金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的特征及与其它岩类中铬尖晶石之对比

本文根据我国金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的a_0、比重、红外光谱分析、穆斯堡尔谱分析、湿法化学分析、探针分析和稀土元素分析资料及其它岩类中的铬尖晶石类的化学成分资料,研究了各金伯利岩区之间及其区内各岩体的铬尖晶石的差异,指出了作为粗晶、原生基质矿物、金刚石中的包体、金伯利岩深源包体中的矿物产出的铬尖晶石特征,将金伯利岩中的铬尖晶石与其它岩类中的铬尖晶石作了对比。研究表明,地球上,所有铬尖晶石中,以金刚石中铬尖晶石包体的Cr_2O_3组分最高。同时,随着金伯利岩中金刚石含量增加,岩石中粗晶铬尖晶石的Cr_2O_3组分增加,625—645cm~(-1)及500—525cm~(-1)红外吸收谱带向低频率方向移动,IS[Fe~(3+)(B)]穆斯堡尔参数增高,QS[Fe~(3+)(B)]及QS[Fe~(2+)(A)]穆斯堡尔参数降低。     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰纯橄岩中橄榄石的出溶特征及指示意义

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰纯橄岩中橄榄石存在透辉石和磁铁矿共生出溶现象。这类纯橄岩非常新鲜,主要由橄榄石、尖晶石和透辉石等矿物组成。橄榄石的Fo值是90.1~90.7,铬尖晶石的Cr~#为19.8~20.8,远小于蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中常见纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的铬值(Cr~#60)。基于前人研究结果,提出这种现象是由于亏损方辉橄榄岩与含钛、铝、钙熔体发生交代作用,从而形成橄榄石的固溶体存在Ti~(4+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(3+),而Cr~(3+)进入铬尖晶石结晶。后期由于岩体在抬升过程中降温,橄榄石中出溶形成单斜辉石和磁铁矿,而铬尖晶石结晶被保留。依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石的矿物化学成分,识别出低铬纯橄岩具有最低的部分熔融程度为~8%,Cr~#最高的纯橄岩壳其部分熔融程度达到~50%,表明不同岩相间其形成背景存在明显差异。因此,笔者认为普兰蛇绿岩具有多阶段的过程。首先是在洋中脊环境下经历富Ca、Al和Na等熔体交代和部分熔融作用,后受到俯冲带玻安质熔体改造。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物种类划分及指示意义

晶体矿物学理论认为不同成岩环境金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物由于形成物理化学条件不同,其晶体结构和化学成分会发生明显的变化,通过对无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩岩管中的尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数和化学成分的测定,研究尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数变化与无矿、贫矿、富矿金伯利岩的内在关系,可以提高金伯利岩型金刚石矿床找矿效率。为了确定辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物种属,探讨辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物化学成分和晶胞参数与金伯利岩含矿性关系,本文运用电子探针波谱仪对50件尖晶石族矿物中的MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO及Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,运用单晶X射线衍射仪对136个尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数进行测定。数据统计显示:瓦房店金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物为铬铁矿和镁铬铁矿,以化学分子式中A、B组主要阳离子占位特征为基础,可把矿区的尖晶石族矿物划分为10个亚种;如果用尖晶石族矿物化学成分中Cr2O3与(Cr2O3+Al2O3)含量的比值Cr'来表示尖晶石族矿物与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,金伯利岩岩体含矿性由富矿→中等含矿→贫矿,相应岩体中尖晶石族矿物Cr'值分别为89.5%、83.4%~87.1%和70.2%,逐渐变低;从无矿金伯利岩岩体→贫矿和中等含矿金伯利岩岩体→富矿金伯利岩岩体,金伯利岩体中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数分别为0.831~0.832 nm、0.834~0.836 nm、0.837 nm,有逐渐变大的趋势。本文认为,辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中第一世代尖晶石族矿物晶胞参数大小和Cr'参数可以作为判断辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩含矿性的指示标型。     

瓦房店30号岩管金伯利岩中尖晶石成分特征及其意义

与金刚石伴生的尖晶石,常作为指示矿物来评价金伯利岩的含矿性。为了解瓦房店30号岩管金伯利岩中尖晶石特征,本文对其进行了细致的形态学观察和电子探针分析。结果表明,尖晶石呈椭圆状-次棱角状,粒径大(500~1000μm),部分被熔蚀成港湾状。尖晶石中Cr_2O_3(最高达66.56%)和MgO(8.88%~16.68%)含量高,Ti含量低(大部分1%),为镁铬铁矿。尖晶石成分变化受Al~(3+)-Cr~(3+)类质同象作用控制。尖晶石为地幔捕掳晶,原地幔岩为橄榄岩。尖晶石成分特征表明30号岩管金伯利岩具有一定地携带金刚石的能力,但与50号岩管和蒙阴常马庄金伯利岩相比,30号岩管金伯利岩金刚石含矿性弱。     

陕北斜坡店塔地区铬尖晶石特征

前人已在鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡圈出了铬尖晶石指示矿物的异常区和远景区,研究表明,区内店塔地区铬尖晶石具幔源特征,铬尖晶石表面具阶梯状小立方体结晶纹理结构,与国外含金刚石岩体中铬尖晶石表面特征具有相似性,表明店塔地区铬尖晶石可能与含金伯利岩岩体有关。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物特征及其地质意义

尖晶石作为副矿物存在于金伯利岩中,贯穿了金伯利岩的整个演化过程,其形态和成分特征可有效用于反映金伯利岩岩浆的演化过程。为了解蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石的矿物学特征及其地质意义,对其进行了偏反光显微镜下观察、电子探针(EMPA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析。结果表明,山东蒙阴金伯利岩基质中尖晶石的自形程度较高,粒径通常为20~60μm,多具有环带,为原生尖晶石。自尖晶石的核部至边部,Cr含量逐渐降低,Ti含量逐渐升高,Fe~(2+)/(Fe~(2+)+Mg)呈逐渐上升状态。据其形态可分为自形-半自形颗粒和环礁结构颗粒。不同的环带特征可能由多个因素造成,如形成环境的热扰动、压力变化及融体成分变化等。这些差异特征反映华北克拉通金伯利岩经历了长时间复杂的演化过程。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中铬尖晶石成分的两种分带趋势及其成…

首次报道金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的两种成分分带趋势，其中斑晶铬尖晶石以核部富Ｃｒ、边缘逐渐富Ａｌ和Ｆｅ＾３＋为特征，该铬尖晶石为金伯利岩岩浆上升过程中形成的；基质铬尖晶石则同上述变化趋势相反，它们是岩浆在温、压增大或母岩在熔融程度增加过程中形成的。根据Ｃｒ２Ｏ３含量，基质铬尖晶石可分为两类：一是岩浆演化晚期，岩管爆发前增压过程中结晶的低铬铁尖晶；二是来自深源捕虏体的高铬铁尖晶石，本文探讨了它们的形成机制     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中铬尖晶石成分的两种分带趋势及其成因探讨

首次报道金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的两种成分分带趋势，其中斑晶铬尖晶石以核部富Ｃｒ、边缘逐渐富Ａｌ和Ｆｅ￣（＋３）为特征，该铬尖晶石为金伯利岩岩浆上升过程中形成的；基质铬尖晶石则同上述变化趋势相反，它们是岩浆在温、压增大或母岩在熔融程度增加过程中形成的。根据Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３含量，基质铬尖晶石可分为两类：一是岩浆演化晚期，岩管爆发前槽压过程中结晶的低铬铁尖晶石（Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３＜５４％）；二是来自深源捕虏体的高铬铁尖晶石（Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３＞６０％），本文探讨了它们的形成机制。     

山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物特征及种类划分

山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中的尖晶石族矿物究竟是铬铁矿还是尖晶石一直倍受争议,为了确定山东蒙阴矿区形态复杂的尖晶石族矿物种类,项目组对矿区的尖晶石族矿物进行了系统的采样,利用电子探针对50件尖晶石族矿物MgO、FeO、TiO2、Al2O3、MnO、Cr2O3进行微区化学成分分析,结果显示,山东蒙阴金刚石矿区金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物A、B端元成分复杂,不存在单纯的铬铁矿或尖晶石矿物种,以化学分子式分类为基础得到的尖晶石族矿物种类主要有:铁镁-铬铁钛、镁铁-铬铁铝钛、铁镁-铬铝铁、镁铁-铬铝铁、铁镁-铬铁钛铝、镁铁-铬铝、铁镁-铬铝7个亚种。山东蒙阴金伯利岩中尖晶石族矿物的主要端元组分为MgAl2O4、MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4,矿物化学成分分析表明,Mg质量分数较高(7.3%~11.8%),其中Fe、Mg离子数比近于1:1,构成富镁的铬铁矿。     

鄂尔多斯古陆金刚石成矿条件及找矿潜力

鄂尔多斯古陆具有稳定的结晶基底和沉积盖层,也存在有利于金伯利岩形成的深切地幔的深大断裂构造。在山西柳林尖家沟地区发现众多金伯利岩,在山西应县和大同地区发现金伯利岩、钾镁煌斑岩及似金伯利岩等与金刚石形成有关的岩体,在这些地区也发现少量微粒金刚石和大量指示矿物;圈出内蒙古新庙、陕西店塔2个铬尖晶石指示矿物异常区。陕西店塔地区还发现与金伯利岩岩浆活动有关的环状构造。鄂尔多斯古陆区具备原生金刚石形成条件,具有良好的找矿潜力。     

湘东北幕阜山含绿帘石花岗闪长岩岩浆的上升速率：岩相学和矿物化学证据

出露于扬子地块东南缘的幕阜山复式岩体侵位年龄约为145Ma.该复式岩体的花岗闪长岩及其暗色微粒包体都含有独特的岩浆绿帘石.这些绿帘石呈自形晶,普遍发育熔蚀结构,部分具褐帘石核.微粒包体及花岗闪长岩中绿帘石的Ps值((100Fe3+/(Fe3++Al))均集中在26～28,TiO2含量小于0.2%,为典型的岩浆成因.岩相...     

辽宁赛马霓霞正长岩黑云母地球化学特征、40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

黑云母不仅是理想的40Ar-39Ar年代学定年矿物,其化学组成还可用来指示母岩浆物理化学条件、岩浆源区及分异演化程度、成矿潜力和成岩构造环境.本文对辽宁赛马碱性杂岩体中分布最为广泛的霓霞正长岩中的黑云母开展系统电子探针分析和40Ar-39Ar定年,结合pMELTS软件对前人全岩主量元素分析数据开展了平衡结晶计算,探讨了母岩浆物理化学性质、演化过程和成岩构造背景.电子探针分析结果表明赛马霓霞正长岩黑云母具有高铁高钛特征,属铁质黑云母.根据黑云母主量元素含量及比值估算黑云母结晶温度为770~800℃,lgf_O2介于-16~-14,而pMELTS平衡结晶计算结果表明整个霓霞正长岩岩浆体系于1 300℃以上便已开始结晶,且随温度降低氧逸度呈现不断降低的趋势,这种较高温度和持续降低的氧逸度环境不利于岩浆热液的分异,使得碱金属（Na）、挥发分及铀钍稀有元素保留在岩浆房内并在后期钠质岩浆（异霞正长岩）结晶分异过程中富集成矿.部分黑云母发育完好的振荡环带,且核部较幔部具有更高的TiO₂、Na₂O含量和更低的SiO₂含量和Fe3+/（Fe3++Fe2+）比值,也进一步证实黑云母结晶后残余岩浆具有更低氧逸度和更高Na含量.赛马碱性岩是华北克拉通北缘近东西向碱性岩带的一部分,本文获得其黑云母40Ar-39Ar年龄为222 Ma左右,形成于古亚洲洋闭合之后的后碰撞伸展构造背景.      

日喀则弧前盆地碎屑铬尖晶石地球化学与物源判别

该工作在藏南日喀则弧前盆地砂岩中发现了大量碎屑铬尖晶石。电子探针化学成分分析显示这些铬尖晶石具有高铬(铬指数Cr#为0.52~0.89)、低Fe3+含量(Fe3+/ Fe2+<0.5)、低TiO2含量(多小于0.2%)的特征,指示这些铬尖晶石来源于与洋壳俯冲作用有关的橄榄岩和火成岩,因此弧火山岩和SSZ型蛇绿岩套是其最可能的物源。考虑到日喀则弧前盆地的碎屑物主要来源于拉萨地体,而拉萨地体北侧的班公-怒江缝合带的碎屑物质不可能穿过晚白垩世时期已经隆起的冈底斯岩浆弧。笔者推测,铬尖晶石可能来自于冈底斯弧和拉萨地体内部已经消失的古蛇绿岩套。     

Petrogenesis of the anorthosite-chromitite association: crystal-chemical and petrological insights from the Rum Layered Suite, NW Scotland

Thirteen Cr-bearing spinels from major horizons of magma replenishment in the open-system Rum Layered Suite have been analysed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and electron microprobe analyses. On the basis of the structural parameters and the chemistry of these spinels the so-called Rum trend, in which Al-content increases at the expense of Cr and Fe³⁺, has been easily recognised. In addition, natural spinels with Fe³⁺ content similar to synthetic spinels on the MgCr₂O₄?CMgFe₂O₄ join have been analysed for the first time. Layers of chromitite, anorthosite and peridotite situated within several cm of one another have yielded different intracrystalline exchange temperatures using an intercrystalline spinel-olivine thermometer. The Rum anorthosite Cr-spinels are interpreted as having crystallised within the cumulus pile following rejuvenation of the crystal mush. Their low Al-content is a function of simultaneous plagioclase crystallisation, reducing the amount of Al³⁺ present for the Cr-spinel. By contrast, Cr-spinels in well-known Archean anorthosites (e.g. Ujaragssuit nunat and Fisken?sset, western Greenland) and Sittampundi (southern India) are very aluminous in composition, attributed to crystallisation of Cr-spinel from high-alumina basalts in lower crustal magma chambers and linked to the control exerted by plagioclase crystallisation on Al content of the melt, in the absence of clinopyroxene crystallisation. The compositional differences between the Rum anorthosite Cr-spinels and the Fisken?sset and Sittampundi Cr-spinels suggest that postcumulus reaction of Cr-spinel and melt to low (800?C900°C) temperatures, as invoked for the Rum crystals, may not have been as important a process in the Archean anorthosites.     

Structural and magnetic microinhomogeneities in accessory spinel of the system Fe2+(Cr2–xFex3+)O4 from the Kytlym massif (Urals platinum-bearing belt)

The microstructure and magnetic properties of accessory Fe–Cr-spinels from the Kytlym massif of the Urals platinum-bearing belt were studied. Atypical Fe–Cr-spinels in the form of magnetic microareas in grains of primary nonmagnetic Fe–Cr-spinel have been revealed for the first time in the bed dunites of the Kytlym multiphase concentrically zoned massif, North Urals. These spinels are responsible for the magnetic properties of the dunites. It has been established that the microareas are separations in solid solution Fe²⁺(Cr_2–xFe_x³⁺)O₄, which are enriched in Fe^3 + and are probably an intermediate product of the transformation of primary accessory Fe-Cr-spinel during the formation of the dunite massif. These are magnetic microphases with particular chemical composition, cation distribution, and corresponding reversed crystal lattice, which determine the main magnetic properties of the microarea: the magnitude and direction of magnetization vector and Curie temperature. The formation of this earlier unknown type of magnetic Fe–Cr-spinel is probably conjugate with the formation and concentration of PGE mineralization in the bed dunites of the Kytlym platinum-bearing massif. The presence of such magnetization carriers in rocks and ores must be taken into account in geophysical research at the Urals chromite and platinum–chromite deposits.     

无机水化学离子在实验流域降雨径流过程中的响应及其示踪意义

为研究无机水化学离子在降雨径流示踪中的可能性,在实验流域实测降雨、地面径流、壤中流、地下水径流过程和流域内17个测孔的地下水过程中,施测了Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO₄2-,HCO₃-+CO₃2-,NO₃-,F-,NH₄-,PO₄2-,SiO₂和pH,EC,18O的同步过程,还施测了少数土壤水水样。结果是:①在Ca2+与Cl-/SO₄2-和EC与Na+/(Na++Ca2+)的关系中以及除NO₃-,NH₄-,PO₄2-外的所有离子,都可识别出上述各种径流组分;②径流离子过程均与降雨离子过程相仿,随径流组分从地面到地下而渐趋坦化;③除个例外,离子浓度过程均以降雨为最小并从地面径流到地下水径流渐次增大;④降雨和地下水离子过程表现为径流离子过程的两端元;⑤在降雨和各径流组分中,18O过程与大部分离子过程有一定的同步性。从以上结果认为,降雨并不是流域径流离子输出的主要来源,然而却是形成它的主要控制因素。此外,有关试验结果还对应用Cl-进行地下水补给的估算方法提出了问题。     

华北地台某些地区变质岩中的钙质角闪石

本文研究了华北地台某些地区变质岩中的130个钙质角闪石的化学成分、多色性等特征及其控制因素,认为角闪石的含铁度主要决定于寄主岩石的〈FeO〉/MgO比值,而Ti、Al~(IV)、(Na+K)含量主要决定于变质条件,Ng方向多色性主要与Ti的含量有关。     

Smectite interactions with flavomononucleotide

Adsorption isotherms and UV-visible and Mossbauer spectroscopic data point to specific interactions between flavomononucleotide (FMN) and Fe(3+)-smectite. The maximum amount of FMN adsorption was 0.3 mmole/g of Fe(3+)-smectite giving a 1:1 molar proportion of Fe3+ and FMN. The results suggest a Fe(3+)-FMN complex residing at the smectite surface. Other homoionic smectites (Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+) exhibited lower levels of adsorption and less apparent specific interaction.     

Alteration patterns of chromian spinels from La Cabaña peridotite,south-central Chile

La Cabaña peridotite is part of a dismembered ophiolite complex located within the metamorphic basement of the Coastal Cordillera of south-central Chile, and is the only location in Chile were Cr-spinels have been described so far. The La Cabaña peridotite is part of the Western Series unit, which comprises meta-sedimentary rocks, metabasites, and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. This unit has been affected by greenschist-facies metamorphism with reported peak PT conditions of 7.0–9.3 kbar and 380°–420 °C. Within La Cabaña peridotite Cr-spinels are present in two localities: Lavanderos and Centinela Bajo. In Lavanderos, Cr-spinel occurs in small chromitite pods and as accessory/disseminated grains with a porous or spongy texture in serpentinite, whereas in Centinela Bajo Cr-spinel is present as accessory zoned grains in partly serpentinized dunites, and in chromitite blocks. All Cr-spinels display variable degrees of alteration to Fe²⁺-rich chromite with a variation trend of major elements from chromite to Fe²⁺-rich chromite similar to those observed in other locations, i.e., an increase in Fe₂O₃ and FeO, a decrease in Al₂O₃ and MgO. Cr₂O₃ content increases from chromite to Fe²⁺-rich chromite in chromitite pods from Lavanderos and chromitite blocks from Centinela Bajo, but decreases in ferrian chromite zones in accessory grains from Centinela Bajo. The minor element (Ti, V, Zn, Ni) content is mostly low and does not exceed 0.4 wt.%, with the exception of MnO (<0.9 wt.%), which shows a correspondence with increasing degree of alteration. Cr# (Cr/Cr?+?Al) versus Mg# (Mg/Mg?+?Fe²⁺) and Fe³⁺/Fe³⁺+Fe²⁺ versus Mg# plots are used to illustrate the Cr-spinel alteration process. Overall, the Cr-spinels from Lavanderos (chromitite pods and disseminated grains) exhibit Cr# values ranging from 0.6 to 1.0, Mg# (Mg/Mg?+?Fe²⁺) below 0.5, and (Fe³⁺/Fe³⁺+Fe²⁺) <0.4. Cr-spinels from chromitites in Centinela Bajo have Cr# and Mg# values that range from 0.65 to 1.0, and 0.7-0.3, respectively, and (Fe³⁺/Fe³⁺+Fe²⁺)?3+/Fe³⁺+Fe²⁺) ratio is less than 0.4 in chromite cores and Fe²⁺-rich chromite, and >0.5 in ferrian chromite and Cr-magnetite. Interpretation of the data obtained and Cr-spinel textures indicate that the alteration of Cr-spinel is a progressive process that involves in its initial stages the reaction of chromite with olivine under water-saturated conditions to produce clinochlore and Fe²⁺-rich chromite. During this stage the chromite can also incorporate Ni, Mn, and/or Zn from the serpentinization fluids. As alteration progresses, Fe²⁺-rich chromite loses mass resulting in the development of a spongy texture. In a later stage and under more oxidizing conditions Fe³⁺ is incorporated in chromite/Fe²⁺-rich chromite shifting its composition to an Fe³⁺-rich chromite (i.e., ferrian chromite). Depending on the fluid/rock and Cr-spinel/silicate ratios, Cr-magnetite can also form over Fe²⁺-rich chromite and/or ferrian chromite as a secondary overgrowth. The compositional changes observed in Cr-spinels from La Cabaña reflect the initial stages of alteration under serpentinization conditions. Results from this study show that the alteration of Cr-spinels is dependent on temperature. The degree and extent of alteration (formation of Fe²⁺-rich and/or ferrian chromite) are controlled by the redox nature of the fluids, the Cr-spinel/silicate and the fluid/rock ratios.     

新疆玉海-三岔口铜矿黑云母矿物化学特征及成岩成矿意义

黑云母的化学成分对于揭示结晶条件、岩石成因、成矿演化以及含矿性评价等具有重要的指示意义.利用电子探针（EPMA）对新疆玉海和三岔口铜矿中的黑云母进行成分分析,结果表明与成矿相关岩体的黑云母具有富镁贫铁的特征,而无矿化岩体中的黑云母则呈现富铁贫镁的特征.分析结果显示矿化岩体中黑云母为再平衡镁质黑云母,而无矿化岩体中黑云母为原生铁质黑云母;它们的寄主岩石均属于I型花岗岩,形成于与俯冲相关的构造背景,但是与矿化相关岩体的岩浆源区为壳幔混合来源,而无矿岩体的源区为地壳来源,形成过程中有新生地壳组分的混染;两类黑云母的结晶温度为529~677 ℃,寄主岩体的固结压力为1.1~2.8 kbar,均形成于高氧逸度条件;此外,黑云母的Mg/Fe和Fe2+/（Fe2++Mg2+）还可以区分斑岩型铜矿的含矿性.