疏水性螯合物固相萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定海水中5种重金属

海水重金属的含量变化与分布特征受海洋中生物地球化学过程控制。海水重金属测定的难点在于海水盐度高且重金属含量低,需要进行分离、富集等样品前处理。常规前处理方法如溶剂萃取样品量大、操作繁琐,使用大量有机溶剂,对环境和操作者危害大;共沉淀法容易造成污染。本研究以吡咯烷基二硫代甲酸铵和二乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠为螯合剂,采用商品化的固相萃取柱,分离海水中的镉、铜、铅、镍和锌5种重金属,原子吸收光谱法测定其含量。结果表明:5种元素工作曲线的相关性较好(R0.999),镉锌的线性范围分别为0~4!g/L和0~100!g/L,铅铜镍的线性范围为0~40!g/L;检出限(!g/L)分别为0.02、2.6、0.06、0.18、0.3,方法精密度高(RSD5%),加标回收率为93.8%~104%。本方法利用疏水性作用的固相萃取技术,实现了海水分析的绿色样品前处理。     

Triton X-114存在下镉试剂分光光度法测定环境水样中的镉

及时监测环境水中的镉含量是预防和治理镉污染的前提,采用分光光度法测定镉具有简便、迅速、易普及等特点,然而较低的灵敏度限制了该方法的应用。本文通过选用表面活性剂Triton X-114为增敏剂,有效地提高了镉试剂分光光度法测定镉离子的灵敏度。研究结果表明,在KOH溶液中,Triton X-114存在下,镉试剂与镉离子生成橙红色络合物,显色物质最大吸收峰为470 nm,镉离子含量在0~10 μg/25 mL范围内符合比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数达到1.25×10⁵ L/(mol·cm),检测限低至5.0 μg/L。与Triton X-100以及其他表面活性剂相比,Triton X-114的应用能显著提高镉试剂光度法测定镉的吸光度,表观摩尔吸光系数最高可增加49%,检测限也能够降低近50%,并且分析方法简便迅速,易普及,可应用于环境水以及工业废水中微量或痕量镉的直接测定。     

快速程序升温-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量镉

建立了快速程序升温-石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定地质样品中痕量镉的分析方法.样品用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸进行前处理,为提高分析效率,改进了石墨炉升温程序,省去了常规方法中的灰化步骤,使测定镉的程序升温时间由常规的90～100 s降至24 s,工作效率显著提高.方法检出限为0.011 μg/g,加标回收率为93.5%～106.0...     

1-（4-硝基苯基）-3-（5，6-二甲基-1，2，4三氮唑）-三氮烯的合成及与镉的显色反应

报道了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(5,6-二甲基-1,2,4三氮唑)-三氮烯(NPDMTT)的合成及其与镉的显色反应研究.在表面活性剂OP的存在下,pH=11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与镉发生显色反应,镉与NPDMTT形成摩尔比为1∶3的黄色配合物,在455 nm处有一最大正吸收,在540 nm处有一最大负吸收.以455 nm为参比波长、540 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.84×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,镉的浓度在0～520 μg/L符合比尔定律.用拟定方法测定废水中的微量镉,结果与原子吸收光谱法相符.     

在线液-液萃取微型万用分相器的设计和应用Ⅲ.流动注射液-液萃取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定矿石中钼和钨

设计的在线液-液萃取分相器及相应流路系统与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱联用具有良好的分析性能.用于测定地质样品中的Mo和W,检出限(3σ)分别为3.6 μg/L和28 μg/L,两元素在0～2.0 mg/L有良好的线性.对于1 mg/L的Mo和W的测定,RSD(n=7)分别为4.0%和2.7%,测定速率为25～30/h.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定矿坑水中的苯系物

以国家标准方法和EPA方法为基础, 进行了矿坑排水中苯系物的测定.在测定过程中进行了质量保证和质量控制实验, 用外标法定量.在水样测定的同时对用自动顶空进样器和吹扫捕集浓缩仪两种进样方式测定矿坑排水中苯系物的方法进行了比较, 对进样方式和影响测定的因素进行了讨论.结果表明, 自动顶空进样器的回收率为108.5 8%~116.38%, 方法检出限为5.00~10.00 μg/L; 吹扫捕集浓缩仪的回收率为94.87%~105.6 3%, 方法检出限为0.25~0.50 μg/L.      

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中狄氏剂和多氯联苯

狄氏剂与多氯联苯均是海洋环境中毒性大、难降解的有机污染物,建立海水中狄氏剂与多氯联苯快速、灵敏、准确的检测方法,具有重要意义。本文采用聚苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯（Cleanert PS）固相萃取柱对海水样品中的狄氏剂与7种多氯联苯进行分离富集,建立了气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）的分析方法。实验了萃取流速、洗脱液、水样盐度与pH等实验条件对萃取效率的影响,确定样品以5.0 mL/min的流速经Cleanert PS固相萃取柱富集,真空抽干后用5.0 mL丙酮洗脱,挥干洗脱液,用1.0 mL正己烷定容,在选定的色谱条件下进行分析。方法精密度（RSD）为0.9%~4.4%,与《海洋监测规范》GB 17378.4—2007的RSD指标相比,精密度良好;加标回收率为82.1%~123.9%。狄氏剂的检出限（0.0088 μg/L）低于文献的检出限（0.05 μg/L）,7种多氯联苯的检出限（0.0012~0.0067 μg/L）低于文献的检出限（0.147~0.289 μg/L）。该方法适合于海水中痕量狄氏剂与多氯联苯的快速分析,具有一定的实用价值。     

微波消解-分光光度法测定钒钛磁铁矿中的钒

采用硫-磷混合酸微波消解对难溶的钒钛磁铁矿进行前处理,用5-溴-PADAP-过氧化氢分光光度法测定矿样中的钒,优化了微波消解的实验条件.加入浓磷酸和40 g/L氟化钠溶液分别消除了共存常量元素铁和钛的干扰.方法检出限为0.004 μg/mL,线性范围为0.01～1.0 μg/mL . 应用于实际钒钛磁铁矿样品中钒的测定,重现性好,检出限较低,灵敏度较高,能够满足简单、快速、批量分析的要求.     

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿区镉的水地球化学研究

云南金顶铅锌矿是镉(Cd)元素富集区,采矿活动导致Cd释放出来进入地表环境造成Cd污染.矿区水体中出现较高含量的Cd,高出天然河流中Cd含量的50～100倍.矿区架崖山、北厂和跑马坪等采矿区水体中Cd浓度范围在15～30 μg/L之间.矿区水体中Cd含量水平表现为:矿山浅层地下水＞矿山溪流水＞沘江河水.研究结果表明,矿区沘江下游河段水体明显受Cd污染,其中水体中Cd的平均含量为15.7 μg/L,悬浮物中Cd含量为49.3 mg/kg,沉积物中Cd含量为203.7 mg/kg.矿区载Cd岩石和矿物的自然风化是造成矿区水环境中Cd污染的直接原因.     

原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中的镉

样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸溶解,用原子荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中的镉。实验确定了最佳酸度、增感剂镍量、抗坏血酸量和硫脲量,并确定了仪器测定最佳条件,对干扰元素的允许量进行了研究。方法检出限为0.20μg/L,精密度为4.5%,线性范围为0~160μg/L,加标回收率为95.9%~103.7%。方法可应用于铁矿石的快速检测。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with     

PALEOZOOLOGY

正20141609 Chen Guiying(College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China);Han Nairen New Materials of Stylophora from the Upper Cambrian of the Jingxi Area,Guangxi,South China(Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,ISSN0001-6616,CN32-1188Q,52(3),2013,p.288-293,2 illus.,12 refs.)Key words:Stylophora,Guangxi     

GEOPHYSICS

正20140634 Cao Lingmin(Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China);Xu Yi Finite Difference Tomography of the Crustal Velocity Structure in Tengchong,Yunnan Province(Chinese Journal of Geophysics,ISSN0001-5733,CN11-2074/P,56(4),2013,p.1159-1167,6illus.,35refs.,with English abstract)