白银矿田含矿围岩蚀变特征及其意义

对北祁连加里东褶皱带中白银矿田成矿蚀变岩的研究表明,蚀变岩筒具有明显的分带性：中心部位是绿泥石化带,汉发泥石＋石英＋黄铁矿组合为特征;其外是绢云母硅化带,以绢云母＋石英＋黄铁矿组合为特征,最外则是蚀变带或弱蚀变带。岩石化学上,随着蚀变作用增强,ＭｇＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ、ＦｅＯ增加,而Ｎａ２Ｏ降低;白银矿田成矿系列中Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ型到Ｃｕ－Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ型、Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ－Ｃｕ型矿床,绿泥石中ＭｇＯ、Ｓｉ２Ｏ和降低趋势。     

四川石棉西部碳酸盐岩中金矿床的地质特征和控矿规律

四川石棉西部碳酸盐岩中的金矿床产于泥盆系中统,受层间蚀变破碎带控制。围岩蚀变类型有硅化、碳酸盐化和绢云母化。矿石矿物组分为黄铁矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和Ａｕ－Ａｇ系列矿物,具Ａｕ－Ｃｕ－Ａｇ－Ｐｂ－ＳＡｓ－Ｓｂ－Ｂｉ的元素组合,并一定的垂直分带规律。其成因类型为地下热卤水型。矿床受地层、岩性和断裂的控制明显。并阐明了金矿床的成矿过程和勘查准则。     

江西岩背斑岩锡矿蚀变分带及其主要蚀变岩的地球化学特征

通过对野外１１条勘探线剖面，７２个钻孔岩心的地质编录和室内５００多块薄片的系统观察，将岩背锡矿围岩蚀变自下而上划分为三个蚀变带，即黄玉石英化带，绿泥石黄玉石英化带和绢云母石英化带，并对各蚀变带主要蚀变岩进行了系统的岩石化学，微量元素和稀土元素的研究结果表明，蚀变岩氟含量很高，热液中氟的存在有利于Ｓｎ，Ｗ，Ｃｕ及ＲＥＥ的迁移和富集，含氟流体是导致蚀变岩Ｓｎ，Ｗ，Ｃｕ的富集和ＲＥＥ含量增加的主要因素，     

甘肃北山黄尖丘—跃进山蚀变岩型金矿特征,找矿标志及成矿预测

甘肃北山地区是我国金矿的重要找矿地区和潜在的黄金资源基地,蚀变岩型金矿是本区主要类型,金矿化带受近东西向逆冲推覆构造控制,金矿床产于三组不同方向断裂组产汇部位,赋矿地层是奥陶－志留系下岩组,海西期花岗岩与地层的接触带及外接触带对金成矿十分有利,围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绢云母化,黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化,化探异常的元素组合为Ａｕ,Ａｇ,Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ａｓ,Ｓｂ,Ｍｏ。黄尖丘,二道井、１９－２１号     

甘肃省肃北县乌龙泉金矿地质特征及成因探讨

乌龙泉金矿位于塔里木板块敦煌元古代隆起,小西弓—帐房山华里西—印支期金钨成矿带上,矿区已发现的金矿体产于古元古代敦煌岩群绢云石英片岩和变安山岩之间断裂破碎带中。断裂是成矿最主要的控制因素,沿断裂破碎带有含金石英脉充填。矿区岩浆活动频繁,具有多期性特点,多呈NWW向分布于矿区的南、北两侧。矿床具黄铁矿化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、绢云母化、绿泥石化及高岭土化、碳酸盐化等中低温热液蚀变组合,初步认为该矿床为岩浆热液+石英脉型金矿。     

河南熊耳山干树金矿成矿作用与围岩蚀变特征

干树金矿是河南熊耳山矿集区内的构造蚀变岩型金矿,矿区的金矿体主要赋存在构造蚀变岩带内,且与多阶段的热液活动密切相关。深源的含金成矿流体沿深大断裂向上运移,在温度、压力控制下,在构造的有利部位与围岩发生交代作用,形成多种围岩蚀变和金矿化。其中,硅化、绢云母化、黄铁绢英岩化、钾化与金矿化关系密切;围岩蚀变具有水平分带和垂直分带特征:从中心向两侧,蚀变依次为黄铁绢英岩化→石英绢云母化→钾化→绢云母化→绿泥石化,金品位呈逐步降低的分布规律;从地表向深部,则出现蚀变为褐铁矿化-高岭土化-硅化-碳酸盐化-绢云母化-钾化-黄铁矿化-黄铁绢云岩化,金品位呈由低转高的变化趋势。     

福建上杭紫金山铜金矿床控岩控矿构造分析

紫金山铜金矿床的形成与构造作用关系十分密切；NE向梅造控制了燕山早期花岗岩的展市，NE与KW向构造结点控制了紫金山火山机构以及中酸性浅成一超浅成岩体。隐爆角砾岩受NW向断裂、裂隙带控制；紫金山矿区的石英-绢云母蚀变主要受区域构造一岩浆活动的控制。石英-地开石、石英-明矾石蚀变与救火山热液作用有关．主要受NW向断裂和裂隙密集带控制，紫金山矿区的铜金矿化带和矿体明显受断裂构造、火山构造的双重控制。成矿作用以裂隙充填交代方式为主．含矿裂隙带在走向和倾向上皆呈右行侧列：紫金山矿床的铜金成矿活动与燕山晚期的火山-构造活动有关。     

黑龙江金厂金矿区火山构造及其控矿特征

金厂矿区化类型主要有隐爆角砾岩型、构造蚀变岩型和黄铁矿及多金属硫化物细脉充填型，与其相对应的容矿构造分别为隐爆角砾岩筒，断裂和环状、放射状断裂。其中隐爆角砾岩筒和环状、放射状断裂是印支期花岗岩和燕山中－晚期闪长玢岩岩浆活动时伴生的火山－次火山构造,岩浆期后含矿热液充填其中并发生蚀变交代，形成了隐爆角砾岩型矿体及由黄铁矿－石英脉和多金属硫化物－石英脉充填的环状、放射状矿体。     

安徽张八岭构造带小庙山金矿容矿裂构造地球化学研究

张八岭构造带金矿包括蚀变构造岩型和石英脉型两类，两种类型金矿均完全受断裂控制，张八岭构造带内小庙山金矿断裂构造地球化学研究作用，蚀变构造岩型金矿容矿断裂构造分带良好，成矿元素组合为Fe,Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,Ag,Mn,Th,V等，为带入组份，相斥组份有Na2O,CaO,SiO2,Ba和Sr，以及K，构造强度与SiO2,K2O,Na2O,CaO呈明显负相关，为蚀变反应的生成物组份，从构造带中迁出，其中K部分为斜长石蚀变矿物绢云母接纳，构造活动越强，成矿元素越富，相斥元素迁出量越多，反映了构造活动－蚀变作用－成矿作用三位一体的特征。石英脉型金矿容矿断裂缺乏构造分带，成矿元素组合为K，As,Rb,Au等，无明显组份带出，两种类型金矿断裂构造地球化学的差异是它们成矿机理不同的结果，蚀变构造岩型金矿成矿作用与蚀变反应有关。成矿流体化学环境的变化是导致Au的沉淀主要因素，石英脉型金矿Au的沉淀主要原因是成矿流体物理环境的显著改变。     

五台山绿岩带东腰庄金矿成矿地质特征及控矿因素浅析

在五台山绿岩带中的东腰庄金矿,发责问分容矿绢云母石英（片）岩实为变质基性岩（变质辉绿岩－辉绿玢岩或安山玢岩）岩床在五台期构造作用下发生强烈的剪切变形和变质热液蚀变的产物。说明以绢云母石英（片）岩作为容矿围岩的东腰庄金矿,确有部分为变质基性岩在含金剪切带中发生热液蚀变的后生成因。矿床的形成和矿质的富集受剪切变形机制控制明显,并与区域构造背景有着密切的关系。     

Comparative Study of Gacun and Youre Silver–Lead–Zinc–Copper Deposits in Sichuan, SW China, and their Mineralization Significance

The large Gacun silver–lead–zinc–copper deposit in Sichuan Province is one of the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide(VMS) deposits in China. The deposit consists of western and central ore bodies, which form a vein–stockwork mineralization system corresponding to hydrothermal channels, and eastern ore bodies, which form an exhalative chemical sedimentary system derived from a brine pool in a submarine basin. The Youre lead–zinc deposit, which is currently under exploration and lies adjacent to the southern part of the Gacun deposit, is characterized by intense silicification and vein–stockwork structures and consists of massive silicified rhyolitic volcanics, banded rhyolitic tuff, and phyllitic sericite tuff. From a comparison of their ore-bearing horizons, the Gacun and Youre deposits have a continuous and stable hanging wall(calcareous slate and overlying andesite) and foot wall(rhyolite–dacite breccia and agglomerate), and the lithologic sequence includes lower intermediate to felsic rocks and upper felsic rocks. Thus, the Youre deposit, which comprises relatively thinly layered low–grade ore, is regarded as forming a southward extension of the Gacun deposit. A further comparison of the structures of the ore-bearing belts between the two deposits suggests that the Youre ore bodies are similar to the western ore bodies of the Gacun deposit. Moreover, the characteristics of fluid inclusions and stable isotopes in the Youre deposit are also similar to those of the western ore bodies of the Gacun deposit. Genetic models of the deposits are proposed for the Gacun–Youre ore district, and massive concealed ore bodies may occcur in the Youre deposit at depths that are similar to those of the eastern ore bodies of the Gacun deposit.     

新疆昭苏卡拉盖雷铜金矿床成矿地质背景探讨

卡拉盖雷火山岩型热液铜金矿床位于新疆西天山那拉提构造带境内西段, 赋矿地层为下石炭统大哈拉军山组, 含矿岩石主要为玄武质凝灰岩、浅变质岩及隐爆角砾岩。矿体产于隐爆角砾岩筒及构造破碎带裂隙或片理、劈理微裂隙中。硅化、绿泥石化和电气石化是高品位矿石的蚀变标志。岩石地球化学研究表明, 区内大哈拉军山组火山岩以钙碱性系列为主, 含部分拉斑玄武岩系列, 富集LREE和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、K), 相对亏损HREE和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P), 具有大陆火山弧亲缘性。综合伊犁—中天山板块南缘的构造演化特征, 认为矿区大哈拉军山组火山岩产于板块俯冲-碰撞后期较成熟的大陆火山弧环境。     

Hydrothermal alteration and sulfide mineralization in gabbroids of the Markov Deep (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 6° N)

A new type of sulfide occurrence related to metasomatically altered brecciated gabbroids has been studied at the Sierra Leone site situated in the axial rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Markov Deep, 6° N). Two associations of plutonic, subvolcanic, and volcanic rocks were dredged: (1) mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and their intrusive analogues and (2) rocks of the silicic Fe-Ti-oxide series with dominating gabbronorites and sporadic trondhjemites. Almost all igneous rocks at the Sierra Leone site are enriched in Pb, Cu, U, Ga, Ta, Nb, Cs, and Rb and depleted in Zr, Th, and Hf. The rocks of the Fe-Ti-oxide series are enriched in Zn, Sn, and Mo and depleted in Ni and Cr. The main ore-bearing zone is situated at the foot of the eastern wall of the deep, where it is hosted in cataclastic hornblende gabbro and gabbronorite of the Fe-Ti-oxide series. Ore mineralization in metasomatically altered rocks is composed of quartz-sulfide and prehnite-sulfide veinlets, disseminated sulfide, and veined copper sulfide ore. The ore consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, bornite, chalcocite, and digenite. The δ³⁴S value of sulfides varies from 3.0 to 15.3‰. At the foot of the eastern wall of the Markov Deep, directly downslope from the ore-bearing zone, loose sediments contain grains of native Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sn and intermetallic compounds (isoferroplatinum, tetraferroplatinum, and brass) apparently derived from the ore. Mineral assemblages of ore-bearing metasomatic rocks and fluid inclusions therein were studied. Ore metasomatism developed under a low oxygen potential within a temperature interval from 400 to 160°C, though initial hydrothermal alteration of rocks proceeded at temperatures of 800–450°C. The temperature of stringer-disseminated ore mineralization is estimated at 170–280°C. The hydrothermal fluids are considered to be of magmatic origin; as the hydrothermal system evolved, they became diluted with seawater that was contained in fractured oceanic crust. The ore matter could have been derived from magmatic fluids that were released from water-saturated melts of the Fe-Ti oxide series during their ascent and leached from host gabbroids in the process of metasomatic alteration.     

Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Duobuza Gold‐Rich Porphyry Copper District in the Bangongco Metallogenetic Belt,Northwestern Tibet

The Duobuza gold‐rich porphyry copper district is located in the Bangongco metallogenetic belt in the Bangongco‐Nujiang suture zone south of the Qiangtang terrane. Two main gold‐rich porphyry copper deposits (Duobuza and Bolong) and an occurrence (135 Line) were discovered in the district. The porphyry‐type mineralization is associated with three Early Cretaceous ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyries at Duobuza, 135 Line and Bolong, and is hosted by volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Middle Jurassic Yanshiping Formation and intermediate‐acidic volcanic rocks of the Early Cretaceous Meiriqie Group. Simultaneous emplacement and isometric distribution of three ore‐forming porphyries is explained as multi‐centered mineralization generated from the same magma chamber. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs in the porphyries and at the contact zone with wall rocks. Four main hypogene alteration zones are distinguished at Duobuza. Early‐stage alteration is dominated by potassic alteration with extensive secondary biotite, K‐feldspar and magnetite. The alteration zone includes dense magnetite and quartz‐magnetite veinlets, in which Cu‐Fe‐bearing sulfides are present. Propylitic alteration occurs in the host basic volcanic rocks. Extensive chloritization‐silicification with quartz‐chalcopyrite or quartz‐molybdenite veinlets superimposes on the potassic alteration. Final‐stage argillic alteration overlaps on all the earlier alteration. This alteration stage is characterized by destruction of feldspar to form illite, dickite and kaolinite, with accompanying veinlets of quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite and quartz + pyrite assemblages. Cu coexists with Au, which indicates their simultaneous precipitation. Mass balance calculations show that ore‐forming elements are strongly enriched during the above‐mentioned three alteration stages.     

新疆东天山康古尔金矿控矿构造特征

作者通过构造控矿分析发现,康古尔金矿是受一韧性挤压带控制的中低温岩浆-变质热液型金矿床。成矿作用与控矿韧性挤压带从韧性向脆、韧性变形演化密切相关。本文具体分析了控矿构造类型和构造演化对矿化的控制程序以及矿体定位机制,建立了构造成矿模式指出了找矿方向。      

新疆小石头泉铜多金属矿床地质特征、找矿前景

小石头泉矿区主含矿层为下石炭统雅满苏组第二亚组，火山穹隆及伴生断裂为主要的控矿构造。矿区含矿火山岩组合属岛弧钙碱性－拉斑玄武岩系列，不具备形成火山成因的块状硫化物矿床的条件。小石头泉铜多金属矿床可归属为与次火山热液有关的脉状铜铅锌银多金属矿床，矿田矿化带规模宏大，具备形成大型矿床的地质条件，矿区外围中酸性侵入岩体具有形成斑岩铜矿的地质条件。     

Implications of Pb isotope signatures of rocks and iron oxide Cu-Au ores in the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district,Chile

Lead isotope ratios of ores of the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre iron oxide Cu-Au deposits and associated Early Cretaceous volcanic and batholithic rocks have been determined. For the igneous rocks, a whole-rock acid attack technique based on the separate analyses of a leachate and the residual fraction of a sample was used. The lead isotope systematics of leachate–residue pairs are significantly different for unaltered and altered igneous rocks of the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district. Residues of unaltered igneous rocks likely represent the common lead. In contrast, residues of all the altered igneous rocks except two samples have higher Pb isotope ratios than those of unaltered magmatic rocks and cannot represent common lead. We suggest that this is a result of the hydrothermal alteration suffered by these rocks and that the common lead composition of the altered igneous (volcanic and plutonic) rocks must have been similar to that of the unaltered batholith rocks. The conclusion that the altered volcanic rocks originally had a similar common lead isotope composition as the batholith is consistent with geological and geochemical arguments (e.g., setting, regional geologic evolution, ages and relative distribution of volcanic and intrusive rocks, magmatic affinities), which indicate that these rocks were derived from similar Early Cretaceous parent magmas. The modification of the leachate–residue pair lead isotope systematics of most altered igneous rocks is consistent with a selective removal of lead and uranium from these rocks by an oxidized hydrothermal fluid. The result of the hydrothermal leaching has been to alter magmatic rocks in a way that (1) their leachable fraction is presently a mix of common lead similar to that of the ore event and of radiogenic lead evolved from a source with a consistently high Th/U, and that (2) their residual fraction has less common lead than unaltered rocks. The outcrop area with altered volcanic rocks displaying anomalously high lead isotope ratios extends over 25 km along the eastern margin of the batholith. Since lead of the ores in the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district has the same isotopic composition as the common lead of unaltered magmatic rocks of the area, the lead isotope data are consistent with a derivation of the ore lead (and by inference of other metals like Cu) both directly from a magmatic fluid exsolved during crystallization of the batholith and/or from hydrothermal leaching of the volcanic rocks originally having similar isotopic compositions as the batholith.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

新疆和静县查岗诺尔铁矿床FeⅠ矿体围岩蚀变特征

新疆和静县查岗诺尔铁矿床位于伊犁微板块北缘之博洛科努早古生代岛弧带,属于阿吾拉勒金、铜、铅、锌、铁成矿带东段。矿区出露地层主要为下石炭统大哈拉军山组火山岩和上石炭统伊什基里克组火山岩,两者为断层接触关系。由于成矿矿浆的多期次活动,查岗诺尔铁矿广泛发育围岩蚀变,形成沿断裂带分布的带状蚀变带。通过研究发现,矿床主矿体FeⅠ号主矿体的围岩蚀变情况,按不同蚀变矿物组合,自东向西可分出石榴石带、绿帘石-阳起石带、阳起石-磁铁矿带、蚀变大理岩带和阳起石带,对应三期蚀变作用。各阶段的矿物共生组合分别为：磁铁矿＋透辉石＋石榴石、磁铁矿＋阳起石＋绿帘石、磁铁矿-石榴石-阳起石-绿帘石-石英-碳酸盐。矿区蚀变是由高、中温火山热液交代中酸性火山碎屑岩而形成。     

广东长坑金银矿床氧同位素组成特征及矿床成因讨论

通过对长坑金银矿床16线部分钻孔进行较系统的氧同位素分析,发现岩石的δ¹⁸O值有自矿体下部（银矿体）向浅部（金矿体）、自矿体中心向围岩逐渐增大的趋势。全岩δ¹⁸O值的这种变化,与围岩蚀变强度减弱的方向一致。据此以及本区成矿元素的分带特征,结合近年提出的花岗岩原地重熔说所阐明的成矿元素分带规律,提出长坑金银矿床应为岩浆热液矿床、成矿热液流体应来自深部隐伏花岗岩的见解,并指出在银矿体的下部有寻找铅锌铜矿床的可能性。     

Geochemical behavior during mineralization and alteration events in the Baiyinchang volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits,Gansu Province,China

The Zheyaoshan deposit is the largest within the Baiyinchang (BYC) volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) district, located in the northern Qilian orogenic belt of North China. The deposit is hosted by quartz keratophyre tuffs, with wall-rock alteration mainly comprising chlorite, sericite, quartz, pyrite and epidote. Mineral assemblages within the altered host rocks can be divided into a sericite-quartz-dominant assemblage (sericite-silicified zone), a chlorite-dominant assemblage (chlorite-dominant zone) and a pyrite-dominant assemblage (mineralized zone) based on geochemical analysis and alteration characteristics. We have conducted detailed processing and critical analysis of the geochemical data of both the altered and least-altered host rocks in order to investigate the problem of closure in the geochemical dataset to eliminate the influence that each component has on the other in terms of mass change, and have applied the standardized method of the mass change calculation to analyze this data. The results show that: (1) the sericite-silicified zone formed along fissures due to the ingress of hydrothermal fluids, with MnO₂, Na₂O and CaO being mobilized into the hydrothermal fluids leached and MgO, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, K₂O, BaO deposited. Additionally, Ag, Cu and chalcophile elements (Ag, As and Bi) were enriched while Pb, Zn and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (Cs, Sr, Eu, Be) were mobilized into hydrothermal fluids; (2) the physiochemical conditions and pH levels of the hydrothermal fluids changed during sericitization, with MgO, Fe₂O₃, BaO being further enriched and MnO, Na₂O, CaO further depleted, leading to formation of chlorite and the initial precipitation of metallogenic the (Cu, Zn, Pb) and chalcophile elements (Ag, As, Bi); (3) the negative Eu anomaly was mainly due to its strong activity when Eu is mobilized into the hydrothermal fluids during since plagioclase break-down during the sericite-silicification process; (4) AI and CCPI values gradually increase towards the orebody. The chlorite-dominant assemblage and sericite-quartz-dominant assemblage on the periphery of the chlorite-dominant zone can all be used as vectors towards the volcanic massive sulfide orebody and for regional-scale mineral exploration. Either leached elements or enriched elements can be considered as significant indicator elements and as prospective indicators for geochemical exploration within the BYC district. The Eu anomaly may be especially useful as an indicator for distinguishing the least-altered rocks which has great significance for exploration on the regional scale.