再论我国早前寒武纪地层研究的新进展

"我国早前寒武纪地层研究的主要新进展"一文发表以来,早前寒武纪地层研究又取得了不少新进展,有必要再作若干新的补充,主要包括以下12个方面:辽北新太古代建平群中大营子组的解体和建平岩群的重组、山东中太古代唐家庄岩群的建立和新太古代胶东岩群的重新厘定、内蒙古新太古代原色尔腾山岩群的解体与重组、康定岩群的解体与取消、中祁连地块湟源群形成时代的重新厘定、辽宁浑南岩群时代的修正、福建麻源群的形成时代、辽河群亚群的建立和底界同位素年龄、金水口岩群的形成时代和变质时代、甘肃北大河岩群的年龄新资料、内蒙古—河北北部一带的化德群的岩组和时代的重新厘定、两个新的古元古代岩群的初步建立(西藏察隅德玛拉岩群和新疆古元古代喀拉喀什岩群的建立)。     

中祁连山东段皋兰岩群地质时代的微古植物新证据

厘定中祁连地块褶皱基底的时代，对探讨中祁连地块构造属性以及研究祁连造山带构造演化有重要意义。长期以来，由于缺乏化石依据，加上同位素年龄测定受该区岩浆事件扰动的影响，中祁连东段褶皱基底皋兰岩群地质时代厘定始终悬而未决，本次1：25万兰州市幅区域地质调查，采获大量蓟县纪微古植物化石，并获得Sm—Nd等时线年龄1180Ma。作者根据皋兰岩群岩石组合、同位素年龄、微古植物化石等方面的特征，结合区域地层对比，将皋兰岩群地层时代厘定为中元古代。     

吉林省前寒武纪地层

吉林省前寒武纪地层可见有太古宙变质表壳岩系、古元古代中深变质火山-沉积岩系、吉南新元古代陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩组成的盖层沉积岩系和吉北造山带新元古代变质火山-沉积岩系4种类型.其中太古宙地层龙岗陆块具有多陆块拼贴的特点,可划分为龙岗岩群(四道砬子河岩组、杨家店岩组)、夹皮沟岩群(三道沟岩组、老牛沟岩组)、板石沟岩群、南岗岩群(鸡南岩组、官地岩组)、清原岩群.分别代表白山镇地块、夹皮沟镇地块、板石沟地块、和龙地块和清原地块的变质表壳岩系,其中除龙岗岩群可能为中太古代外,其余地质体的时代均为新太古代.古元古代地层有集安岩群、光华岩群和老岭岩群,前两者为古元古代早期裂谷环境沉积,分别可进一步划分为蚂蚁河岩组、荒岔沟岩组、大东岔岩组、双庙岩组和同心岩组,沉积时限为2 300～2 100Ma;后者为古元古代晚期内克拉通凹陷沉积,可进一步划分为林家沟岩组/达台山岩组、珍珠门岩组、花山岩组、临江岩组和大栗子岩组,沉积时限为1 900～1 800Ma.吉南新元古代地层的岩石地层学属性基本清楚,按新元古代三分的观点,其中细河群及其以下地层时代为青白口纪.浑江群时代为震旦纪,吉南地区缺失南华系.吉林省北部造山带中沿色洛河-海沟-青龙村-江域一线的元古宙地层事实上为不同时代、不同性质的构造岩片堆叠体,属于构造地层学范畴;具有层状地层特征的仅有敦化地区的塔东岩群、蛟河地区的新兴岩组、九台地区的机房沟岩群、辽源地区的西保安岩组以及安图地区的万宝岩组,时代可暂置于新元古代.     

皋兰岩群时代厘定及地质意义

由于缺乏化石依据以及区域岩浆事件扰动,中祁连东段褶皱基底(一套变质岩系)——皋兰岩群的成岩时代始终悬而未决.在1:25万兰州市幅区域地质调查中,获得大量野外地质证据,剔除了岩浆事件干扰的年龄数据,取得较可靠的皋兰岩群成岩事件的Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄为1 180.3 Ma,依据采获的蓟县纪微古植物化石佐证,将中祁连东段褶皱基底皋兰岩群成岩时代厘定为中元古代蓟县纪.该资料对探讨中祁连地块构造属性及区域构造演化具有重要意义.     

东昆仑前寒武纪基底变质岩系的锆石SHRIMP年龄及其构造意义

东昆仑地区有一系列前寒武纪变质基底岩系出露 ,这些基底岩块可以划分为两类 :北部基底以太古宙—古元古代的白沙河岩群和中元古代的小庙岩群为代表 ,南部基底以古、中元古代苦海杂岩为代表。对北部基底岩系小庙岩群变质碎屑岩系的锆石U PbSHRIMP年龄分析结果显示小庙岩群(Pt2 x)碎屑物源区是年龄大于 2 4亿年的岩石 ,2 4～ 2 5亿年的碎屑锆石的群组年龄很可能反映了小庙岩群源区的一期变质作用时间。个别 32亿年的碎屑锆石年龄指示源区存在古太古代的陆核。变质锆石及深熔成因的锆石给出的 10 35～ 10 74Ma群组年龄是小庙岩群的主期构造热事件时间 ,反映以清水泉蛇绿岩为代表的中元古代洋盆的闭合和南北不同基底块体的愈合 ,是Rodinia大陆聚合事件在东昆仑地区的表现。     

秦岭岩群和碧口岩群层序时代的重新厘定

秦岭岩群和碧口岩群因构造复杂、化石贫乏，多年来对其层序和时代的意见极不统一。笔者通过地层清理，并结合前人所获得的成果，对这两个岩群的层序和时代进行重新厘定。秦岭岩群包括云母石英片岩、大理岩、片麻岩三套岩石组合，据同位素年龄和区域地层对比定为早元古代；从原秦岭岩群中分解出峡河岩群，据同位素年龄定为中晚元古代。碧口岩群包括变火山岩和变沉积碎屑岩两套岩石组合，据同位素年龄和微古植物化石定为中晚元古代；从原碧口岩群中分解出鱼洞子杂岩，据同位素年龄和硅铁建造定为早元古一太古代。     

秦岭岩群和碧口岩群层序时代析重新厘定

秦岭岩群和碧口岩群因构造复杂、化石贫乏，多年来对其层序和时代的意见极不统一。笔者通过地层清理，并结合前人所获得的成果，对这两个岩群的层序和时代进行重新厘定。秦岭岩群包括云母石英片岩、大理岩、片麻岩三套岩石组合，据同位素年龄和区域地层对比定为早元古代；从原秦岭岩群中分解出峡河岩群，据同位素年龄定为中晚元古代。碧口岩群包括变火山岩和变沉积碎屑岩两套岩石组合，据同位素年龄和微古植物化石定为中晚元古代；从     

石鼓群的划分及变质特征探讨

石鼓群位于云南西北部,面积约1 600km2,为甘孜一理塘板块的结晶基底.据现有资料,分为古元古代黎明岩群、中元古代新主岩群、新元古代巨甸岩群.黎明岩群为云母石英片岩、云母片岩,夹斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩.泥质岩石中具铁铝榴石、十字石、蓝晶石组合,基性岩中具铁铝榴石、普通角闪石组合,为中压低角闪岩相.黎明岩群后期抬升减压,叠加低压低角闪岩相变质,新生红柱石,部分原生蓝晶石退变成红柱石.于侵入其中的斜长角闪岩中获得Nd同位素模式年龄1 369.8Ma和1 343.8Ma,绿泥石英片岩中获得1 896.6Ma和2 161MaNd同位素模式年龄,故将黎明岩群时代置于古元古代.新主岩群分哈吉洛岩组和路西岩组,岩性为云母石英片岩、云母片岩、大理岩夹片麻岩及斜长角闪岩,部分岩石具糜棱岩化.哈吉洛岩组为低压低角闪岩相,具红柱石、十字石、铁铝榴石组合,路西岩组为高绿片岩相.于侵入新主岩群中的变质变形花岗质岩脉中获得锆石铅同位素年龄811 ±2Ma、820±1Ma、823±1Ma,故将新主岩群时代置于中元古代.巨甸岩群分陇巴岩组和塔城岩组,岩性为千枚岩、板岩,夹一层变质杏仁状玄武岩,为低绿片岩相.     

内蒙古阿拉善地区前寒武纪变质岩系形成时代的初步研究

根据锆石SHRIMP和单颗粒逐层蒸发法的研究,初步确定了内蒙古阿拉善地区早前寒武纪变质岩系的形成时代。迭布斯格岩群下部依肯乌苏岩组的形成时代为2700Ma左右,并经历了新太古代晚期和古元古代末两期变质改造,同时在其中发现了目前该区最老的3.5Ga的残留碎屑锆石。巴彦乌拉山岩组形成于2500～2264Ma,属于古元古代。在阿拉善岩群中获得了1367Ma和1617Ma的离子探针分析结果,因此不能排除部分阿拉善岩群属于中元古代的可能性。初步的同位素年代学研究表明,该区的变质岩系由不同时代的多套变质岩系组成,具有各自的组成特点,应将它们划分开。     

青藏高原拉萨地块西部念青唐古拉岩群的地球化学特征及构造意义

拉萨地块西部呈断块状沿狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带附近分布的念青唐古拉岩群被认为是前寒武纪变质基底。本文对念青唐古拉岩群进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学及构造地质学研究。研究结果表明片岩-片麻岩-变粒岩含十字石、石榴子石等特征变质矿物,遵循粒度分异规律,其原岩可能为来自冈瓦纳古陆核北缘中新元古代弧盆体系的活动大陆边缘浊积岩。斜长角闪岩具低硅、高铁镁、富钙的基性岩特征,其原岩为岛弧型基性火山岩。念青唐古拉岩群中的花岗伟晶岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为1150±13Ma,具过铝质S型花岗岩地球化学特征,可能为中元古代(1150±13 Ma)以前就开始沉积的念青唐古拉岩群基底岩石通过部分熔融形成。与花岗伟晶岩渐变过渡接触的二云斜长片麻岩第一组变质重结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为701±15 Ma,结合十字石特征变质矿物,暗示了该地区中温高压变质作用的峰期变质,变质程度达角闪岩相;第二组热液流体锆石UPb年龄为301±8.4 Ma,可能与冈瓦纳大陆北缘古特提斯洋演化过程中的岩浆热液作用有关。     

Petrological and chronological characteristics of medium-high grade metamorphic rocks in Gonjo area,southeastern margin of Qamdo block,eastern Tibet.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

青藏高原东缘的昌都地块是连接青藏高原腹地和藏东南三江-印支地区的关键区域,发育有较完整的晚古生界,以三叠系、侏罗系-白垩系广泛分布为特色;但其前寒武纪基底岩系出露较少,主要以宁多岩群(Pt_(1-2)Nd.)和草曲群(Pt_(3)C)为代表。本文针对昌都地块东南缘贡觉地区出露的一套被前人称为“宁多岩群”的中深变质岩系,开展了系统的野外地质调查、显微薄片分析、锆石U-Pb年代学等研究工作,认为该套中深变质岩系属于一套变质杂岩,其岩石组合既包括了原岩沉积时代不早于奥陶纪的片麻岩、变粒岩和大理岩等副变质岩,又包含了原岩时代分别为中二叠世的斜长角闪岩和中三叠世花岗质片麻岩等正变质岩。其原岩时代特征与昌都地块北缘的宁多岩群有较大差别,不应当归属为昌都地块的前寒武纪结晶基底。结合片麻岩的变质新生云母类矿物Ar-Ar测年数据和变质后期侵入的闪长玢岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄,认为贡觉地区出露的中深变质岩的变质时代为ca.260~244Ma(P_(2)-T_(2))。该期发生在昌都地块东南缘的角闪岩相变质作用,是金沙江古特提斯洋向西俯冲-碰撞的构造响应。     

阿拉善地块南缘龙首山岩群及相关岩石的起源和归属——来自LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄的制约

采用LA-ICP-MS方法对采自阿拉善地块南缘龙首山岩群及上覆的墩子沟群底部共6个不同类型的样品进行了锆石U-Pb测年,获得龙首山岩群上部变沉积岩中的碎屑锆石年龄集中在～2.01 Ga和～2.15 Ga,花岗质片麻岩的岩浆锆石年龄主要在2.04～2.17 Ga之间,变质重结晶(增生边)的年龄在1.89～1.93 Ga之...     

Archean Basement and a Paleoproterozoic Collision Orogen in the Huoqiu Area at the Southeastern Margin of North China Craton: Evidence from Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro-Probe U-Pb Zircon Geochronology

This paper reports sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb zircon ages for the "Huoqiu Group" and granitoids of the Early Precambrian basement in the Huoqiu area, southeastern margin of the North China Craton. The "Huoqiu Group" is similar in rock association and metamorphism to the khondalite series, apart from it containing considerable amounts of banded iron formation. All detrital zircons from the "Huoqiu Group" meta-sedimentary rocks are 3.0 Ga and 2.75 Ga, without any 2.5 Ga and younger ones, as is commonly found in Paleoproterozoic khondalite series in other areas of the North China Craton. In the Huoqiu area, 2.75 Ga and 2.56 Ga granitoids have also been identified. This basement assemblage underwent strong metamorphism during the late Paleoproterozoic (~1.84 Ga) tectonothermal event that is widely developed in the North China Craton. Thus the formation time of the "Huoqiu Group" can be constrained between 2.75 and 1.84 Ga in terms of detrital and metamorphic zircon ages. It is considered, combined with regional data, that there may be a Paleoproterozoic collision orogen extending in a NWW–SEE direction to the southern margin of the North China Craton.     

青海小赛什腾山地区达肯大坂岩群中新解体出一套变火山岩系

达肯大坂岩群(Pt1D.)是柴北缘欧龙布鲁克地块的结晶基底,为一套变质程度达角闪岩相的深变质岩系,形成时代为古元古代.通过1 ∶ 5万专项地质调查,在柴北缘欧龙布鲁克地块苏干湖南小赛什腾山一带原划归达肯大坂岩群中,新填绘出一套糜棱岩化变中酸性火山岩系与达肯大坂岩群岩石组合存在明显差异.通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb...     

A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area,southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica 40Ar/39Ar dating

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block, bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south. The Demala Group complex, a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area, is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area. According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis, the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses, biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, granitic gneiss, amphibolite, mica schist, and quartz schist, with many leucogranite veins. The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205 ± 1 Ma and 218 ± 1 Ma, respectively, representing the ages of their protoliths. The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures. The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644 –446 Ma, 1213 –865 Ma, and 1780 –1400 Ma, reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks. The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203 ± 2 Ma to 190 ± 1 Ma, which represent the age of metamorphism. The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma, interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex. Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss, banded gneiss, and leucogranite veins for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56 ± 0.21 Ma, 16.90 ± 0.21 Ma, and 23.40 ± 0.31 Ma, and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70 ± 0.24 Ma, 16.14 ± 0.19 Ma, 15.88 ± 0.20 Ma, and 14.39 ± 0.20 Ma. The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex. Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex, the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex. The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series, but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock. Based on the deformation characteristics, the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic, namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (203 –190 Ma) and Oligocene –Miocene (24 –14 Ma). The early stage of metamorphism (ranging from 203 –190 Ma) was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area. The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage (24 –14 Ma) were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone. The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

鄂东南地区存在古元古代—太古宙基底——来自铜鼓山岩体锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素的证据

对鄂东南地区位于毛铺—两剑桥断裂带上的铜鼓山岩体进行了野外地质及镜下显微研究及岩石化学分析, 重点分析了其中锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。结果表明铜鼓山岩体为石英闪长玢岩, 岩体形成于(147±2.6) Ma, 属晚侏罗世—早白垩世, 与鄂东南地区其它岩体年龄具有一致性。铜鼓山岩体中存在的大量继承锆石。分析的4个继承锆石形成于古元古代晚期1798~1888 Ma。继承锆石具有高的Th/U比值和极其相似的Lu-Hf同位素组成, 表明它们捕获于同一火成岩。这表明鄂东南地区存在古元古代基底。这些古元古代继承锆石低的εHf(t)值和冥太古代的Hf同位素两阶段模式年代暗示古元古代克拉通化是在太古宙基底上发展的。鄂东南地区和扬子陆块其它众多地区一样存在古元古代—太古宙基底。扬子陆块古元古代—太古宙基底极可能从四川盆地、鄂西崆岭和郧西地区东延至鄂东南地区。     

Petrology,geochronology,and geophysical characterization of Mesoproterozoic rocks in central Illinois,USA

The Precambrian basement rocks of the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province(EGRP)in central Illinois(midcontinent region of North America)exhibit a complex history of early volcanism,granite emplacement,and intrusion of mafic rocks.A comprehensive suite of dedicated petrographic analyses,geophysical logs,and drill core from four basement-penetrating wells,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic reflection data,and U-Pb age data from the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project(IBDP)and Illinois Carbon Capture Storage(ICCS)Project site provide new constraints for interpreting the Precambrian basement of the Illinois Basin.These new data reveal the basement to be compositionally and structurally complex,having typical EGRP felsic volcanic rocks intruded by the first reported gabbro in the Precambrian basement in Illinois.Zircons(n?29)from rhyolite give a U-Pb weighted mean average age of 14679 Ma.Zircons(n?3)from a gabbro dike that intrudes the rhyolite yield a concordia age of 107312 Ma,which corresponds to Grenville-age extension and represents the first Grenville-age rock in Illinois and in the EGRP.A high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection volume,coincident with the four wells,provides a context for interpreting the petrological data and implies a high degree of heterogeneity for basement rocks at the IBDP–ICCS site,as also shown by the drill cores.The occurrence of Grenville-age gabbro is related to a prominent bowl-like structure observed on local two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and the three-dimensional volume that is interpreted as a deep-seated mafic sill complex.Furthermore,heterogeneities such as the brecciated EGRP rhyolite and later gabbro intrusion observed in the basement lithology at the IBDP–ICCS may reflect previously unknown distal elements of the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in the EGRP and more likely Grenville-age extension.     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗色尔腾山岩群东五分子岩组锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

色尔腾山岩群是华北克拉通中西部早前寒武纪变质结晶基底的主要组成部分,对研究华北克拉通基底演化具有十分重要的意义。色尔腾山岩群的形成时代是目前研究的热点之一,本文通过岩石学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年研究,查明了内蒙古乌拉特中旗乌兰乡查干哈达地区色尔腾山岩群东五分子岩组的岩石组成和年代学特征。东五分子岩组遭受了后期岩浆和构造作用的强烈破坏,未见顶底,主要由中细粒斜长角闪岩、细粒黑云斜长片麻岩、眼球状细粒黑云斜长片麻岩、条带状细粒黑云斜长片麻岩和细粒黑云角闪片岩组成,矿物组合特征指示岩石经历了低绿片岩相-低角闪岩相变质。其中,眼球状细粒黑云斜长片麻岩出露相对较厚,与细粒黑云斜长片麻岩多呈互层状产出,局部偶夹细粒黑云斜长片麻岩。本次研究选取其中新鲜的细粒黑云斜长片麻岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年分析,其锆石多呈自形-半自形,发育震荡环带,主体为岩浆成因,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果为（1 930.7±9.6）Ma,代表原岩（中酸性火山岩）冷凝结晶年龄,表明东五分子岩组经历变质作用的时代应晚于1 930 Ma。     

再论塔里木北缘阿克苏蓝片岩的时代和成因环境:来自锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素的新证据

阿克苏蓝片岩和基性岩墙形成时代和构造背景对认识塔里木地块前寒武纪构造演化以及新元古代超大陆重建具有重要意义.本文通过对含蓝片岩的阿克苏群中变质碎屑岩和侵入阿克苏群的基性岩墙的锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素分析表明,(长石)石英片岩中碎屑锆石出现2个明显的统计峰值,较老一组锆石²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb的表面年龄集中在~1.9Ga,并有少量太古代的年龄信息;另一组较年轻锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U表面年龄峰值为~820Ma,代表阿克苏群的最大沉积年龄.侵入阿克苏群的基性岩墙锆石U-Pb年龄为~760Ma.阿克苏蓝片岩相变质的时间被严格限定在820~760Ma区间内.碎屑锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄峰值出现在2.2~2.3Ga,2.6Ga和3.2~3.3Ga.综合本次工作及前人研究成果,表明阿克苏蓝片岩地体是塔里木早前寒武纪基底之上发育起来的大陆边缘岩浆弧.