兴神保及宜昌磷矿矿集区空间关系及找矿方向

兴神保及宜昌磷矿矿集区内磷矿储量丰富,通过对比研究两个矿集区内矿体的控矿条件及其其成矿机理,指出二者在矿床类型、控矿因素和成矿机理等方面的共性,认为宜昌磷矿矿集区与兴神保磷矿矿集区是连成一片的;兴神保及宜昌磷矿矿集区内黄陵背斜西北部、东部及神农架背斜以东及南部范围内具有较好的成矿潜力,预测矿体受隐伏向斜构造控制。     

初论云南易门地区凤山铜矿床刺穿构造岩-岩相分带模式

以云南易门式凤山铜矿床为例,应用刺穿构造岩-岩相学填图方法,解剖了控矿刺穿体的识别标志、物质组成、类型、内部结构、构造岩分带等特征。通过控矿刺穿体与非控矿刺穿体的对比研究,建立了控矿刺穿体的构造岩-岩相分带模式：从构造刺穿体→灰白色硅化白云岩→青灰色白云岩,依次出现刺穿体岩相带和构造蚀变岩相带,即火山角砾岩相带→含火山岩、板岩角砾岩相带→强铜矿化灰白色硅化白云质碎裂岩相带→铜矿化碎裂白云岩相带→弱硅化白云岩相带。其中强铜矿化硅化白云质碎裂岩相带、铜矿化硅化碎裂白云岩相带是矿体的主要赋存部位。金属硫化物矿物组合与矿石构造亦呈现水平分带规律：黄铜矿+斑铜矿(少)组合,块状、网脉状构造→黄铜矿+斑铜矿+辉铜矿(少)组合,稠密浸染状、脉状构造→黄铜矿+黄铁矿+斑铜矿(少)组合,细脉状、稀疏浸染状、星点状构造。     

新的构造控矿类型——螺旋构造控矿

概括天宝山新兴角砾岩筒铅锌矿,山东七宝火山岩型金矿,安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿,辽宁簸箕山磷矿,辽宁清源红透山铜(锌)矿等构造控矿实例的解读,表明它们可建立一种新的构造控矿类型——螺旋构造控矿。受幔团螺旋运动上冲的地幔热柱多级浸演化的幔枝构造制约。     

五台山绿岩带条带状铁建造金矿床成矿地质特征与找矿标志

通过综合研究五台山条带状铁建造金矿床区域成矿地质背景及矿床(体)地质特征,应用层控说、构造控矿等成矿理论,总结了该类金矿主要控矿因素,认为后期构造叠加是富集成矿的首要的、关键性控矿因素,构造叠加改造的矿源层是最有利的成矿部位和最佳找矿地区。并归纳了找矿标志,意在推动本区金矿找矿突破,运用地、物、化等综合方法找矿效果较好。     

秦岭镇-旬地区微细浸染型锑金矿床成矿条件及其找矿前景分析

镇（安）旬（阳）地区锑金矿化分布，与其区域地质地球化学因素，陆源断陷盆地沉积岩相变化，后期构造作用密切相关，认为镇旬地区为扬子与华北板块边缘对接过渡活动带，形成局部扩张断陷沉积盆地环境。海底同生断裂的发育，使盆地中心局限台盆环境造成陆源物质、内源组份和深部物质的混生，以及为深部含矿热液上升提供通道；在后期脆－韧性剪切变形构造叠加，地下热卤水循环改造作用，形成层控式细脉浸染型锑金矿床。该地区锑金成矿物质来源丰富，沉积构造环境优越，后期控矿构造发育，显示了潜在的细脉浸染型锑金矿床的找矿前景。     

福建泰宁何宝山金矿控矿构造特征及找矿方向

根据泰宁何宝山金矿区的控矿构造特征的综合分析,认为何宝山金矿区断裂构造发育,主要有近南北向、北东向、北西向3组。北东向的断裂为导矿构造,南北向断裂为控矿构造。控矿断裂为2组近南北向的断裂裂隙群,具有明显的剪性特征,控制了金矿化蚀变带及金矿体的空间展布。近东西向断裂构造为成矿后期的,对南北向的控矿断裂构造具有破坏作用。金矿化蚀变体产于断裂破碎带内,明显受断裂控制。而金矿化程度与蚀变强弱、断裂的规模、破碎程度有直接相关。结合地质类比法,通过构造分析法及矿区地质条件、矿化特征综合分析,认为矿区F3断裂及弧形的拐弯处、F2-4断裂深部为矿体产出有利部位,矿区北部在断裂构造收敛部位、帚状构造砥柱边缘为寻找矿体有利地段。     

利用活性炭吸附测量氡浓度和能谱测量铀含量比值识别深部铀矿矿致异常

花岗岩地区放射性测量受岩性、构造、后生蚀变、铀矿化等影响,形成了复杂多变的放射性异常晕圈,如何识别深部铀矿产生的矿致异常,采用了氡子体积累的活性炭吸附测氡法和坑内伽马能谱测量,数据经过后期氡浓度和铀含量比值处理,放射性异常特征反映了深部铀矿化信息,钻探验证在矿致异常反映控矿构造倾向一侧见到工业铀矿体.     

二连盆地与蒙古沉积盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿条件对比

以砂岩型铀矿成矿理论为指导,以成矿地质背景和成矿基本特征研究为基础,总结了二连盆地和蒙古东南部砂岩型铀矿的主要控矿因素,较系统地对比了二者砂岩型铀矿成矿条件的相似性和差异性。指出二连盆地与蒙古产铀盆地在大地构造属性、盆地类型及规模、铀源、构造演化史和主要控矿因素等方面存在较大相似性,但在产铀层位、后期构造活动性、区域铀矿化显示等方面存在明显差异,根本性差异在于构造活动性和控矿沉积体系两大方面。认为二连盆地与蒙古东南部沉积盆地的产铀潜力大体相当,并提出今后需重视对二连盆地“苏敏河式”铀矿的寻找。     

湘西雪峰地区金多金属成矿带研究进展

对湘西雪峰地区金多金属矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿时代及控矿构造等方面的成果进行了总结,认为该区金多金属成矿带为一控矿构造复杂,具有多期、多源特征的复成矿带,NE、NW、EW和SN向构造及其次级构造为该区重要的控矿构造,存在赋矿地层、下伏更老的结晶基底以及后期含矿热液等多种成矿物质来源,加里东期和印支期可能为该区重要的金多金属成矿期.这对于全面了解雪峰地区的成矿作用有一定的参考意义.     

剪切带与金矿床—构造控矿问题

集数十年至百年金矿研究经验，认识到剪切带构造不仅是控矿因素，而且也是一种重要的成矿机制。含金剪切带型金矿是一类既包括一些脉型矿床，也包括一些层控浸染型矿床的以剪切作用为成矿机制和控矿因素的金矿床。在构造控矿方面具如下特点：1．金矿床或金矿化带的空间分布明显地受韧性剪切带的控制。尽管金矿化带的成因、物质来源以及形成时间等提出了一些不同的成因模式，但其地质事实是金矿化带几乎都产在韧性剪切变质带内部或在其附近的后期（或晚期）构造裂隙中。如印度的科拉尔（Kolar）金矿。2．金矿化带的形成受特定的韧性剪切变质…     

康滇地轴中段前震旦纪地质特征及其与板块构造的关系

本文试用板块构造学说,剖析康滇地轴中段前震旦纪地层沉积、岩浆活动、变质作用以及硫化矿床成矿作用等特征,并探索它们与板块构造的关系,供研讨板块构造学说和我国大陆古板块构造参考。     

甘肃阿尔金南缘白石头沟石墨矿地质特征、成矿条件及找矿标志

甘肃白石头沟石墨矿位于阿尔金南缘敦煌地块,赋存于前寒武纪敦煌岩群大理岩和石英片岩之中,目前圈定矿体33条,主要矿体2条。作为研究白石头沟石墨矿理想地层的敦煌岩群,是一套以变质碎屑沉积岩和变质基性岩为主的变质岩浆杂岩。本文从矿床角度出发,立足于区域地质勘查资料,结合前人研究成果,在对白石头沟石墨矿成矿地质背景、矿床及矿体特征、组合样化学分析、矿石矿物赋存状态及特征研究的基础上,对矿床的成因进行初步探讨并归纳区域找矿标志。研究表明,白石头沟石墨矿可分为大理岩型和石英片岩型两种类型,是古元古代经历区域动力热液变质作用而形成的沉积变质型矿床,成矿物质主要来源于变质碎屑沉积岩类的原岩（海相陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩）本身,成矿环境为古老活动大陆边缘。找矿标志具有特定层位、岩性、矿化及物探特征。     

柞水大西沟菱铁矿床地质特征及成因探讨

山阳－柞水矿集区位于商丹断裂和山阳－凤镇断裂之间,区域上归属于中秦岭褶皱带,出露地层属海相粘土质碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩含铁建造,整个岩石受区域变质作用影响,形成浅变质的绿泥石岩相带。断裂构造和岩浆活动强烈,成矿条件优越,是重要的多金属矿集区。柞水大西沟大型菱铁矿、重晶石多金属矿床位于秦岭褶皱系礼县—柞水华力西褶皱带中东段,西芦山—蔡玉窑复向斜西端,交公庙向斜的南翼。以菱铁矿为主的矿体赋存于泥质碎屑岩建造向碳酸盐岩建造过渡的部位。成矿物质主要来源于古海槽底的断裂带的热卤水,部分成矿物质可能来源于火山—次火山。这些成矿物质在海盆中富集、沉积成矿,其后的变质作用使部分菱铁矿变成磁铁矿,有叠加、富集作用。矿床成因主要为热卤水沉积成矿。     

The changing vision of marine minerals

Non-fuel marine minerals are reviewed from the perspective of resources and their value as active analogs that can advance understanding of types of ancient ore deposits that formed in marine settings. The theory of plate tectonics is the largest influence in expanding our vision of marine minerals and in developing our understanding of geologic controls of mineralization in space and time. Prior to the advent of plate tectonics, we viewed the ocean basins as passive sinks that served as containers for particulate and dissolved material eroded from land. This view adequately explained marine placer deposits (heavy minerals and gems), aggregates (sand and gravel), and precipitates (phosphorites and manganese nodules). Although numerous sites of placer mineral deposits are known on continental shelves worldwide, current activity pertains to diamond mining off southwestern Africa, tin mining off southeastern Asia, and intermittent gold mining off northwestern North America, which are all surpassed economically by worldwide recovery of marine sand and gravel, in turn dwarfed by offshore oil and gas. With the advent of plate tectonics, plate boundaries in ocean basins are recognized as active sources of mineralization in the form of hydrothermal massive sulfide deposits and proximal lower-temperature deposits hosted in oceanic crust (mafic at ocean ridges and felsic at volcanic island arcs), and of magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide, chromite and PGE deposits inferred to be present in the oceanic upper mantle–lower crust based on their occurrence in ophiolites. Some 300 sites of hydrothermal active and relict mineralization, most of them minor, are known at this early stage of seafloor exploration on ocean ridges, in fore-arc volcanoes, at back-arc spreading axes, and in arc rifts; deposits formed at spreading axes and transported off-axis by spreading are present in oceanic lithosphere but are virtually unknown. The TAG (Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) hydrothermal field in the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (latitude 26° N) is considered to exemplify a major Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) deposit forming at a spreading axis. The most prospective of these occurrences lie within the 200 nautical mile (370 km)-wide Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the nations of the volcanic island arcs of the western Pacific where metal content of massive sulfides (Ag, Au, Ba, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn) exceeds that at ocean ridges. Plate tectonics early provided a framework for mineralization on the scale of global plate boundaries and is providing guidance to gradually converge on sites of mineralization through regional scales of plate reorganization, with the potential to elucidate the occurrence of individual deposits (e.g., Eocene Carlin-type gold deposits). Investigation of the spectrum of marine minerals as active analogs of types of ancient mineral deposits is contributing to this convergence. Consideration of questions posed by Brian Skinner (1997) of what we do and do not know about ancient hydrothermal mineral deposits demonstrates the ongoing advances in understanding driven by investigation of marine minerals.     

试论内蒙古狼山式（型）铅锌矿床成矿地质分析

热水喷流-沉积型铅锌矿床多产于古大陆边缘或陆间裂陷槽中;巨厚沉积物堆积与强烈还原环境是该类型矿床形成的前提。泥岩-细碎屑岩型（SEDEX型）及海相火山岩型（VMS型）铅-锌矿床虽具块状硫化物矿石,硫化铁矿物含量都很高,但二者产出的地质背景有明显不同。前者是冒地槽或陆相浅海环境,大量泥砂堆积;后者则是优地槽环境,伴随钙碱系列或拉斑玄武的海底火山活动。文章通过对狼山成矿带上各典型矿床成矿特征的研究和总结后认为：狼山多金属成矿带的各赋矿次级盆地是华北古陆边缘拉张条件下具有还原性质的海相裂谷盆地,矿床具有明显的层控与岩控特征,并且同生断裂活动及其对成矿的控制作用,喷流成矿过程中的同沉积期火山活动特点都比较明显,说明狼山成矿带上典型矿床成矿作用与成矿动力来源的多样性、复杂性和独特性,对在该区找矿具有一定指导意义。     

伊犁盆地沉积建造特征及其与砂岩型铀矿的关系

从古构造、古地理重塑入手,系统分析伊犁盆地各沉积时期的沉积建造特征,并探讨其与砂岩型铀矿的关系。研究表明,伊犁盆地双基底建造形成了盆地的富铀基底,盆地早—中侏罗世在弱伸展环境下形成的暗色含煤碎屑岩建造成为盆地的含矿建造形成期,盆地晚白垩世—新近纪在弱挤压环境下形成的红色碎屑岩建造有利于铀的后生改造富集成矿。经统计分析表明,伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿化与含矿层的沉积相类型、单层砂体厚度及岩性结构等建造特征密切相关。     

Transects of the ancient and modern continental margins of eastern Canada

Rocks of the west flank of the northern Appalachian Orogen (miogeocline) record the history of the late Precambrian-early Paleozoic passive continental margin of Eastern North America. The ancient margin was destroyed by ophiolite obduction and arc collision during the Ordovician Taconic Orogeny. The present sinuous form of the miogeocline is interpreted to reflect ancient promontories and re-entrants of a previous orthogonal margin bounded by rifts and transforms.Four major terranes are recognized east of the miogeocline in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. From west to east, these are the Dunnage, Gander, Avalon and Meguma. The Dunnage and Gander terranes were linked to the miogeocline during the Middle Ordovician Taconian Orogeny. The Avalon terrane arrived later, possibly during the mid-Paleozoic Acadian Orogeny. The Meguma terrane of southern Nova Scotia had docked with the Avalon terrane by Carboniferous time. The Dunnage terrane contains arc volcanics which lie above an ophiolitic substrate. The Gander terrane comprises a thick sequence of clastic sedimentary rocks, underlain by basement rocks with continental affinities. It has been interpreted as a continental margin, perhaps once on the eastern side of the Paleozoic Iapetus ocean. The Avalon terrane consists of belts of sedimentary and volcanic rocks which are probably underlain by Grenvillian basement. Its tectonic affinities are unclear. The Meguma terrane comprises a thick sequence of sediments, derived from the south-east. It is found only in southeastern Atlantic Canada. The boundaries between terranes are compressional in the west and steep, transcurrent faults in the east.The surface extent of the geological terranes is grossly correlative with deep structural zones, although no direct evidence exists for linking the two because most surface structures can be traced geophysically to only a few kilometres depth. A striking feature of the deep crustal structure is a lower, high velocity crustal layer beneath the Dunnage and Gander terranes.The modern margin of Atlantic Canada developed by rifting and by transform motion between adjacent continents. Stretching and thinning of the lithosphere, and the consequent production of basaltic magma that in places intrudes or underplates the thinned continental crust, are the most likely processes responsible for the evolution of the modern margin. These processes predict the observed deep sedimentary basins along the margin, the thinning of continental crust, and the high seismic velocities found within the ocean-continent transition zones.Rifting adjacent to Nova Scotia began in Late Triassic-Early Jurassic time between the present African and North American plates. These plate motions are also responsible for the major transform margin south of the Grand Banks. Separation between Iberia and the eastern Grand Banks occurred in mid-Cretaceous time, before the Late Cretaceous opening of the Labrador Sea. While the rifted segments of the margin exhibit deep sedimentary basins and thinned continental crust, the Grand Banks transform segment is characterized by a sharp transition zone and a relatively thin sediment cover. Numerous volcanic seamounts are built on the ocean crust adjacent to this transform segment.Mimicry of Paleozoic promontories and re-entrants by modern rift and transform margin segments, the location of Mesozoic sedimentary basins on ancestral Appalachian structures, and the reactivation and propagation of major Precambrian and Paleozoic structural boundaries during the latest phase of ocean opening attest to ancestral controls of the modern margins.The rift phase of both the ancient and modern passive margins is characterized by volcanism, mafic dike intrusion and by the development of basins filled with clastic sediments. The drift phase of both the ancient margin and the present Nova Scotia margin is marked by a change in sedimentary environment, such that carbonates replaced the rift phase clastic sediments. Two of the markers used to delineate the ancient ocean-continent transition zone; carbonate banks and steep gravity anomaly gradients, should be used with caution as the modern analogs of these markers may lie 100 km or more of this transition zone. Furthermore, it is naive to view the ancient transition as simple and narrow, for the modern margins exhibits complex transition zones between 30 and 300 km wide.In general, the evolution of the ancient and modern passive margins appear to be remarkably similar. Predictably, closing the present Atlantic will mimic the evolution of the Appalachian Orogen.     

Geochemical Features and Geodynamic Settings of the Formation of Cretaceous Terrigenous Rocks of the West Sakhalin Terrane

The geochemical composition of Cretaceous terrigenous rocks of the West Sakhalin terrane is analyzed and their paleogeodynamic interpretation is suggested. It is revealed that the rocks are characterized by the low maturity of clastic material. They contain fragments of both volcanomictic and sialic material and in composition correspond to graywackes, being petrogenic or “first cycle” rocks. The geochemical data were generalized and interpreted on the basis of their comparison with compositions of the present-day and ancient rocks formed in known geodynamic settings. The obtained results indicate that terrigenous rocks of the terrane were formed in a pull-apart basin at an active continental margin. The source area, which supplied clastic material in this sedimentation basin during the Berriasian–Danian, included a sialic land made up of granite-metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and the mature (deeply dissected) ensialic Moneron–Samarga island arc, which was accreted to the continental margin at the moment of basin initiation. Sediments were accumulated in general along the continent–ocean boundary against the background of large-scale sinistral transform strike-slip movements of the Izanagi Plate relative to the Eurasian continent.     

古老造山带洋板块地层*

重点分析和总结了由前寒武纪增生复合体和造山带混杂岩重建的古老造山带洋板块地层,包括由英国威尔士安格尔西岛新元古代莫纳超群混杂岩重建的太平洋洋板块地层、由澳大利亚西北部皮尔巴拉早太古代克里夫维尔绿岩带重建的古印度洋洋板块地层。澳大利亚东皮尔巴拉地块大理石坝地区早太古代玄武岩-硅质岩-碎屑岩序列与日本二叠纪-三叠纪洋板块地层在岩石组成和地球化学特征方面具有高度的相似性,这一认识将为早太古代洋板块地层的沉积环境从高热流洋脊扩张区经过热点向低热流海沟陆源碎屑沉积区转变这一过程提供有力支持。从增生造山带洋板块地层保存的岩石记录看,不同年代洋板块地层的主要物质组成和岩石类型相似,因此在地球38亿年的演化进程中,洋壳扩张、海洋沉积、俯冲及增生的过程并没有显著变化;但随着时间推移,年轻造山带洋板块性质和洋板块地层组成与古老造山带相比,可能会发生一些变化。就古老造山带洋板块地层而言,前寒武纪的地幔温度略高,太古代局部熔融显著,熔融量大大超过洋壳扩张速率,因而没有形成席状岩墙群。     

塔西南缘沉积岩层控型铅-锌矿带区域构造控矿作用

新疆喀什—叶城一带层控沉积岩型铅-锌矿床沿着塔西南缘分布,受区域性的克孜勒陶断裂带控制,成矿作用与区域构造的时空演化密切相关。早古生代末,原特提斯洋封闭使昆仑地体拼贴于塔里木地台南缘,并沉积了一套泥盆系陆相碎屑岩。石炭纪中昆仑以南的古特提斯洋的活动,使塔里木南西边缘形成了陆内裂陷沉积（形成火山块状硫化物矿床）和克拉通边缘拗陷盆地沉积,后者形成了台地边缘相沉积的碎屑岩-碳酸盐,覆于泥盆系之上,构成本区铅-锌矿层位。随着古特提斯在石炭纪末向北消减,二叠纪塔里木地台南缘遭受南北挤压,三叠纪时期处于隆起剥蚀状态,造成盆地构造向隆起造山之间的构造转化。侏罗纪在推覆体前缘下盘形成含煤盆地,后缘出现拉张性盆地。在这种张性和压性构造应力的反复作用下,形成开放环境的宏观破裂构造;在褶皱变动和断裂变动过程,大气降水渗入地层,萃取成矿元素并在构造作用过程中迁移,在发生温度下降、含矿热液稀释、pH增高、氧逸度降低等介质条件变化时,成矿元素沉淀,形成改造作用明显的铅-锌矿床。