滇东南燕山晚期与岩浆作用有关的多金属成矿作用

滇东南地区产出有个旧锡多金属矿床、白牛厂银-铅-锌-锡多金属矿床和都龙锡-锌-铜3个超大型多金属矿床(图1),而矿床的成因争议始终伴随着研究的整个过程,本文通过成岩成矿年代学研究探讨了滇东南3个超大型多金属矿床与岩浆作用的关系。1地质概况     

滇东南喷流沉积块状硫化物特征与矿床成因

滇东南一些著名的大型－超大型锡多金属矿床,如个旧锡矿和都龙锡矿,白牛厂大型银,锡多金属矿床下部均有燕山期花岗岩发育,因此,个旧和都龙锡多金属矿床大多数人认为是岩浆热液矿床。笔者对上述三个矿床的矿石矿物组构、成分以及它们的共生组合关系进行了系统研究,发现了大量海底喷流沉积结构构造,值得一提的是在岩体接触带附近的块状硫化物矿体中发现了缅状结构和丝状客形虫等证据,而这些矿体曾被认为是典型的岩浆热液成因,     

云南白牛厂银多金属矿床成因

对云南白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床的地质、地球化学特征及矿床形成的长期性及多阶段性的研究认为:白牛厂银多金属矿床是热水沉积—叠生成因矿床,早期呈现寒武纪的热水同生沉积成矿作用,晚期为燕山期花岗岩浆热液成矿作用。该矿床是热水沉积成矿作用与岩浆热液成矿作用叠加成矿的产物。     

云南西畴红石岩铅锌铜矿床喷流沉积成因的地球化学特征

西畴红石岩铅锌铜矿床是滇东南地区首次在远离岩体外围田蓬组中发现的一处大型矿床,根据矿床地质背景,系统分析了红石岩铅锌铜矿床的地球化学特征,认为红石岩铅锌铜矿床的成矿元素具有明显的垂直和水平分带,容矿围岩的常量元素数据投影落入到热水沉积岩区域内,微量元素变化规律反映出与现代大洋热水沉积物相似的特点,稀土元素具有轻稀土富集的右倾特征,总量变化较大,但铅锌铜矿层中的稀土元素总量明显低于围岩,平均为66.16,与产于加拿大沙利文矿山的条带状富电气石热液沉积岩（57.85）相近,由此认为红石岩铅锌铜矿床是在特定的古构造古地理环境内形成的喷流沉积型矿床。     

云南白牛厂银多金属矿床成矿作用特征的稀土元素地球化学约束

为了研究白牛厂银多金属矿床成矿作用特征,对矿区岩浆岩、围岩和矿石的稀土元素进行了ICP-MS分析测试。花岗岩稀土元素组成表现了较强的Eu负异常和弱的Ce负异常。围岩稀土元素特征表现出一定程度的热水沉积成因。矿石的稀土元素组成大致可分为两组：一组矿石表现为Eu正异常或无异常和Ce负异常,反映喷流沉积稀土元素组成特征,主要是距离花岗岩体较远的白羊矿段,指示成矿热液为温度较高（＆gt;250℃）、相对还原的流体,另外,Eu正异常和Ce负异常同时出现,说明矿石沉淀时较高温度的流体与少量的海水发生了对流混合;另一组矿石表现出与岩浆岩一致的球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式,显示岩浆热液叠加改造成因,主要是距离花岗岩体较近的穿心洞矿段和对门山矿段。两组矿石稀土元素组成特征总体来说随着花岗岩体距离的变化而变化。根据岩浆岩、围岩和矿石的稀土元素组成特征,白牛厂银多金属矿床由喷流沉积形成主矿体,燕山期花岗质岩浆活动对矿体部分叠加改造。     

南岭西段超大型锡石硫化物矿床成因——是热水沉积还是岩浆热液

在南岭西段的桂西北地区及西延至滇东南地区,产出有广西大厂、云南个旧、都龙和白牛厂4个超大型-巨型规模的锡多金属矿床,其突出的特点是规模巨大,多元素共生。大厂矿田与锡紧密相伴的主金属元素有铅、锌、铜、锑,同时还有具一定规模的银,个旧矿田除锡外,以铅、锌为主,都龙矿床主要有用元素为锡、锌和铜,白牛厂     

含锡花岗岩外带的银铅多多谢矿床地质特征

滇东南与滇西矿带内，与隐伏或出露的含锡花岗岩有关的芦塘坝、龙树、白牛厂、坝脚及滇西大矿山、澜沧老厂等银铅多多谢矿床，在成矿特征、矿石矿物组合、伴生元素等有极大的相似性，称为含锡花岗岩外带型银铅多金属矿床是一种新的银矿类型。     

内蒙狼山霍各乞矿床条带状含铜石英岩成因的讨论

内蒙霍各乞条带状含铜石英岩的结构、构造、阴极发光、化学常量元素、稀土元素及其所含的电气石的矿物成分、石英包体测温等方面的特点与加拿大沙利文矿床热水沉积和我国大厂热水沉积矿床中的热水沉积岩－条带状硅质岩及电气石岩十分相似，可以证明了霍各乞条带状含铜石英岩为热水沉积成因     

西藏南部热水沉积硅质岩岩石学和地球化学特征及地质意义

西藏南部广泛分布大规模中、新生代蛇绿岩套硅质岩、非蛇绿岩套硅质岩和硅质泉华体,本文通过对藏南日喀则、泽当等地区硅质岩的野外岩石学特征、镜下观察和地球化学分析测试,研究其地质意义。藏南硅质岩普遍发育层状、纹理状、块状和角砾状构造,化学成分与广西丹池盆地等典型热水沉积硅质岩相似,Fe/Ti值为12.88~30.60,(Fe Mn)/Ti为13.25~33,Co/Ni小于1,REE总量低,δCe呈负异常,重稀土相对轻稀土元素富集,Eu呈正异常,反映为热水成因,个别样品为生物成因。硅质岩形成与藏南拆离系和伸展构造碰撞造山带所造成的构造热事件有关,Au、Sb、Cs等多金属矿化与硅质岩密切相关,赋矿岩石石英硅同位素与马里亚纳海槽现代海底黑烟囱热水沉积物相似,为热水喷流沉积的产物。     

凤县八卦庙特大型金矿热水沉积岩的地质地球化学特征

八卦庙特大型金矿的成因引人注目 ,作者提出含矿地层中存在的一套条带状岩石属于热水沉积成因。此套岩石顺层产出 ,主要由富石英纹层、富钠长石 -石英纹层和富铁碳酸盐纹层互层 ,构成纹层条带构造 ,具有沉积韵律和沉积旋回 ;地层走向上 ,条带状岩石渐变过渡为千枚岩或板岩 ,显示局部凹陷的热水沉积盆地特点 ;条带岩的化学成分、微量元素特征与秦岭泥盆系铅锌矿床中的硅质 -钠质 -铁碳酸质热水沉积岩非常相似 ,具有热水沉积特点。热水沉积岩与金矿化空间关系密切 ,说明八卦庙金矿属于热水沉积 (改造 )型金矿床。矿床成因类型的正确认识有利于指导区域找矿工作。     

云南省蒙自县白牛厂银多金属矿床控矿因素分析

白牛厂矿床是一个以银、铅、锌、锡、铜为主要成矿元素的大型-超大型多金属矿床.其主要控矿因素为构造、沉积建造和岩浆活动.中寒武统田蓬组碎屑岩是最主要的赋矿地层;圆宝山复式向斜和F3断裂控制了多金属矿体的产出部位与形态;燕山期岩浆活动为矿床形成提供了重要物质来源、流体及热源,为围岩中成矿物质的活化、迁移和富集创造了条件.     

Sea-floor exhalative sedimentary and magmatic hydrothermal superimposition on the Bainiuchang polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province： REE geochemical evidence

In order to study the characteristics of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary and magmatic hydrothermal superimposition on the Bainiuchang polymetallic deposit, the REE compositions of the granites, host-rocks and ores have been systematically analyzed by ICP-MS. As viewed from their REE compositions, the granites show obvious negative Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies. According to their REE characteristics, the host-rocks were derived partly from sea-floor exhalative sediments. In terms of their REE compositions, the ores can be divided into two groups: one group, of which the samples were collected from the Baiyang segment relatively far away from the Bozhushan granite batholith, possesses positive Eu anomalies or no Eu anomaly and negative Ce anomalies, indicating that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid was relatively reductive and its temperature was higher than 250 ℃. Furthermore, the coinstantaneous presence of positive Eu anomalies and negative Ce anomalies indicate that the convective mixing of a little amount of seawater with hydrothermal fluid had happened while ores were precipitated on ancient sea floor. The other group, of which the samples were mainly collected from the Chuanxindong and Duimenshan segments near the Bozhushan granite batholith, has similar chondrite-monalized REE distribution patterns to those of the magmatic rocks. But as a whole, the REE characteristics of both groups change gradually starting from the Bozhushan granite batholith. Based on the REE characteristics of the granites, host-rocks and ores, it is suggested that the ore-forming metals seem to have come from several different sources.     

Mineralogy of gouge in north-northeast-striking faults,Sydney region,New South Wales

Gouges formed in north-northeast-striking fault zones of the Sydney region and associated host-rocks were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and optical microscopy in order to determine their mineralogy. XRD studies reveal that illite, illite–smectite, kaolinite, quartz and dickite are present in varying proportions. Kübler Indices (0.54–0.71) and low smectite contents in illite–smectite (<10% smectite) in most gouges and host-rocks, indicate the assemblages formed at temperatures between 120 and 150°C. Those at the Heathcote Road, Lucas Heights location formed at lower temperatures (<100°C). SEM images of the clays in host sublitharenites and gouges show a variety of sizes and habits that reflect variations in fluid temperature and rate of crystallisation. SEM studies also reveal that detrital quartz grains exhibit overgrowths and etch pits of varying density, size and shape that are more strongly developed in the gouges than in the host-rocks. These features are thought to be related to higher fluid/rock ratios brought about by major ingress of fluids into the fault zones. The mineral assemblage present and the features exhibited are believed to have formed in response to a thermal event associated with the early stages of the breakup of Gondwana.     

新疆洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中铬尖晶石的化学成分变异及其意义

本文应用了洪古勒楞蛇绿岩中铬尖晶石的电子探针分析数据,讨论该蛇绿岩中不同岩石中铬尖晶石化学成分特征,显示出铬尖晶石的成分与寄主岩石有关。基本可将其分为三组:造矿铬尖晶石、堆积岩副矿物铬尖晶石和地幔橄榄岩副矿物铬尖晶石。它们在主要成分和微量成分方面均存在区别,化学成分的相关性也不一样。共生橄榄石-铬尖晶石对的元素分配说明二者基本为平衡矿物。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

云南白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床黄铁矿的标型特征及其成因意义

本文通过对白牛厂银多金属矿床黄铁矿的化学成分标型、微量元素标型和热电性标型的研究得出该矿床属热液喷流沉积矿床。     

大别山北麓钼矿床地质特征和地球动力学背景

大别造山带北麓新发现有大、中型钼矿床(点)十余个,是继东秦岭和东北钼矿带后又一重要钼金属矿集区.本文总结了大别山北麓钼矿床的地质特征,包括时空分布、成因类型等.大别山地区的钼矿床多沿NW向区域性断裂构造带发育,集中于晓天-磨子潭断裂以北;矿床产出受NW向与NE向断裂交汇部位控制,对赋矿围岩无选择性.钼矿化与燕山期高钾花岗质斑岩体密切相关,矿体产于岩体内部和/或接触带围岩中.矿化类型以斑岩型为主,次为矽卡岩型、热液脉型及爆破角砾岩型.成矿过程普遍具有四阶段性,成矿流体以高温、高盐度、富CO2为普遍特征.辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄集中于110～ 130Ma,且从西向东变新;钼矿床和相关花岗岩类侵入体形成于岩石圈碰撞缩短加厚之后的伸展减薄地球动力学背景.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetailic Deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province,China,is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field.In addition to the>7000 t Ag reserves,the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb,Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements(In,Cd,Ge,Ga,etc.).We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit.The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.758-18.537,~(207)pb/~(204)pb=15.175-15.862 and ~(208)pb/~(204)pb=37.289-39.424,while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.264-18.359,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=14.843-15.683 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=36.481-38.838, respectively.In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.224-18.700,~(207)Tpb/~(204)Pb=15.595-15.797 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.193-39.608.Then,in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.434-19.119,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.644-15.693,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.514-38.832.And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks,which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.307-19.206,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb= 15.622-15.809,and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.436-39.932.By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions,it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age,but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.