贺根山缝合带晚石炭世TTG岩浆事件:奥长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学制约

本文以贺根山缝合带呼都格奥长花岗岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学研究,讨论岩石成因、构造环境、TTG岩浆事件及古亚洲洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,呼都格岩体富硅(SiO₂=66.27%~71.59%)、高铝(Al₂O₃=15.23%~15.94%)、富钠(Na₂O=4.13%~6.59%)、低钾(K₂O=1.72%~2.53%),相对高锶(Sr=196.60×10^-6~465.40×10^-6)、低钇(Y=5.70×10^-6~12.63×10^-6),富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和HREE,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,呼都格岩体属于以奥长花岗岩为主的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩TTG岩石组合。这套TTG组合除Sr、Mg、Ni和Cr含量相对较低之外,与高Si埃达克岩的地球化学特征相类似,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧环境,可能为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年获得两组年龄为306.3±1.9Ma和315.5±1.9Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了贺根山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带TTG岩浆事件。结合其与梅劳特乌拉-高力罕蛇绿岩-TTG岩带前弧玄武岩、高镁安山岩/高镁闪长岩、埃达克岩、TTG、富铌弧玄武岩/辉长岩的岩石构造组合,认为古亚洲洋二连-贺根山洋盆在晚石炭世可能处于洋壳俯冲消减、TTG岩浆活动和新生陆壳生长洋陆转换过程中。     

甘肃北山红石山地区晚石炭世英云闪长岩锆石U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

本文以出露于红石山—百合山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧的英云闪长岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年代学研究,探讨其成因、构造环境及红石山洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,红石山南英云闪长岩体富硅（SiO2=63. 95%～66. 22%）、高铝（Al2O3=15. 31%～16. 61%）、富钠（Na2O=3. 73%～4. 33%）、低钾（K2O=1. 00%～1. 85%）,相对高锶（Sr=246. 0×10-6～417. 0×10-6）、低钇（Y=8. 83×10-6～11. 80×10-6）,富集Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,HREE相对亏损,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融的产物。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,红石山南英云闪长岩体的形成年龄为306. 9～309. 9 Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了红石山—百合山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带岩浆作用事件,进一步约束了红石山洋俯冲时限。结合红石山—百合山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩和早二叠世末期（275 Ma）的辉长岩和花岗岩侵位及早—中二叠世双堡塘组下部的角度不整合均反映了红石山洋盆的闭合过程（辛后田等,2020）,表明红石山洋盆在晚石炭世并未关闭,而是处于大洋俯冲消减和陆壳增生过程中。     

东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑地区晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征

笔者等对东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩开展详细的全岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素研究,确定其形成时代,并探讨其岩石成因及成岩构造背景。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为231.1±1.2 Ma,指示其侵位于晚三叠世早期。全岩K₂O/Na₂O值为0.69～0.71,Mg^#值为40.5～41.6,里特曼指数σ为1.90～2.09,A/CNK=1.01～1.03,属弱过铝质中—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石的轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)_N值为19.54～25.52,具弱负Eu异常(δEu为0.96～0.97),富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,具有高的Sr含量(606.0×10^-6～647.9×10^-6)和Sr/Y值(60.38～62.99),较低的Y(9.62×10^-6～10.66×10^-6)和Yb(0.86     

北祁连车路沟斑岩型金矿床含矿岩体年代学、地球化学与岩石成因

车路沟金矿是北祁连山发现的首例与斑岩有关的金矿床,矿体产于加里东晚期侵入的中酸性斑岩体及其与围岩接触带内。为了查明含矿斑岩体侵位时代、岩石成因和源区性质,本文以车路沟一带含矿斑岩体作为研究对象,对其开展了岩石地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和Hf同位素特征研究。该岩体主要由花岗闪长斑岩、石英闪长斑岩、英云闪长斑岩组成,对花岗闪长斑岩、英云闪长斑岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,分别获得锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为438.6±3.8Ma和433.0±3.8Ma,指示岩浆侵位时代为早志留世晚期。岩石Si O₂含量为61.4%～68.6%,Al₂O₃含量为15.0%～16.7%,MgO含量为0.36%～2.95%,σ值介于1.20～2.03之间,A/CNK值为1.0～1.1之间,属钙碱性系列准铝质花岗岩类;具有弱负铕异常-正铕异常(δEu=0.90～1.18),高Sr(319×10^-6～549×10^-6     

西秦岭中段日多玛岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

日多玛花岗闪长岩体位于西秦岭中段美武岩体附近,对该岩体进行了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学方面的研究。日多玛花岗闪长岩体含有较丰富的暗色微粒包体,花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(236.8±3.6) Ma(MSWD=4.1)和(242.7±1.6) Ma(MSWD=1.4),属于印支早期。日多玛岩体具有富钾(2.58%~2.75%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O=5.57%~5.76%)、弱过铝质(A/CNK=1.48~1.51)特征,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩类。日多玛岩体稀土元素表现为轻重稀土元素分馏较明显(LREE/HREE=10.4~11.9)、呈右倾特征,具有中等Eu负异常(δEu=0.68~0.81),岩石富集K、Rb、Ba、Th和U等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和P等高场强元素。岩石地球化学特征表明,日多玛花岗闪长岩来源于下地壳高钾玄武质岩石的部分熔融。此外,花岗闪长岩体具有较高的Mg^#(57~61)、Cr(149×10^-6~185×10^-6)和Ni(36×10^-6~47×10^-6),显示有少量幔源物质加入,暗色微粒包体可能代表了这种幔源岩浆。结合区域地质背景分析,认为日多玛花岗闪长岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境,可能与俯冲洋壳的断离作用有关。     

川西龙门山南段新元古代火山作用时代与动力学背景：来自锆石地球化学和U-Pb年代学的约束

龙门山南段发育一套新元古代火山—沉积地层,其成岩时代及动力学背景一直缺少系统研究,制约了对扬子西缘前寒武纪构造演化的深入理解。本次研究对其下段英安岩和上段流纹岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石微量元素地球化学研究。结果表明,英安岩和流纹岩的锆石均具有较高的Th, U含量和较大的Th/U比值（0.52～0.90和0.76～1.28）,其结晶年龄分别为837±5 Ma和805±4 Ma,表明龙门山南段长英质火山岩形成于新元古代早期。英安岩的锆石具有较低的稀土(ΣREE=160×10^-6～389×10^-6、ΣLREE=8.3×10^-6～18.6×10^-6)和Ti含量(2.17×10^-6～4.66×10^-6)以及较高的Eu/Eu^*比值（0.43～0.76）、较低的U/Yb（0.66～1.27）,而流纹岩的锆石具有较高稀土(ΣREE=482×10^-6～1 345×10^-6、ΣLREE=13.7×...     

南天山地块塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征：对壳源岩浆成因和构造背景的限定

提要：【研究目的】西南天山造山带内塔格拉克地区的长条状岩体位于南天山地块,由二长花岗岩组成。厘定该二长花岗岩的形成机制,对南天山壳源岩浆成因的限定、洋盆俯冲消减及碰撞闭合时限等问题的研究具有重要意义。【研究方法】本文首次报道了塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩的全岩主量元素、微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学结果。【研究结果】LA-ICP-MS锆石年代学研究揭示出塔格拉克地区二长花岗岩成岩年龄为(284.0±1.9)～(284.3±3.2)Ma,为早二叠世花岗岩。岩石主量元素和微量元素分析结果揭示该二长花岗岩具有A型花岗岩特征：(1)SiO₂(70.92%～72.78%)含量高,碱质(K₂O+Na₂O=7.91%～8.44%)含量较高,A/CNK(0.89～0.99)较高,表明二长花岗岩为准铝质岩石,属于高钾钙碱性系列;(2)LREE(196×10^-6～280×10^-6)相对富集,HREE(22.8×10^-6～28.2×10^-6)相对亏损,负Eu异常(...     

珲春小西南岔白垩纪花岗岩的地球化学及岩浆源区特征

珲春小西南岔地区白垩纪花岗岩主要有英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩两种类型。英云闪长岩属于中钾钙碱性系列(Na₂O/K₂O=1.99~2.76),具有高Al₂O₃(15.46%~17.13%)、Sr(559×10^-6~731×10^-6)、Sr/Y(40~78)、La/Yb(16~21),低Y(9×10^-6~14×10^-6)、Yb(0.8×10^-6~1.3×10^-6)的特征,与埃达克质岩石地球化学特征类似。花岗闪长岩为高钾钙碱性系列,Na₂O/K₂O=1.01~1.56,w(Sr)=312×10^-6~410×10^-6、w(Yb)=1.23×10^-6~2.13×10^-6、Sr/Y=13~32,属正常的高钾钙碱性花岗岩。两类花岗岩的源区均为玄武质下地壳物质,英云闪长质岩浆形成压力较高(> 1.0 GPa),深度大于33 km,花岗闪长质岩浆形成压力相对较低(0.8~1.0 GPa),岩浆来源深度为26~33 km。     

巴颜喀拉中部三叠纪花岗岩类的岩石成因及其地质意义

巴颜喀拉-松潘甘孜造山带三叠纪花岗岩是研究青藏高原中部古特提斯造山作用过程与地壳生长演化机制的重要探针。本次研究对巴颜喀拉中部的花岗质岩体进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因和动力学背景。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,本次研究的花岗质岩体形成于209～217 Ma,是晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学分析揭示,岩体由高Sr/Y值和低Sr/Y值花岗岩类组成。其中,高Sr/Y值岩体具有中等K₂O(2.13%～3.75%)、较高的Sr(373×10^–6～521×10^–6)含量和Sr/Y值(47.5～69.4),较低的Yb(0.42×10^–6～0.62×10^–6)、Y(6.79×10^–6～7.99×10^–6)、Cr(5.86×10^–6～13.0×10^–6)和Ni(1.91×10^–6～6.63×10^–6)含量, La/Yb...     

新疆卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带北侧英云闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

以出露于卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带北侧元湖一带英云闪长岩为研究对象,在野外地质调查基础上,结合锆石LA-LCP-MS U-Pb年龄测试、岩石地球化学分析,对该岩体侵入时代及成因进行讨论。英云闪长岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为(342.3±2.8) Ma(MSDW=0.49)。岩石SiO₂含量73.21%～77.15%,Al₂O₃含量10.66%～13.00%,属偏铝质,A/CNK为0.89～0.98、富钠,Na₂O/K₂O值为6.99～22.31,低钾(拉斑)系列。稀土元素总量较低,∑REE=40.95～55.01,轻重稀土分馏较弱,(La/Yb)N=0.47～0.72,Eu负异常明显,δEu=0.15～0.25。Sr/Y比值为3.07～4.36,Nb/Ta比值为3.61～9.86。岩石具较低的Sr初始值,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i=0.704 485和正的Nd初始值,εNd(t)=9.45～10.295。认为卡拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带北侧...     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.