鄂尔多斯盆地南部店头地区直罗组砂岩成岩演化与铀成矿

通过鄂尔多斯盆地南部店头地区含矿砂岩的普通薄片观察、薄片染色、阴极发光、扫描电镜及能谱分析、电子探针、全岩及粘土矿物X衍射、流体包裹体等分析,对研究区直罗组含矿砂岩成岩作用进行了较全面的研究,探讨了成岩演化与铀成矿的关系。研究认为,直罗组砂岩成岩环境经历了由酸性到碱性再到酸性、由同生期氧化→浅埋期弱还原→短暂抬升期弱氧化→深埋期还原增强→大幅度抬升期氧化还原过渡的演化过程,该过程控制着铀离子的迁移、聚集以及最终的定位。该砂岩型铀矿形成于盆地埋藏成岩作用晚期（相当于表生作用阶段）相对埋藏较浅的氧化一还原过渡带。     

伊犁盆地南缘有机-无机流体耦合铀成矿作用

伊犁盆地是中国西北部重要的产铀盆地,虽然前人对其成矿流体进行过较为系统的研究,但成矿流体的组分、来源等依然存在较大分歧,尤其是该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段对含矿层砂岩蚀变特征进行系统分析,并通过分析流体包裹体特征、流体-围岩相互作用形成的蚀变矿物中稳定同位素的组成特征及该区构造演化特征,对有机-无机流体耦合铀成矿作用进行示踪。研究表明：该区流体包裹体主要含有气烃包裹体、液烃包裹体和盐水包裹体;与砂岩型铀矿有关的蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化,其中黏土化以高岭石化为主;高岭石δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW 为11.8‰～13.7‰,δD_V-SMOW 为-93‰～-48.3‰,与高岭石平衡流体的δ¹⁸O_{（水）V-SMOW}为-10.3‰ ～-5.1‰ ; 方解石胶结物δ¹³C^V-PDB 为-18.2‰ ～-7.2‰ , δ¹⁸O_V-PDB 为-14.5‰ ～-5.8‰ ,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW 为15.9‰～24.9‰;黄铁矿δ³⁴S_V-CDT为-32.21‰～1.2‰。上述特征揭示,伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水（无机）和煤系地层有机质热演化脱羧基作用产生的有机酸及伴生的CH₄ 等还原性气体（有机）两部分组成,铀矿体与蚀变矿物皆是有机-无机流体混合及其与周围砂岩相互作用的结果,且此过程伴有微生物的参与。     

楚雄盆地六苴铜矿床容矿砂岩孔隙演化对成矿的制约

六苴铜矿床是典型的陆相红层盆地砂岩型铜矿床, 具有明显的浅紫过渡带控矿与金属矿物分带特征, 砂岩粒间孔隙为金属矿物主要赋存空间。通过对赋矿砂岩层各岩性段的碎屑含量、颗粒分选性、胶结物特征、孔隙类型及孔隙度、渗透率等的统计与分析, 结果表明, 上白垩统马头山组六苴下亚段(K₁ml1)的中细粒长石石英砂岩具有高碎屑含量、低分选系数、高孔渗系数等特征, 为有效的流体迁移通道。K₁ml1砂岩层局部含丰富的有机质, 在中成岩阶段可演化为烃源岩, 形成富有机质的酸性-还原流体。该流体与碱性-氧化流体在砂岩透水通道中形成稳定对流, 在砂岩中可形成由紫到浅的铁质、钙镁质、钙硅质、硅质胶结的胶结物分带。在水-岩相互作用中, 酸性-还原流体起溶解砂岩早期的铁质、泥晶碳酸盐胶结物及还原硫酸盐的作用, 由此形成粒间孔隙并提供还原硫, 从而为矿质沉淀提供空间和硫源;碱性-氧化流体则提供铜离子并控制金属硫化物、碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀。生烃作用减弱时, 碱性-氧化流体越过稳定对流的平衡面, 使硅质胶结的浅色砂岩溶蚀, 形成溶蚀孔洞, 进一步提供容矿空间, 并导致金属矿物发生交代作用。砂岩各成岩阶段的水-岩相互作用是控制孔隙和胶结物生成及矿质沉淀的主要因素。     

巴音戈壁盆地塔木素铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用类型、演化序列及其对铀成矿的约束

勘查和研究发现部分砂岩型铀矿床中不仅有表生氧化流体作用还存在深部流体的参与,这类砂岩型铀矿床蚀变类型多样且成因复杂.塔木素砂岩型铀矿表生流体和深部流体活动都很明显,砂岩普遍固结且后生蚀变类型独特,因此,恢复成岩成矿事件及其演化过程,对揭示铀沉淀富集机理至关重要.本文通过镜下鉴定、电子探针、扫描电镜分析等,系统研究了塔木素矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用特征与后生蚀变矿物生成序列,重塑了成岩成矿事件的演化过程.研究结果显示,塔木素矿床砂岩中压实作用较弱而胶结作用很强,重结晶作用普遍,是造成目的层致密的主要原因,赤铁矿、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、石膏化是该地区主要的胶结类型.将该地区的成岩演化划分为沉积-早成岩阶段、早期氧化流体作用阶段、热流体改造阶段和晚期氧化流体弱改造阶段.成岩环境由弱碱性向酸性环境转变的过程中的氧化还原过渡部位是造成铀沉淀的关键,大规模的氧化作用是矿床形成的基础,后期热流体活动对早期形成的低品位铀矿石进行叠加改造,是成矿的关键环节.     

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿床地质及S、Pb同位素地球化学

西南天山新生代山前盆地中的伽师铜矿是新疆近年发现和开发的一个重要的砂岩型铜矿,矿体产于古近系灰白色含岩屑钙质细砂岩中,呈与地层整合的板状、层状。矿石中硫化物主要为辉铜矿,矿体深部出现斑铜矿,极少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等,硫化物多交代砂岩中胶结物或碎屑颗粒形成胶结结构,矿石发育稀疏浸染状、团块状、结核状等多种构造。矿石的硫同位素δ³⁴S_V-CDT在-33.4‰~-24.6‰之间。矿石的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.376~18.607、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.612~15.655、 ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.475~38.747。铜的硫化物矿化表现为含铜盆地流体(地下水)交代砂岩而沉淀,铜矿体形成于古近系细砂岩成岩晚期,矿石硫来源于细菌还原硫酸盐,矿石铅同位素组成指示成矿金属元素来自沉积盆地周围的蚀源区。     

松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿碳氧同位素特征及铀成矿意义

为进一步探讨松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿的成岩环境、铀沉淀机制及成矿机理,通过钻井岩心观察,岩石薄片,含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素分析,对研究区砂岩岩石类型、碳酸盐胶结物类型、成岩阶段以及碳、氧同位素特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:含铀砂岩岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,碳酸盐胶结物可分为3个期次,以第一和第二期次为主,胶结物包括方解石、铁方解石,见极少量含铁白云石。δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-22.45‰～-13.65‰,平均值为-18.33‰,δ~(18)O_(PDB)值为-17.56‰～-9.46‰,平均值为-13.52‰,揭示有一定有机质参与;古盐度Z值介于75.98～90.97之间,为淡水沉积;古温度介于67.31～94.92℃之间,结合以上岩石特征、胶结物类型及成岩作用判定成岩环境处于早成岩—中成岩阶段A期。综合分析认为:早成岩阶段砂岩的压实、胶结作用使含铀砂岩孔隙度减小,抑制含氧富铀流体运移;随着成岩作用进行,埋藏深度增加,有机质成熟度升高发生热脱羧基作用,与压实作用产生的吸附水形成酸性溶液对长石、碳酸盐胶结物等进行溶蚀形成次生孔隙,增大砂岩孔隙度,促进含氧富铀流体下渗运移,下伏油气由断裂向上逸散,为地层提供还原剂,使铀在四方台组底部大规模沉淀和富集。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇原地区环河组下段赋矿砂岩基本特征与铀成矿作用

文章通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地南部镇原地区赋矿砂岩下白垩统环河组下段的沉积学、岩石学、地球化学等基本特征,分析了赋矿砂岩与铀矿形成的关系,旨在促进该地区找矿工作。通过地表调查、钻孔岩心观察、电子显微镜对赋矿砂岩进行观察和鉴定,环河组下段是该区主要的含矿层位,发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲相-湖泊相沉积体系,主要发育棕红色、浅黄色、灰色中细砂岩和灰绿色中砂岩,填隙物主要为碳酸盐和少量高岭石和绿泥石等黏土矿物,见有少量褐铁矿、黄铁矿等;灰色岩系具有较好的还原能力,有利于铀矿的还原成矿。环河组下段NWW—SEE向氧化—还原过渡带控制铀矿化分布,与NE—SW向断裂关系密切。晚白垩世以来,伴随盆地西缘及周缘岩石中的铀顺层向盆地中心发生层间渗入作用,深部油气藏的大规模排烃沿断裂上涌发生油气渗出作用,富氧含铀流体中的铀离子与油气中的还原剂发生强烈的氧化还原作用,导致铀沉淀成矿。     

川中地区茅口组两期流体叠合控制下的白云石化模式

岩相学特征、地化分析揭示:川中地区下二叠统茅口组白云岩存在三种白云石:①平直晶面细晶白云石(δ13C_PDB=3.06‰,δ18O_PDB=-6.81‰;Fe:1×10-6,Mn:未检出,Sr:150×10-6);②非平直晶面粗晶鞍状白云石(δ13C_PDB=3.22‰,δ18O_PDB=-7.82‰;Fe:149×10-6,Mn:185×10-6,Sr:85×10-6);③非平直晶面细晶白云石(δ13C_PDB=3.49‰,δ18O_PDB=-9.45‰;Th=123℃,S=133~139‰NaCl;Fe:58×10-6,Mn:59×10-6,Sr:76×10-6)。研究结果表明存在两期白云石化流体:①早期压实作用形成的埋藏白云石化流体(T=37.4℃;S=29.8‰NaCl);②晚期受构造控制的热液白云石化流体(Th=114.8℃;S=153~226‰NaCl)。明确了三种白云石的成因:平直晶面细晶白云石是由早期埋藏流体交代泥晶基质形成的;非平直晶面细晶白云石是平直晶面细晶白云石在受到热液流体改造后所形成的;而非平直晶面粗晶鞍状白云石则是由热液流体直接沉淀出的。基于研究结果建立了相应的白云化模式。     

二连盆地哈达图铀矿床黏土矿物特征及其与铀成矿关系研究

研究砂岩型铀矿中的黏土矿物可以了解控制该矿床形成的沉积环境、成岩作用和成矿作用等。通过X射线衍射、扫面电镜等手段,对哈达图矿床含矿段赛汉组上段氧化还原带中黏土矿物特征展开研究。结果表明:该地区赛汉组上段岩石中黏土矿物组合主要为伊蒙混层(I/S)和伊利石(I),两者之和平均占黏土矿物总量94%,其中伊/蒙混层平均占61%,伊利石平均占34%,含少量高岭石及绿泥石,未发现蒙皂石;伊/蒙混层主要为完全无序型,是成岩期碱性环境下由蒙皂石转化形成的,高岭石是在成矿期氧化水渗入形成酸性流体作用下形成的,后期部分高岭石转化为伊利石;过渡带黏土总量相对最高,弱氧化带及还原带黏土总量略低,强氧化带黏土总量最低,这是导致强氧化带渗透性相对较高,更易被氧化,过渡带渗透性相对较差,进而成矿的一个重要原因;黏土矿物表面吸附有大量的超显微、显微状铀矿物。     

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区砂岩型铀矿流体作用与成矿

鄂尔多斯盆地北部中侏罗统直罗组富铀砂岩成岩过程复杂,铀成矿并非典型的层间氧化带模式。通过对盆地北部杭锦旗地区矿化砂岩成岩矿物、方解石碳氧同位素、流体包裹体的综合分析,探讨了杭锦旗砂岩型铀矿的流体作用特征与铀成矿过程。结果表明:矿区砂岩遭受碱性渗入水、烃类降解酸性水、碱性热液3种类型流体作用;碱性热液为最晚期的流体活动,亮晶方解石捕获的原生流体包裹体均一温度峰值为140~160℃,盐度为8.00%~16.34%,方解石δ13C明显偏负(-7.1‰~-18.3‰),为有机来源碳参与的高盐度碱性热流体。前人证实盆地北部砂岩型铀矿具有生物成因特征,与热液活动相悖;结合铀元素迁移特征,认为热液活动与微生物还原作用并不矛盾,碱性热液改变了矿区砂岩流体的物理化学环境,稳定络合物的形成对铀元素具有萃取再富集作用;热液活动是富矿流体形成的关键事件,微生物活动在热液活动停止后直接参与铀还原成矿。     

东胜地区直罗组含铀砂岩中方解石的碳氧同位素组成及铀成矿意义

方解石是东胜地区直罗组含铀砂岩中重要的胶结物类型,同时碳酸盐化与铀成矿作用关系密切。通过方解石胶结物岩石学、矿物学、碳氧同位素分析,研究了含铀砂岩中方解石碳氧同位素组成、沉淀机制及铀成矿意义。研究表明,东胜地区砂岩类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩,粘土矿物主要由蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石组成,方解石类型以含铁矿方解石为主,其次为铁方解石。方解石δ~(13)C_(PDB)为-15.7‰~-1.6‰,平均-9.08‰,δ~(18)O_(PDB)为-15.6‰~-10‰,平均-12.4‰,显示其形成与有机酸脱羧作用有关,碳来源为有机碳。碳氧同位素分析数据计算表明,与方解石平衡的水相氧同位素组成变化范围较宽,为-7.66%-9.71‰,推测较轻的同位素组成具有封存大气降水的特征,而较重同位素组成则反映成岩成矿过程中深部富含油气低温热流体的加入。综合分析认为,东胜地区直罗组砂岩中方解石是地表水和深部油气共同作用的结果:早期有机酸促使长石类骨架颗粒溶蚀,形成石英颗粒次生加大边,并伴随着自生高岭石沉淀;后期随着大量烃类注入砂岩中,成岩成矿环境由酸性向碱性转变,还原性增强,介质水中的CO_2与Ca~(2+)圾Fe~(2+)结合形成含铁为特征的方解石,沉淀在原生粒间孔和各类次生溶蚀孔隙中。整个过程都伴随有铀元素运移和沉淀,暗示东胜铀矿床是地表水和深部油气混合作用形成的。     

柴达木盆地北缘平台地区路乐河组沉积环境与成岩流体特征

综合运用岩石学、矿物学以及元素地球化学等理论,对柴达木盆地北缘构造带中段平台地区古近系路乐河组（E₁₊₂）储集岩的岩石学特征、碳酸盐胶结物、黏土矿物以及沉积成岩环境进行分析研究。结果表明:平台地区路乐河组储集岩主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储集岩内颗粒之间以点-线接触关系为主,少量为线接触关系;孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主,其次为粒内溶蚀孔隙;黏土矿物含量较高,平均值达到了21.92%,主要以伊-蒙混层、伊利石、蒙脱石和绿泥石为主,具有明显的蒙皂石向伊-蒙混层转化的特征。碳-氧同位素分析结果显示碳同位素值（δ13C）在-8.87‰~-3.91‰之间,平均为-5.66‰,碳来源主要为脱羧作用的有机质碳和碳酸盐岩中的无机碳,淋滤作用也造成胶结物中δ13C值变低;氧同位素值（δ18O）介于-12.97‰~-8.75‰,平均值为10.68‰,推算其古盐度Z值分布范围在103.79~114.27之间,平均为110.38,碳酸盐沉淀温度分布范围在62.89℃~90.53℃之间,平均为75.20℃;通过全岩的微量元素分析表明,U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co以及Cu/Zn均反映出温暖、湿润的成岩环境,古盐度、Sr/Ba与U值也指向淡水沉积环境,说明平台地区路乐河组储集岩主要形成于温暖湿润的淡水沉积环境之中。     

Diagenetic evolution of clastic reservoirs and its records in fine subsection: significance and application

It was showed that understanding of the diagenetic modifications and its associated products in the deeply to ultra-deeply buried tight sandstone reservoirs (DUDTSR) is great important for reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon prediction. However, the fine characterization of diagenetic evolution via geologic modelling in tight sandstones remains a great challenge as for complexity of lithology, temperature, pressure and formation fluid throughout the entire life cycle of tight sandstone reservoirs. To help get a comprehensive idea of the distribution of diagenetic processes on the formation of DUDTSR in the long geological period, type-I and type-II fine sections of diagenetic stage for clastic reservoirs were creatively proposed and its essence was illustrated using the Paleogene Huagang (E₃H) Formation in the southern Xihu Sag. Through combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods which began with current formation temperature, vitrinite analysis, illite and I/S mixed layers based on analytical testing of the E₃H Formation, (1) Paleotemperature (T), vitrinite reflectivity and smectite in mixed layer during burial processes were restored based on numerical analysis, (2) The accurate division of diagenetic evolution was identified from coarse to fine process using new model, (3) And finally the geological significance of fine division of the conventional diagenetic stage was illustrated for low-porosity and tight sandstone reservoirs.

     

川北砂岩型铀矿稀土元素特征及铀成矿作用

在大量取样分析的基础上 ,本文系统分析研究了围岩、矿石、方解石脉和铀矿物的稀土元素组成 ,讨论了岩石、矿石沉积和成岩过程中的稀土元素变化规律 ,总结了川北砂岩型铀矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征。通过与典型的火山岩型和变质岩型热液成因铀矿床进行对比 ,认为川北砂岩型铀矿具有热液 (水 )改造成矿作用的稀土元素地球化学特点 ;铀矿化经历了沉积成岩和热液改造富集两个阶段。     

石油侵位对碎屑储集岩成岩序列的影响及其与孔隙演化的关系--以塔西南坳陷石炭系石英砂岩为例

塔里木盆地西南坳陷地区的石炭系石英砂岩为一套分布稳定的滨浅海相碎屑岩沉积,在不同地区均具有相似的初始孔隙度。但在成岩期间,由于受构造活动的影响,在塔西南坳陷内部形成了两个重要的次级构造单元,即巴楚隆起区和麦盖提斜坡区,从而导致石炭系石英砂岩经历了不同的埋藏成岩环境的改造,具体体现在其成岩演化序列上具明显的差异性。在巴楚隆起区石炭系砂岩经历了稳定的持续埋藏成岩环境的改造,其成岩演化序列比较完整,各种成岩矿物的溶解、沉淀均在水－岩两相反应系统中进行,成岩阶段可达晚成岩阶段B期,甚至C期,因此砂岩原生孔隙破坏严重,平均孔隙度小于5％。而在麦盖提斜坡区,石炭系石英砂岩由于埋藏成岩深度始终小于隆起区,因此其成岩阶段多分布在晚成岩A期－B期,特别是石油侵位作用的影响,使成岩反应在水－油－岩三相介质中进行,从而抑制了多数自生粘土矿物的沉淀作用,导致成岩演化序列的不连续性,但同时又保存了许多有效的储集空间,使该区砂岩平均孔隙度保持在7％±,高于隆起区,据此认为麦盖提斜坡区是近期在石炭系砂岩储层中进行油气勘探的最有利区域。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘超覆带侏罗系油砂地球化学特征及Re-Os同位素定年

盆地边缘浅部的油气充注史研究是探讨油气流体和砂岩型铀矿关系面临的关键难题。对准噶尔盆地西北缘超覆带侏罗系油砂提取物进行饱和烃GC-MS分析、碳同位素测试及Re-Os同位素定年。结果表明,样品普遍遭受了至少5级的生物降解,部分甾烷化合物参数已不能客观反映油源特征。而萜烷抗降解能力强,其分布谱图比较相似,C20、C21、C23三环萜烷的相对丰度呈“上升型”;C23/H比值为0.75~1.34;G/H比值为0.27~0.65;以上指示了石油的母质以湖相低等水生生物输入为主,形成于半咸水、偏还原的沉积环境。样品的氯仿沥青“A”及族组分的碳同位素组成较轻且几乎一致,均低于-28‰,进一步表明该区侏罗系中的石油具有相同来源,初始来源于玛湖坳陷二叠系风城组,而与佳木河组和乌尔禾组的关系不大。油砂Re-Os同位素测年首次获得了等时线年龄为(155±51) Ma,表明西北缘侏罗系在晚侏罗世-早白垩世发生了一期大规模的油气充注,进而掩盖和保护了中、下侏罗统于中、晚侏罗世阶段形成的古层间氧化带型铀矿体,并增加了找矿难度。     

A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone

Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone.     

The Nuheting deposit,Erlian Basin,NE China: Synsedimentary to diagenetic uranium mineralization

Sedimentary units deposited during the post-rift stage of the Erlian Basin located in northeast China present an alternation of sandstone and mudstone layers. This sedimentological architecture is at the origin of confined permeable reservoirs hosting sandstone-type uranium deposits. The study of the Nuheting deposit offered the opportunity to identify synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentrations and diagenetic mineralization hosted in mudstone-dominated layers of the Erlian Formation, indicating that a stock of uranium was present in the basin prior to the genesis of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, this pre-existing stock may constitute a significant source of uranium for the formation of roll front deposits present in other parts of the Erlian Basin.Detailed petrographic and geochemical study of drill-core samples from the Nuheting deposit led to the characterization of different stages related to the formation of the uranium ore bodies and allowed to propose a new metallogenic model. Uranium mineralization of the Nuheting deposit is mainly hosted in dark gray silty mudstone of wetland depositional environment of the Late Cretaceous Erlian Formation. Petrographic observations and EMP analyses evidenced that a significant amount of uranium was associated with clay minerals (interstratified clays, smectite, chlorite, palygorskyte, illite and kaolinite), either adsorbed on mineral surfaces as U (VI) ions or reduced mainly as UO₂ nano to microcrystals disseminated in the clayey matrix, which corresponds to synsedimentary/early diagenetic concentrations. Trace elements on pyrite analyzed by LA-ICPMS, petrographic observations and whole-rock geochemical data led to the characterization of a diagenetic uranium mineralization. High As (1–50 ppm), Mo (10–500 ppm) and Se concentrations in the whole rock and the incorporation of these elements in pyrite highlight reducing conditions within the host-rocks during the diagenesis of the Erlian Formation. During the early diagenetic stage, uranium was either desorbed from clay minerals and organic materials to be reduced or directly reduced and precipitated as P-rich coffinite and pitchblende on pyrite crystals. During the late diagenetic stage, uranium was redistributed in situ and locally deposited mainly as coffinite on pyrites. Finally, an epigenetic stage of cementation was identified with sulfate and carbonate minerals, which may enclose some uranium minerals. This epigenetic stage of fluid circulation may be responsible for a minor uranium remobilization. Therefore, the Nuheting deposit experienced three main stages: (i) a synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentration and mineralization, (ii) a late diagenetic in situ uranium remobilization and deposition on pyrite and (iii) an epigenetic cementation. Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter contained in host-rocks of the Nuheting deposit is of type IV, inherited from land plant, and do not contain free hydrocarbons (very low S1). Therefore, our results do not support that migrated hydrocarbons were involved as a reducing agent for uranium mineralization.     

沉积盆地铀-油(气)共生机理

产于含油(气)盆地中的地浸砂岩型铀矿床与油(气)关系密切,在空间上常与油(气)藏呈共生关系。文章认为其成矿条件和控矿因素相似,并且具有成因联系是二者共生的主要原因。砂岩型铀矿和油(气)藏具有相似的成矿大地构造背景、岩相古地理条件、容矿地层、岩性圈闭、构造控矿条件和有机质基础;在成因上油(气)中的不同组分及其次生矿物对铀有重要的吸附和还原作用,是铀沉淀富集的重要因素之一,铀等放射性元素的存在也有利于油气的生成。由于成矿机理的差异性,砂岩型铀矿与油(气)藏属于异体共生矿床,二者的产出位置并不完全重叠,砂岩型铀矿的产出位置往往更靠近盆缘,且在油(气)储层上方,或以单一矿种产出。