闽西南基性岩脉中捕获锆石SIMSU-Pb年龄及Hf、O同位素特征

测定了闽西南地区5件基性岩脉的全岩主微量元素,锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf,O同位素。5件岩脉主要为辉绿岩,其全岩SiO_2含量为45%~53%,稀土元素显示轻稀土富集的右倾配分模式。基性岩脉中大部分锆石具明显振荡环带和扇状环带,为典型岩浆结晶锆石特征。锆石U-Pb年龄(96~2 400 Ma)分布较为分散。除少量锆石年龄(96~142 Ma)可能指示岩脉形成年龄外,其余均为捕获锆石。捕获锆石年龄主要分布在4个范围:早元古代(2 467~1 796 Ma),中晚元古代—震旦纪(1 343~647 Ma),志留纪—晚三叠世(427~225 Ma),晚侏罗世(159~140 Ma)。Hf-O同位素显示早元古代锆石来源于接近球粒陨石均一储库的地幔。中晚元古代以后年龄的锆石其Hf-O同位素均具有亏损地幔岩浆与地壳组分混合的特征;志留纪—晚侏罗世锆石主要来源于S型壳源花岗岩的重熔;早白垩世晚期的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值与δ~(18)O值清晰地显示出亏损地幔与地壳岩浆混合的趋势。闽西南基性岩脉中锆石的二阶段Hf亏损地幔模式年龄(TDM2)峰值主要分布在1.6~1.9 Ga,说明早元古代晚期幔源岩浆作用形成的基性岩地壳可能是形成后期花岗岩的主要源区。     

皖南谭山岩体成因:年代学和地球化学制约

皖南地区广泛发育燕山期岩浆岩,可以划分为早、晚两个阶段,年龄分别为152~136 Ma和136~122 Ma。谭山岩体是其中一个出露面积较大的复式岩体,主要发育两个侵入期次,分别以二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩为主。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为128.5±1.7~126.7±1.7 Ma,而钾长花岗岩形成年龄为128.2±1.6 Ma,均为晚阶段岩浆活动的产物。谭山岩体两种类型的岩性均表现出富碱、富铁、高Ga/Al比值、强烈亏损Ba、Sr,并具显著的Eu负异常,具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。两类岩石中锆石具有相似的Hf-O同位素组成,ε_(Hf)(t)值变化范围介于-8.04~-2.47之间,δ~(18)O值介于8.2‰~9.6‰之间,Hf-O同位素组成与下扬子广泛发育的新元古代地体中的锆石Hf-O同位素变化范围基本一致,指示谭山岩体的岩浆起源于高温低压环境,主体为下扬子中元古代增生地壳深熔作用的产物,并有少量地幔物质的混合,指示本地区在燕山期晚阶段岩浆作用期间处在强烈拉张的构造背景。     

粤东田东钨锡多金属矿床花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其意义

田东钨锡多金属矿床位于粤东莲花山断裂带北东带,矿区出露多个岩性侵入岩。本文以田东钨锡多金属矿区三种花岗岩为研究对象,开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素特征研究。三种花岗岩岩性分别为中粒花岗岩、粗粒花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩,分别获得锆石206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为191.5±0.9 Ma、158.0±1.3 Ma、140.5±0.8 Ma,表明矿区发生了多次岩浆活动事件,分别发生在早侏罗世、晚侏罗世和早白垩世。中粒花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于4.023~9.784,平均值为7.644,在εHf(t)-t图解上,εHf(t)值均在球粒陨石演化线之上,亏损地幔演化线之下,二阶段模式年龄介于611.0~974.9Ma,表明成岩物质主要来源于新生地壳部分熔融,还有幔源物质的加入。粗粒花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于-3.623~-0.120,平均值为-1.680。细粒黑云母花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于-5.358~-1.609,平均值为-3.577。在εHf(t)-t图解上,粗粒花岗岩和细粒黑云母花岗岩的εHf(t)值均落在球粒陨石演化线之下和中元古代地壳演化线之上,二阶段模式年龄分别介于1216.6~1438.5 Ma和1329.9~1422.5 Ma,表明成岩物质主要来源于中元古代古老地壳部分熔融,还有幔源物质的加入。     

西藏邦铺钼铜多金属矿床含矿斑岩的地球化学:对成岩源区与成矿机制的启示

邦铺矿床是发育于冈底斯成矿带东段的大型斑岩型钼铜矿床。其含矿岩体的岩浆源区及成矿机制依然存在争议。本次研究从含矿岩体全岩主微量元素、锆石U-Pb定年、Hf-O同位素组成等方面做了进一步的探讨。含矿石英二长斑岩年龄为13.9±0.3Ma~14.0±0.2Ma,落在冈底斯带上的其他中新世斑岩型矿床含矿岩体成岩年龄范围内。含矿岩体锆石氧同位素组成比较均一,δ18O值为4.72‰~7.22‰(均值5.99‰);锆石εHf(t)值为-2.3~+5.6。锆石原位Hf-O同位素结果表明岩浆源区具有二端元混合的特点,且主要来自亏损地幔(如MORB)组分。与驱龙斑岩铜钼矿床相比,邦铺钼铜矿床Hf-O同位素更接近陆壳端元,表明在岩浆演化过程中遭受了更多富Mo的陆壳物质的混入,因此导致了驱龙是以铜为主要成矿元素的斑岩铜钼矿床,而邦铺矿床为具有更低Cu/Mo值的斑岩型钼铜矿床。     

骑田岭芙蓉锡矿的成岩和成矿物质来源： 锆石Lu Hf 同位素和矿物包裹体He Ar同位素证据

本文分析测试了骑田岭花岗岩芙蓉锡矿的各类花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄和Lu-Hf同位素组成。本区有两期花岗岩,早期角闪石黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为160.02.7 Ma,晚期黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为156.5±1.8 Ma。在晚期矿化的黑云母花岗岩中出现了蜕晶化锆石,蜕晶化锆石强烈富集LREE和U、Th,是典型热液锆石的特征。四个花岗岩锆石的Lu-Hf同位素组成说明骑田岭花岗岩的成岩物质主要来源于下地壳,它们的原始岩浆源于中元古代(1.3~1.5Ga)下地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分地幔物质的参与。还分析测定了骑田岭芙蓉锡矿黄铁矿、石榴子石流体包裹体的He-Ar同位素组成,其3 He/4 He比值较低(0.059~0.432),介于地壳和地幔流体3 He/4 He比值之间,表明芙蓉锡矿的成矿流体主要来源于地壳,同时有部分地幔流体的参与成矿。     

苏鲁造山带五莲地区岩浆岩元素和同位素地球化学研究

对苏鲁造山带五莲地区新元古代和中生代岩浆岩分别进行了主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和氧同位素研究。结果表明,新元古代花岗岩具有显著的LREE富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常。εNd(t)为-12．6--6．9,可能与古元古代老地壳物质再循环有关。锆石δ18O值为-1．02-7．60‰,变化范围较大,近半数样品明显低于典型地幔锆石δ18O 值。新元古代辉长岩具有板内裂谷环境的特征,其εNd(t)在1．6-5．3之间,说明其岩浆起源于亏损地幔,但是经受了一定程度的地壳混染作用。唯一一个辉长岩样品的锆石δ18O值与部分花岗岩锆石δ18O值一样,明显高于典型地幔值,可能是基性岩浆在沿裂谷喷发过程中经历了低温热液蚀变,随后又发生破火山口垮塌,导致蚀变玄武岩在岩浆房重熔而形成高δ18O岩浆。中生代花岗岩和闪长岩表现出明显的高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P和Ti)负异常以及显著的LREE富集。εNd(t)值很低(-19．2 --15．3),同样是由古老地壳物质部分熔融形成。其锆石δ18O变化范围为3．19-6．43‰,大多数样品与典型地幔锆石一样。石英与锆石之间大都达到并保存了氧同位素平衡分馏,而其它矿物(如长石、黑云母和角闪石等)与锆石之间由于受到岩浆期后亚固相热液蚀变而大都表现出明显的氧同位素不平衡分馏。元素和氧同位素特征表明,中生代闪长岩可能是基性下地壳脱水部分熔融并经过结晶分异形成的;花岗岩则可能是由中性下地壳的脱水部分熔融形成的。新元古代花岗岩与中生代花岗岩在微量元素配分模型和Sr-Nd同位素组成上具有十分相似的特征,因此未经历强烈热液蚀变的新元古代花岗质侵入岩可能是中生代花岗岩的原岩。但这些新元古代岩浆岩的锆石δ18O变化范围较大,与中生代岩浆岩相比在流体活动性元素含量上也存在差别,这可能是由于新元古代岩浆岩侵位深度比中生代岩浆岩源区所处深度相对较浅所致。现有的研究结果表明,新元古代岩浆岩的形成与约740-760Ma的Rodinia超大陆裂解有关的裂谷岩浆活动有关,新生地壳物质作为热源启动了热液蚀变,并局部形成了低δ18O岩浆。而中生代岩浆岩则是俯冲陆壳在加厚造山带背景下的部分熔融产物,岩浆源区物质由于所处深度较大没有受到明显的高温大气降水热液蚀变。     

福建平潭岛花岗质岩石成因:来自锆石U-Pb定年、O-Hf同位素及黑云母矿物化学的约束

东南沿海地区发育具有"等同位素组成"特征的晚中生代双峰式火成岩,其成因备受争论。本文选择了福建省平潭岛双峰式杂岩体中的花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩与花岗岩开展了高精度锆石U-Pb定年、原位O-Hf同位素和黑云母矿物化学方面的研究,以探讨这些花岗质岩石的成因。分析结果显示,花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩与花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为116.8±1.0Ma、116.3±1.0Ma与117.4±1.0Ma,表明它们均侵位于早白垩世。这三类岩石也有较为相似的锆石O-Hf同位素组成。其中,锆石的δ18O分别变化为4.6%~5.3‰、4.8%~5.3‰及5.0%~5.6‰,与地幔的O同位素值基本一致。锆石的εHf(t)变化范围分别为+2.0^+7.1、+2.8^+6.5及+1.8^+5.6,相应的两阶段模式年龄tDM2分别为741~1046Ma、754~995Ma及815~1058Ma。锆石O-Hf同位素数据反映其熔融源区主要为相对较年轻的地壳物质,来自华夏地块古老基底的贡献较少。另外,黑云母矿物化学暗示这三类岩石具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征。但是,黑云母种属在不同岩性间存在差异,其中花岗闪长岩与英云闪长岩中的黑云母为镁质类型,花岗岩中的黑云母为铁质类型。从花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩到花岗岩,黑云母的结晶温度和岩浆体系的氧逸度均逐渐降低,这与钙碱性岩浆分异演化的趋势基本一致。结合前人研究资料及区域地质演化历程,我们认为平潭岛杂岩体中的花岗质岩石形成于古太平洋俯冲背景,其熔融源区主要为新增生地壳物质。花岗质岩石内部岩性的差别主要是母岩浆经历不同程度分异演化的结果。我们的研究结果暗示壳幔岩浆混合在东南沿海早白垩世长英质岩石形成过程中所具有的作用可能较为有限。     

大别山中生代中酸性岩浆岩锆石U-Pb定年、元素和氧同位素地球化学研究

对大别山中生代主簿源、天柱山和团岭中酸性岩浆岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素分析以及全岩和单矿物的氧同位素分析。结果表明,这些富钾的中酸性侵入岩表现出明显的轻稀土富集和高场强元素(Nb、P和Ti)负异常,与围岩片麻岩之间具有类似的微量元素分布特征和初始Sr-Nd-Ph同位素组成。锆石U-Pb年龄指示了早白垩世(121～131Ma)的岩浆结晶年龄。通过CL照相和SHRIMP定年在某些锆石颗粒中发现了老的继承核,年龄分别为742～815Ma和222Ma。这些新元古代和三叠纪核年龄分别与大别-苏鲁造山带超高压变火成岩原岩年龄和超高压变质年龄一致。尽管石英和锆石具有较小的δ~(18)O值变化范围(石英:6.30‰～8.66‰,锆石:4.14‰～6.11‰),全岩和其它单矿物氧同位素比值变化较大(全岩:0.07‰～7.13‰,钾长石:0.55‰～7.40‰,斜长石:-4.88‰～6.96‰),大多数锆石具有与正常地幔锆石(5.3±0.3‰)一致的δ~(18)O值。大多数样品的石英-锆石之间保存了氧同位素平衡分馏,而其它矿物(如,钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石)与锆石之间则大多表现出明显的氧同位素不平衡分馏,指示它们受到了岩浆期后亚固相水-岩相互作用的扰动。元素和同位素特征表明,大别山中生代中性岩起源于加厚基性下地壳的脱水部分熔融,在岩浆侵位过程中伴随有结晶分异作用;而花岗岩则起源于与北大别TTG正片麻岩具有相似化学组成的中性地壳的部分熔融。因此,大别山中生代中酸性岩岩浆源区是三叠纪扬子陆块俯冲产生的加厚地壳,形成机制可能与早白垩世地幔超柱事件热扰动所引起的部分熔融有关。     

青藏高原北羌塘三叠纪花岗岩中发现新元古代的基底信息:来自锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄和Hf-O同位素的约束

羌塘地块基底研究工作是青藏高原地学领域的难点。羌塘地区是否具有前寒武纪基底一直以来存在着很大的争议,现有的年代学资料虽有报道,但至今仍缺乏统一的认识。本文对北羌塘中部双湖地区花岗岩进行了SIMS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf-O同位素地球化学研究。双湖花岗岩形成于晚三叠世(~217 Ma),并捕获~828 Ma的锆石。双湖花岗岩具有高的SiO₂、K₂O和低的MgO含量(SiO2=64.00%~69.54%,K2O=4.09%~5.17%,MgO=1.44%~3.34%),具有轻稀土元素富集的配分模式,以及富集的全岩εNd(t)值(-9.6)和锆石原位εHf(t)值(-10.8~-8.1),岩浆锆石的δ¹⁸O值为6.98‰~8.30‰。岩相学和地球化学特征表明双湖花岗岩主要来源于中下地壳的部分熔融。综合区域内时空演化格架以及大量相关地质事实,认为双湖晚三叠世花岗岩形成于后碰撞伸展构造背景。捕获锆石的阴极发光显示较明显的振荡环带,表明来自于酸性岩浆岩;其具有高的不均一的O同位素(δ¹⁸O=8.20‰~10.23‰),Hf模式年龄为1.7~1.9 Ga,表明其源岩是来自古元古代地壳物质重熔形成的S型花岗岩,代表了北羌塘地块的基底。综合区域地质、岩石地球化学特征及其捕获锆石信息,本文认为双湖花岗岩为北羌塘地块可能具有扬子型晋宁期基底提供了重要信息。     

西昆仑大红柳滩黑云母二长花岗岩岩石成因：来自锆石U-Pb年龄及Li-Hf同位素的证据

大红柳滩岩体位于西昆仑造山带东段,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及二云母花岗岩组成。笔者对大红柳滩岩体东南部的黑云母二长花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,测得黑云母二长花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为(214±1.8)Ma,说明大红柳滩岩体为印支晚期岩浆活动的产物。大红柳滩岩体具有高δ~7Li(0.76‰～3.25‰)和低Li(5.04×10-6～52.22×10~(-6))同位素地球化学特征;黑云母二长花岗岩样品的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-1.86～2.16,二阶段模式年龄为1113～1 368Ma;在ε_(Hf)(t)-锆石U-Pb年龄图解中,所有数据点均落在球粒陨石演化线附近。综合研究表明,大红柳滩岩体的原始岩浆是由地幔与中元古代地壳2个单元形成的混合岩浆。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

青海巴颜喀拉山隆升的热年代学研究

对巴颜喀拉山年宝玉则花岗岩岩体样品的锆石、磷灰石进行了裂变径迹（FT）分析。结果显示该区的隆升可以分为三大阶段：①从低绿片岩相到锆石时钟启动：从200MaBP到105．57MaBP,去顶量约为2km,样品埋深上升到距地表约6km深度。去顶速率约为0．02mm／a;②从锆石时钟启动到磷灰石时钟启动：由于磷灰石在此时已抬升到距地表约6km的深度。由此到达时钟启动需距地表约3km时,去顶量应为3km,此阶段的持续时间为101．53MaBP,去顶速率约为0．03mm／a：③从磷灰石时钟启动至达到地表（至今）：由于磷灰石在前一阶段也已抬升到距地表约3km的深度。即去顶量为3km。此阶段的持续时间为4．04MaBP,去顶速率约为0．74mm／a。