冀北小张家口超基性岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

采用离子探针(SHRIMPⅡ)测得小张家口基性-超基性岩体中的锆石主要有220±5Ma和491±7Ma两组年龄,以及一个很老的继承锆石年龄2453Ma。年龄为220±5Ma的一组锆石(A组)具有典型的岩浆型振荡环带,这组年龄应代表该岩体的侵位年龄。A组锆石的~(176)H/~(177)Hf比值从0.282557到0.282690,ε_(Hf)(220Ma)=-2.9～ 1.66。年龄为491±7Ma的一组锆石(B组)具有变质成因的蝴蝶结构(Butterfly structure)和熔蚀边,属于继承锆石。B组锆石的~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值从0.282239到0.282483,ε_(Hf)(491Ma)=-8.6～0.06。~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为2453Ma的锆石应该是岩浆侵位时从华北克拉通古元古代基底中捕获的锆石。A组锆石的Hf同位素数据表明,220Ma左右由于华北北缘岩石圈伸展,导致软流圈地幔上涌,亏损的软流圈地幔流/熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用并混合,这种混合地幔源区发生部分熔融而形成小张家口基性-超基性岩体。B组锆石可能是小张家口岩体在岩浆侵位过程中捕获的来源于富集地幔或大陆下地壳的锆石。     

鲁东昆嵛山地区宫家辉长闪长岩成因：岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素制约

宫家辉长闪长岩是鲁东昆嵛山地区出露面积最大的基性侵入体。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明,其侵位于113±2Ma。高MgO含量(Mg~#高达56),Hf同位素组成位于华北克拉通地壳演化线之上,说明其地幔来源的特征。在地球化学特征上,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素;I_(Sr)为0.70745～0.70812,ε_(Nd)为～15.9～-12.0,Sr、Nd和Pb同位素组成[(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=17.108～17.239]与胶东基性脉岩和胶莱盆地青山组火山岩相似;锆石Hf同位素组成比较均一,ε_(Hf)(t)平均值为-16.7,这些特征都暗示其来源于富集的华北岩石圈地幔。地球化学研究表明宫家辉长闪长岩经历了分离结晶作用,是胶东乃至中国东部岩石圈减薄的产物。     

胶东地区中生代中—基性岩脉地球化学特征及其对地幔源区的制约

华北克拉通破坏和东部中生代岩浆作用的研究近年来取得了重要的进展。胶东地区广泛分布着中生代不同期次长英质侵入岩和中—基性脉岩,是研究深部岩石圈地幔组成和演化的天然实验室。本文分析了胶北地区玲珑金矿区和苏鲁造山带昆嵛山—文登地区中—基性脉岩锆石U-Pb年龄,主、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征,进一步探讨研究区中生代岩石圈组成特征和演化。在苏鲁造山带,中—基性脉岩主要由辉绿岩和闪长岩构成,Si O2质量分数变化较大,从45.5%~60.7%,锆石U-Pb年龄108~118 Ma。这些中—基性脉岩具有高钾钙碱性和钾玄质特征,高Mg O、Cr和Ni质量分数和Mg#值。在胶北地区,中—基性脉岩主要有辉绿岩、煌斑岩和闪长岩,Si O2质量分数整体上略低于苏鲁造山带出露的中—基性岩脉,而Mg O质量分数相对较高。这些中—基性脉岩都具有岛弧岩浆岩的微量元素组成特征,富集LILE和LREE和Pb元素,亏损高场强元素,如Nb和Ta。两个地区的中—基性岩脉都具有富集型的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征,但相比于苏鲁造山带,胶北地区的基性岩具有更富集的Sr和Nd特征。EM II型的Sr和Nd同位素特征通常暗示岩浆源区受到了壳源物质的交代作用,产生了不均一的富集岩石圈地幔。岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石等暗色矿物的分离结晶,斜长石分离结晶作用不明显,初始87Sr/86Sr比值和初始εNd值不随Mg#值的变化发生相关变化,表明其在上升过程中受到的地壳混染作用不显著。研究区的中—基性岩脉地球化学特征与华北克拉通内部太行地区的基性岩有明显的差异,也不同于华南板块中生代基性岩,而与靠近郯庐断裂带的沂南、方城玄武岩和胶莱盆地基性火山岩比较接近。结合前人研究表明,胶东地区中生代可能发生了强烈的壳幔相互作用,形成了不均一的富集型岩石圈地幔,在古太平洋平板俯冲、后撤及伴随的拉张裂谷作用的影响下,产生了大量来自富集地幔的脉岩和壳幔混合型岩石,并伴随有大量的成矿作用。     

闽西南基性岩脉中捕获锆石SIMSU-Pb年龄及Hf、O同位素特征

测定了闽西南地区5件基性岩脉的全岩主微量元素,锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf,O同位素。5件岩脉主要为辉绿岩,其全岩SiO_2含量为45%~53%,稀土元素显示轻稀土富集的右倾配分模式。基性岩脉中大部分锆石具明显振荡环带和扇状环带,为典型岩浆结晶锆石特征。锆石U-Pb年龄(96~2 400 Ma)分布较为分散。除少量锆石年龄(96~142 Ma)可能指示岩脉形成年龄外,其余均为捕获锆石。捕获锆石年龄主要分布在4个范围:早元古代(2 467~1 796 Ma),中晚元古代—震旦纪(1 343~647 Ma),志留纪—晚三叠世(427~225 Ma),晚侏罗世(159~140 Ma)。Hf-O同位素显示早元古代锆石来源于接近球粒陨石均一储库的地幔。中晚元古代以后年龄的锆石其Hf-O同位素均具有亏损地幔岩浆与地壳组分混合的特征;志留纪—晚侏罗世锆石主要来源于S型壳源花岗岩的重熔;早白垩世晚期的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值与δ~(18)O值清晰地显示出亏损地幔与地壳岩浆混合的趋势。闽西南基性岩脉中锆石的二阶段Hf亏损地幔模式年龄(TDM2)峰值主要分布在1.6~1.9 Ga,说明早元古代晚期幔源岩浆作用形成的基性岩地壳可能是形成后期花岗岩的主要源区。     

华北克拉通东部鲁西早白垩纪基性岩墙成因:来自锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据（英文）

中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(~0.7098),负的εNd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、εHf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(tDM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。     

地幔组成差异对扬子地块和华夏地块西延边界的限定:来自幔源岩脉的地球化学证据

幔源岩浆是探知大陆深部地幔物质组成的岩石探针。本次研究通过对广西境内和湘西中-基性岩脉的岩石学、地球化学、Nd同位素和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,揭示了不同地区深部地幔的组成特征和差异。U-Pb定年显示这些中-基性岩浆岩形成于～260 Ma、170～150 Ma、138～87Ma和36～33 Ma四个阶段。根据地球化学特征,这些中-基性岩脉可以分成两类:高稀土煌斑岩和低稀土煌斑岩。高稀土组样品位于平乐-马山-罗城一线,以富集云母类矿物斑晶为特征。它们具有高的稀土含量(∑REE400μg/g),明显的Eu负异常(δEu0.73)和Nb、Ta、Ti亏损。这组样品还具有高Th/Ta、Rb/Sr比值和低Nb/La、Ce/Pb、Ti/Y比值。Nd同位素显示明显的富集特征(εNd(t)-4.66)。低稀土组样品以出现辉石或橄榄石斑晶为特征,具有低的稀土含量(255μg/g),弱的Eu异常和不明显的Nb、Ta、Ti异常, Nd同位素组成明显升高(εNd(t)-1.9)。这些特征表明,高稀土煌斑岩的母岩浆起源于被壳源流/熔体交代过的强富集地幔,而低稀土组样品起源于幔源熔体交代过的弱富集软流圈地幔。对比已有的基性岩脉地球化学数据,可以发现采自桂北地区的高稀土样品与扬子地块西南部幔源岩浆的特征相似,而采自桂(中)南地区的低稀土样品与西华夏地块的基性岩浆岩特征相似。因此,两个具有明显地幔组成差异的区域之间的界线很可能代表了华夏地块和扬子地块拼合带西南延伸的位置。     

壳幔作用导致武平花岗岩形成——Sr-Nd-Hf-U-Pb同位素证据

岩石学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf-U-Pb同位素的综合研究显示,武平花岗质杂岩体是由形成时代和成因不同的黑云母花岗岩和含石榴子石花岗岩组成。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年指示前者形成于161．4 Ma,后者形成于113 Ma。黑云母花岗岩以中等富集大多数不相容元素和中等轻重稀土分异为特征,岩石具有低的87Sr／86Sr初始比值(<0．710)和高的εNd(t) 值(-2．6--5．7)。结合与附近基底变质岩的同位素对比,论文指出黑云母花岗岩岩浆是由元古代基底变质岩部分熔融产生的熔体与幔源岩浆的强烈混合形成。不均匀的锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=-3．6--10．8)支持了这种混合成因模式。含石榴子石花岗岩以富Si、Al、Na、K、Nb、Ta、Y和HREE而贫P、Sr、Ba、LREE、Zr和Hf含量为特征,它们具有低的(La/Yb)n, Zr／Hf、Nb／Ta比值和高的Rb／Sr比值,显示了强烈的以斜长石为主的分异特征;它们的87Sr／86Sr初始比值大于0．710,εNd(t) =-7．1,锆石的Hf同位素较低且相对均匀(εHf(t)平均值为-9．7),表明岩浆没有受到明显的地幔组分混染。结合它们高的HREE含量,论文指出它们的母岩浆很可能是由早期熔融事件的富石榴子石残留相再次熔融形成。因此,南岭地区中生代花岗岩的地球化学差异很可能反映了岩浆形成过程中壳幔作用的强弱。     

云南富民晚二叠世中—基性岩年代学、地球化学特征：对峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆作用过程的指示意义

本文对云南富民地区晚二叠世中—基性岩体、峨眉山玄武岩进行了同位素年代学、岩石学和地球化学的研究。富民基性岩体为辉绿岩,中性岩墙为碱性二长岩。两者均富集LREE、LILE和HFSE,具有OIB的特征,以及相似的Sr-Nd同位素特征,基性岩体的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.70565~0.70626,εNd(t)为-0.06~+0.49,中性岩墙的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.70564~0.70567,εNd(t)为-0.32~+0.41。基性岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果为257.6±2Ma,表明富民中—基性岩体形成于峨眉山大火成岩省大规模岩浆作用的末期。地球化学证据表明富民中—基性岩体是高Ti型玄武质岩浆经连续演化形成的。富民中—基性岩的原始岩浆是地幔柱在石榴子石稳定区经小程度部分熔融的产物。同位素比值与抗蚀变不相容元素比值(如Nb/U)的相关性表明,基性岩在岩浆形成过程中未遭遇地壳混染,而二长岩遭受了少量地壳混染。富民地区晚二叠世中—基性岩体,尤其是螃蟹箐二长岩的发现,证实了ELIP地区"双峰式"火山岩组合中普遍缺失的中性岩体的存在,为长英质岩体的分离结晶成因模型提供了关键证据。     

福建石狮白垩纪花岗岩与中基性脉岩的年代学与地球化学

在我国华南地区广泛发育了白垩纪岩浆活动,形成了大面积的花岗岩和多期侵位的中基性和酸性脉岩。其中中基性脉岩被认为是华南白垩纪多期伸展作用的标志之一。本文对采自福建沿海石狮地区的石狮和东埔两地的花岗岩和侵入的中基性脉岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素以及岩石元素地球化学研究。石狮地区的花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为中钾-高钾钙碱性、弱过铝质岩石,2个锆石U-Pb年龄分别为105.3±1.0Ma和105.1±0.5Ma,2个花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)为-0.9~+2.0;侵入的脉岩为辉绿岩和闪长岩,属于准铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性岩石,2个闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别89.5±1.5Ma和96.1±1.2Ma,脉岩的εHf(t)为+1.3~+5.0。石狮地区花岗岩和脉岩显示轻重稀土中等分馏和弱的Eu异常,花岗岩稀土总量明显低于脉岩,岩石大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素亏损,显示岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征;微量元素判别(Ta/Hf-Th/Hf,Zr-Zr/Y)表明石狮地区的岩脉产于大陆边缘裂谷环境或板内构造环境,脉岩应是古太平洋俯冲的大陆边缘背景之上,俯冲结束后转入大陆边缘伸展作用的标志。福建沿海厦门-石狮-晋江地区的伸展作用发生在87~96Ma,与华南区域上多期伸展作用中~90Ma的伸展作用吻合。     

甘肃柳园地区晚三叠世辉绿岩脉年代学和地球化学研究及其对北山造山带早中生代构造演化的指示

位于中亚造山带中段南缘的北山地区不仅是我国北方重要的三叠纪多金属成矿带,也是诠释中亚造山带南缘早中生代构造演化的关键区域。甘肃柳园地区位于北山南带,区内缺失三叠纪沉积记录,花岗质复式岩体和中酸性岩脉十分发育基性岩脉也有分布从而为探究北山早中生代构造演化提供了重要条件。基于此,本文对甘肃柳园地区晚三叠世辉绿岩脉开展了系统的锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素和全岩主量、微量元素分析。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb分析显示,辉绿岩形成于227.5±1.4Ma,年代为晚三叠世。全岩地球化学分析显示,辉绿岩具有高Mg~#(65～70)、较高Ni含量(110×10~(-6)～157×10~(-6))、轻重稀土分馏不明显((La/Y) N为1.42～1.94)、无或弱Eu正异常、强烈亏损Nb、Ta和Zr、Hf弱富集的特征。较高的(Th/Nb) N( 1)和较低的Nb/La (1)比值稳定的La/Nb和Th/Nb比值说明其岩浆侵位过程中壳源物质的混染不强;而较高的Th/Yb比值,较低的Th/U和La/Nb比值说明源区存在一定俯冲物质的参与;此外,较低的Nb/Yb、Th/U,明显的Nb和Ta负异常平坦的HREE配分形式排除了来自OIB类似岩浆源区的可能;而较低的Nb/Yb比值及较高的ε_(Hf)(t)值(平均值为1.08)说明镁铁质岩浆主要来自亏损的软流圈地幔。因此,该辉绿岩更可能源于受俯冲作用改造的亏损软流圈地幔的部分熔融,此幔源熔体在上升过程中与大陆岩石圈发生相互作用导致少量壳源物质的混染。结合区内二叠纪基性-超基性岩脉的地球化学特征本文认为辉绿岩岩浆源区受到先前俯冲物质的混染辉绿岩形成于晚三叠世软流圈上隆的岩石圈伸展构造背景。在系统分析前人关于柳园地区早二叠至晚三叠世中酸性和基性-超基性侵入岩锆石Hf同位素数据后,本文发现:自～280Ma至～220Ma北山南部中-酸性侵入岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值具有先降后升的变化趋势而同期基性-超基性岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值主要呈逐渐降低走势。结合前人关于二叠纪至三叠纪区域构造变形、盆地沉积物源、岩浆演化和成矿作用等研究,本文认为Hf同位素的上述变化与北山南部构造演化有关指示该区的碰撞造山可能持续到早-中三叠世,并在晚三叠世进入造山后伸展环境。该认识进一步完善了北山地区自晚古生代至早中生代的构造演化过程。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

Composition,formation conditions,and genesis of the Talatui gold deposit,the Eastern Transbaikal Region,Russia

The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag₂Te) and matildite (AgBiS₂). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...