| 1961—2015年中国降水面积变化特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张亚宁,张明军,王圣杰,杜铭霞,马荣,王杰.1961—2015年中国降水面积变化特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2019,42(4):762-773. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张亚宁 张明军 王圣杰 杜铭霞 马荣 王杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州,730070;南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京,210023 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41771035）；甘肃省高等学校科研项目创新团队项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 基于中国0.5°×0.5°逐月与逐日降水量网格数据集，采用线性趋势、克里金插值（Kriging）、森斜率等方法，分析1961—2015年中国3个自然区的降水量和降水面积的变化特征。结果表明：（1） 中国1961—2015年年均和季节平均降水量呈现由东南沿海向西北内陆递减的空间分布特征，中国一半以上的地区年均和四季降水量呈增加趋势。（2） 日变化特征上，东部季风区、西北干旱区和青藏高寒区均以小雨和中雨为主，其日降水面积多年平均值分别为：1 112.75×103 km2、52.65×103 km2，1 380.57×103 km2、92.83×103 km2，1 253.9×103 km2、34.3×103 km2，暴雨和大暴雨占的面积较小；三个区域不同等级日降水面积年内变化均符合二次函数曲线，三个区小雨日平均降水面积年际变化均呈略微减少趋势，青藏高寒区和西北干旱区大雨、暴雨和大暴雨均呈略微增加趋势，大暴雨整体波动较大。（3） 季节变化特征上，三个区四季均以小雨为主，暴雨和大暴雨所占面积较少。春季和秋季三个区小雨降水面积均呈减少趋势，春季和夏季三个区暴雨降水面积均呈增加趋势，冬季三个区中雨和大雨降水面积呈增加趋势。（4） 东部季风区春季和秋季，西北干旱区年均和四季，青藏高寒区春季、秋季和冬季不同等级降水量对应的降水面积均符合负指数分布规律。km2
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| 关 键 词： | 中国 降水量 降水面积 变化特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-12-19 |
Changes of precipitation area in China from 1961 to 2015 |
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| Abstract: | The non uniformity of precipitation elements (precipitation, precipitation intensity,precipitation frequency,precipitation area) in time and space leads to the frequent occurrence of many natural disasters (storms,floods,continuous rain,landslides,mudslides,et al.),causing great losses to people’s production and life,which have raised great concern. Based on 0.5°×0.5° monthly and daily precipitation grid datasets in China from 1961 to 2015,the characteristics of precipitation and precipitation area in three regions of China were analyzed using linear trend method,Kriging interpolation method and forest slope method.The annual and seasonal average precipitation both presented a decreasing pattern from the southeast coast to the northwest inland,the annual and seasonal average precipitation in over half of China’s region showed an increasing trend.In terms of daily and seasonal variations,light rain and moderate rain mainly were concentrated in the eastern monsoon region and the northwest arid region and the Qinghai Tibet alpine region of China,but the area occupied by rainstorm and heavy rainstorm was small.The annual variation of daily precipitation area at different levels in the three regions followed a quadratic function curve,and the inter annual variation of the average precipitation area in the three regions showed a slight decrease.The heavy rain,rainstorm and downpour displayed a slightly increasing trend in the Qinghai Tibet alpine region and the arid areas of northwest China.From the seasonal change characteristic perspective,the light rain dominated in all seasons in the three regions.The areas with rainstorm or downpour accounted for a smaller proportion.Precipitation areas of light rain in the three regions in spring and autumn showed a decreasing trend,and rainstorm in spring and summer showed an increasing trend,and moderate rain and heavy rain in winter showed an increasing trend.The precipitation areas at different levels of precipitation all conformed to a negative index distribution in the eastern monsoon region in spring and autumn,in the arid areas of northwest China in all seasons and in the Qinghai Tibet alpine region in spring,autumn and winter.The variation characteristics of precipitation area in China provides a good basis for formulating climate change strategies.It is also of great significance for the comprehensive management of water resources and flood control and disaster mitigation in the basin. |
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| Keywords: | China precipitation precipitation area changing characteristics |
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