汶川─理县志留系茂县群无根钩状褶皱构造初步解析

钩状褶皱又称无根钩状褶皱，是区域变质岩中广泛发育的特有构造形态之一，与面状构造置换密切相关。对它的研究，有助于恢复大型褶皱形态和变质岩原岩产状。本文初步探讨了四川汶川─理县志留系茂县群中广泛发育的无根钩状褶皱的形态、产状、成因和与大型褶皱构造的关系。     

藏北羌塘中部晚古生代增生杂岩的发现及其地质意义

西藏中部羌塘变质岩带发育复理石碎屑建造和片理化玄武岩建造,都经历了强烈的构造置换作用;还发育早—晚古生代大理岩岩片、无根勾状褶皱和大理岩与蓝片岩组成的同斜褶皱,不同时代的榴辉岩呈岩块出露。这些地质体呈岩片产出,经历了多期构造叠加和置换,原岩总体为碎屑岩、泥质岩、硅质岩、碳酸盐岩及枕状玄武岩、辉长岩建造。宏观上发育明显的区域性置换面理,为典型的造山带增生杂岩。     

江南造山带北缘鄣公山地区新元古代地层构造变形特征及其动力学机制

鄣公山地区位处皖赣交界地带,区内广泛分布一套浅变质的陆缘细碎屑岩为主含少量火山物质的复理石建造体,大量高精度同位素测年数据显示,该浅变质地层形成于820～840Ma新元古代。经系统野外调查,在该地层中首次解析出5期褶皱变形,其中F1以原始层理(S0)为形变面形成的紧闭同斜、平卧等形态的露头尺度级片内无根褶皱;F2以早期构造面理(S1∥S0)为形变面的轴向近东西向开阔斜歪及同斜褶皱;F3属与大规模逆冲推覆构造相关的紧闭同斜或斜歪褶皱;F4为与燕山期花岗质岩浆热隆升有关的轴面北倾的透入性不对称紧闭下滑褶皱群;F5为分布于区域脆性平移走滑断裂带附近的倾竖褶皱,上述褶皱分别对应不同的构造变形旋回。本文重点阐述褶皱变形的几何学、叠加样式、变形序次、运动学特征,并对变形机制及大陆动力学等进行分析。     

新疆于田塔木其铜锌矿构造控矿规律探讨

新疆于田塔木其铜锌矿是西昆仑造山带内众多与火山作用有关的热水喷流沉积块状硫化物矿床之一,但该矿的空间位态与典型层控矿床不一致。研究区经历的主要构造运动期次可分为3期,S2期构造运动对现今岩石及矿体的空间分布状态起决定性作用。野外及镜下详细观察表明,S2期构造变形为强压应力兼具一定剪切性质的脆韧性变形,对研究区内原始层理及矿体进行了构造置换。S2期构造透镜体长轴及劈理产状统计表明,构造透镜体空间展布状态小受S2期劈理控制,透镜体最大压扁面平行于S2期劈理面分布,研究区在S2期遭受了强烈的南北挤压应力。通过对小型褶皱、透镜体的观测及劈理的统计,结合构造剖面的测制,推测矿体上一级构造样式为大型无根褶皱,矿体本身为加厚的Z型次级褶皱形成的透镜体,矿体所处部位可能为无根褶皱的背形南翼或向形北翼。S3期节理产状要素统计表明,在S3期研究区发生了南北挤压应力作用下的脆性破裂,这些破裂对矿体的分布有一定影响。     

动力成矿作用在邓家山铅锌矿床中的表现

论述了邓家山铅锌矿床含矿硅质岩.即含矿层或矿源层的特证.矿区构造变形特证,滑断构造的存在,劈理的广泛发育,片内无根褶皱的出现.剪切褶皱和紧闭倒转背斜等和4期构造变形序列.从动力作用成矿观点和动力矿床形成的基本条件,来认识邓家山铅锌矿床地质特征和分析矿床形成机制,提出了邓家山铅锌矿床为层控型动力热液成因矿床的新认识.     

吉林省金城洞绿岩带构造变形序列

金城洞绿岩带自晚太古代以来经历了多期变形：Ｄ＿１变形幕，形成片理、片麻理及无根褶曲，是深部构造层次的产物；Ｄ＿２变形幕，形成轴面片理及一系列轴向ＮＷ或ＮＷＷ向的紧闭同斜或平卧褶皱，并伴有英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩侵入，是中深部构造层次的产物；Ｄ＿３变形幕，形成大型开阔褶皱，晚期形成韧性剪切带，是中浅部构造层次的产物。这三幕变形奠定了本区的基本构造格架。Ｄ＿４变形幕在中浅构造部位形成ＮＥ向开活褶皱。古生代以来，本区主要发生脆性变形。     

区域变质杂岩的构造序列规律探讨

根据实地观测和有关资料的研究表明,不论前寒武纪地质区或是显生宙的造山带,其变质杂岩普遍存在着构造变形的某些共同规律,表现于面、褶皱和线构造的发生、发展和转化,遵循着大致类同的顺序,形成构造序列,集中反映了区域变质造山带的变形与演化过程。如果将面、褶皱和线构造各序列中同期的构造形迹相组合,就形成构造组合,代表变形幕。相继生成的构造组合表明一个构造旋迴的变形序列。过去对造山带变质杂岩的构造研究很少注意构造演化中的序列规律。     

小秦岭地体褶皱特征及其形成机制

小秦岭地体中的褶皱包括露头褶皱和宏观褶皱和宏观褶组成褶皱的面理为闪生构造面理。露头褶皱为地壳早期伸展机制下发生左行张扭剪切作用产生的构造形迹；宏观褶皱为侵入岩浆穹起、底辟作用向外扩张窨推拉围岩形成的构造格局。     

甘肃省阳山金矿控矿构造分析及其意义

阳山金矿产于勉阳-略阳板块缝合带中,经历了以逆冲推覆构造为主的复杂构造改造。通过构造研究把阳山金矿内的构造分出四期。第一期构造变形表现为由北向南逆冲,为韧性变形,构造置换明显、完全,形成透入性面理,剪切褶皱、无根褶皱、S-C组构、压力影、旋转碎斑、多米诺骨牌、石香肠等构造发育,构造岩为糜棱岩、超糜棱岩、构造片岩,并伴随有大规模的花岗岩岩浆活动,形成于三叠纪末-早侏罗世。第二期构造变形为由南向北的伸展构造,主要表现对第一期面理的改造和再利用,多为韧性变形,可见剪切褶皱、旋转碎斑等构造,构造岩为糜棱岩,顺层张性石英脉的发育,并伴随有大规模的岩浆活动,形成于侏罗纪末-早白垩世早期。第三期构造为脆韧性变形,为由南向的北逆冲推覆构造,主要表现为对先期构造的改造,使阳山金矿区南部面理产状发生倒转,形成膝折构造,构造岩为糜棱岩、初糜棱岩,形成于早白垩世晚期。第四期构造为表层次脆性的由南向北的伸展构造,形成构造角砾岩、碎裂岩等脆性构造岩,同时有石英脉和方解石脉顺断层侵入,本期构造形成于古近纪。     

总体非共轴持续变形产生的构造及其运动学意义——以金州韧性剪切带为例*

构造解析证实,金州韧性剪切带是以右行走滑为主的大型缓倾斜剪切带,带内发育的糜棱面理-小型褶皱-香肠构造及肿缩构造-S?C组构的系列,以及广泛分布的拉伸线理,是总体非共轴持续变形条件下,带内共轴与非共轴线路相结合的结果,并且后者占主要地位。糜棱面理是最早生成的透入性构造,对其他构造的形成有重要作用。剪应变量(γ)大小与糜棱岩化程度有直接关系。鞘褶皱多发育于γ≥10地段。微构造发育机制的变化是：γ 由低到高,石英变形从低温晶体-塑性转向塑性变形与重结晶作用; 而云母矿物从外形定向转向粘性颗粒-边界滑动。     

On the deformation sequence in the New Harbour Group of Holy Island,Anglesey, North Wales

Four phases of deformation are recorded by minor structures in the New Harbour Group (NHG) of southern Holy Island. The regional schistosity in these rocks is a differentiated crenulation cleavage of D₂ age. An earlier preferred orientation (S₁) is commonly preserved as crenulations within the Q-domain microlithons of the S₂ schistosity and is demonstrably non-parallel to bedding. F₃ folds are widely developed in S₂ and, to a lesser extent, in bedding. S₃ crenulation cleavage is sporadically developed but can be intense locally. A major antiformal fold exists in the NHG near Rhoscolyn. This fold is of D₃ age since it clearly deforms S₂ schistosity and is consistent with the vergence of F₃ minor structures. All planar structures are deformed by folds of D₄ age. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A missing link of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between the Qinling and Qilian orogens,China:Insights from geochronology and structural geology

The Qinling-Qilian connection zone(QQCZ) is a key area to reveal the relationship and to make a link of the North Qinling and the North Qilian orogens,China.Here we present U-Pb dating data of detrital zircons from four sedimentary/metasedimentary rocks in the QQCZ and the southwestern North China Block(NCB) and detailed regional structural data.Three episodes of fold deformation(D_1,D_2 and D3) are distinguished in the QQCZ,with the former two occurred during the early Paleozoic.The D_1 deformation is mainly characterized by regionally penetrative schistosity and some residual rootless intrafolial folds due to the intensive superpositions by the subsequent D_2 and D3 deformations.The D_2 deformation characterized by tight folds,associated axial plane foliations and crenulation lineations indicates a stress field characterized by NNE-SSW-directed compression,which may be induced by the collision between the NCB and the southern blocks.The D3 deformation which might occur during the Mesozoic is marked by upright open folds and kink bands.The similarity of the detrital zircon age spectra of the Huluhe Group in the North Qilian Orogen and the Erlangping Group in the North Qinling Orogen suggests that the two groups have similar provenance,which may indicate that the North Qilian Orogen corresponded to the North Qinling Orogen in a regional tectonic framework.In addition,the remarkable age peak at～435 Ma of the detrital zircon age spectrum of the Duanjiaxia Formation in the southwestern NCB indicates that this formation obtained the provenance of the North Qilian and North Qinling orogens,which may be generated by the collage of the southwestern NCB and the QQCZ during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian.Based on structural,detrital zircon and metamorphic data,we suggest that the North Qilian and North Qinling orogens underwent similar evolution during the early Paleozoic due to the closure of the North Qilian and the Kuanping oceans which located at the northern boundary of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.     

Intrafolial folds and associated structures in a progressive strain environment of Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya

The Dating rocks and Darjeeling gneisses, which constitute the Sikkim dome in eastern Himalaya, as well as the Gondwana and Buxa rocks of ‘Rangit Window’, disclose strikingly similar sequences of deformation and metamorphism. The structures in all the rocks belong to two generations. The structures of early generation are long-limbed, tight near-isoclinal folds which are often intrafolial and rootless. These intrafolial folds are associated with co-planar tight folds with variably oriented axes and sheath folds with arcuate hinges. Penetrative axial plane cleavage and mineral lineation are related structures; transposition of bedding is remarkable. This early phase of deformation (D ₁) is accompanied by constructive metamorphism. The structures of later generation are open, asymmetrical or polyclinal; a crenulation cleavage or discrete fracture may occur. The structures of early generation are distorted by folds of later generation and recrystallized minerals are cataclastically deformed. Recrystallization is meagre or absent during the later phase of deformation (D ₂). The present discussion is on structures of early generation and strain environment during theD ₁ phase of deformation. The concentration of intrafolial folds in the vicinity of ductile shear zones and decollement or detachment surface (often described as ‘thrust’) may be considered in this context. The rocks of Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya display minor structures other than intrafolial folds and variably oriented co-planar folds. The state of finite strain in the rocks, as observed from features like flattened grains and pebbles, ptygmatic folds and boudinaged folds indicate combination of flattening and constrictional type strain. The significance of the intrafolial folds in the same rocks is discussed to probe the environment of strain during progressive deformation (D ₁).     

鞍山附近“樱桃园组”的构造样式及其时代讨论

本文区分了“樱桃园组”岩石在元古主构造旋回的三幕变形,详细描述了各幕SFL组合和按区段进行了投影。主变形幕D₁的构造最发育,F₁控制着本区的岩性分布。构造序列及样式变化显示由高塑性向脆性的变形格式。本组与下伏的太古鞍山群变粒岩在构造序列、样式和变质相上都有显著差异,过去许多地质学家把二者混划为一个单位,统名“鞍山群”,属太古宙。但本组与上覆的辽河群(上元古)的构造样式和变质相却相似,故其时代相当于早元古Ferrian期。     

Extensional tectonic origin of gneissosity and related structures of the Feiran–Solaf metamorphic belt, Sinai, Egypt

The Feiran–Solaf metamorphic belt consists of low-P high-T amphibolite facies, partly migmatized gneisses, schists, amphibolites and minor calc-silicate rocks of metasedimentary origin. There are also thick concordant synkinematic sheets of diorite, tonalite and granodiorite orthogneiss and foliated granite and pegmatite dykelets. The gneissosity (or schistosity) is referred to as S₁, and is almost everywhere parallel to lithological layering, S₀. This parallelism is not due to transposition. The gneissosity formed during an extensional tectonic event (termed D1), before folding of S₀. S₁ formed by coaxial pure shear flattening strain (Z normal to S₀, i.e. vertical; with X and Y both extensional and lying in S₁). This strain also produced chocolate tablet boudinage of some layers and S₁-concordant sills and veins. S₁ has a strong stretching lineation L₁ with rodding characteristics. Within-plane plastic anisotropy (lower ductility along Y compared to along X) resulted in L₁-parallel extensional ductile shears and melt filled cracks. Continued shortening of these veins, and back-rotation of foliations on the shears produced intrafolial F₁ folds with hinges parallel to the stretching lineation. F₁ fold asymmetry variations do not support previous models involving macroscopic F₁ folds or syn-gneissosity compressional tectonics. The sedimentary protoliths of the Feiran–Solaf gneisses were probably deposited in a pre-800 Ma actively extending intracratonic rift characterizing an early stage of the break-up of Rodinia.     

Structural styles and tectonic evolution of the Kolia-Boboti sedimentary Basin,Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier,eastern Senegal

New structural data obtained on the Birimian terranes of the Kolia-Boboti sedimentary Basin, the eastern part of the Dialé-Daléma Supergroup in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier show two major phases of Eburnean compressional deformation: (1) a D1 phase of thrusting tectonics affected the Lower Birimian B1 tourmalinized sediments. This first tectonic phase is characterized by isoclinals overturned to recumbent folds P1 with N040° 20°NE trending axis, associated with axial plane schistosity S₀S₁ which is mainly transposed in the bedding; (2) a D2 phase of compressional (D2a) and transpressional (D2b) tectonics is responsible for the crossfolds P2a-P2b exhibiting curved axes. These P2 folds are associated with the major schistosity S₂, north-south to SW-NE trending, mainly dipping to the south-east. The S₂ schistosity is mostly displayed in the large shear zones corridors where it steeply dips locally toward the north-west. A north-west vergence thrusting phase (D2c) of flats and ramps, associated with reverse folds, represents the last Eburnean event. This geometrical feature is characteristic of a “positive flower structure”. These different Eburnean compressional phases are separated by extensional deformation which is characterized by sedimentary deposits and volcanic flows.     

辽宁鞍山地区元古宙岩群构造变形及其对铁矿床分布的控制规律

本文运用构造解析的方法,结合地层学、岩石学及地球化学等方面的研究,搞清了鞍山地区元古宙岩群的构造变形规律,建立了构造变形序列,探讨了该区韧性变形带的分类性质、形成机制、形成时代以及韧性变形带与构造序列的关系,在此基础上总结出了本区地质构造的演化规律,以及构造变形对铁矿床的控制规律。     

圆锥状褶皱的几何分析

长期以来,地质学家习惯于把不同类型和不同成因的褶皱的基本形态当作圆柱状几何性状处理,建立了褶曲构造的基本几何要素,并且以此作为划分构造均匀区段的几何准则。从最近十余年来关于区域变质造山带的大量观测研究证明,还有另一种褶皱,即圆锥状褶皱,广泛发育于褶皱复杂的变质岩系之中,在不同尺度上显示其控制作用和对区域构造格架的影响。     

Discovery of a layer of probable impact melt spherules in the Late Archaean Jeerinah Formation,Fortescue Group,Western Australia

In the high‐grade (granulite facies) metamorphic rocks at Broken Hill the foliation is deformed by two groups of folds. Group 1 folds have an axial‐plane schistosity and a sillimanite lineation parallel to their fold axes; the foliation has been transposed into the plane of the schistosity by these folds. Group 2 folds deform the schistosity and distort the sillimanite lineation so that it now lies in a plane. Both groups of folds are developed as large folds. The retrograde schist zones are zones in which new fold structures have formed. These structures deform Group 1 and Group 2 folds and are associated with the formation of a new schistosity and strain‐slip cleavage. The interface between ore and gneiss is folded about Group 1 axial planes but about axes different from those in the foliation in the gneiss. On the basis of this, the orebody could not have been parallel to the foliation prior to the first recognizable structural and metamorphic events at Broken Hill. The orebody has been deformed by Group 2 and later structures.     

扬子克拉通北缘米仓山地区前震旦纪变质作用特征

扬子克拉通北缘米仓山地区前震旦纪变质岩系由后河岩群、八角树片麻杂岩和火地垭群组成。研究表明,本区前震旦纪至少发育４期区域变质作用和１期线性动力变质作用