临夏黄土记录的26万年来季风快速变化

黄土高原西部高分辨率黄土序列开展的多代用指标研究,有助于揭示轨道-亚轨道尺度上东亚冬、夏季风的变化特征及动力机制。但针对同一地质记录提取冬、夏季风多代用指标进行对比和敏感性分析的工作尚不多见,因此制约了对季风快速变化特征和机理的理解。本文利用甘肃临夏85 m黄土岩芯开展高分辨率的粒度、磁化率和元素扫描分析,发现在轨道尺度上粒度和Zr/Rb比值显示的大幅冰期-间冰期波动与深海氧同位素记录有很好的对应关系,表明东亚冬季风的波动响应于北半球高纬冰量的变化。但在千年尺度上,粒度能更敏感地响应冬季风的快速变化;Rb/Sr比值和磁化率均能很好记录轨道尺度上的东亚夏季风波动,但在亚轨道尺度上Rb/Sr的敏感性明显高于磁化率。粒度、Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr所指示的东亚季风快速变化表现出较强的岁差信号,与石笋和北纬65°夏季太阳辐射有较好的对应关系,表明东亚季风变化也受到岁差直接驱动的夏季太阳辐射变的控制。在最后两个冰期-间冰期旋回中(即末期冰期旋回和倒数第二次冰期旋回)Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值和粒度记录分别可以辨别出与石笋相同数量级的变暖事件,但粒度记录的暖事件明显要多于Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值,且这些暖事件并不能一一对应。粒度及元素比值记录显著变冷的千年尺度的Heinrich(H)事件与石笋记录的夏季风明显减弱的事件有很好的对应关系,但其发生频率明显高于海洋记录。这些指标记录的千年尺度上波动信号的不一致性主要归因指标对不同气候要素敏感性的差异。未来需要进一步开展高分辨率多代用指标敏感性分析,选取对季风快速变化的敏感指标,有助于我们理解季风快速变化的特征(如周期和幅度等)和分析季风快速变化的时空差异性。     

东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积环境的地球化学特征

东营凹陷是一个北断南超的不对称箕状断陷湖盆,湖盆中的常量元素和微量元素含量及有关元素比值呈现出明显的旋回变化特征。而其中元素的分配及比值的变化、组合都在一定程度上指示着古沉积环境的演化历程。通过分析Fe,Mn,Ca,Sr等元素含量和Fe／Mn,Sr／Ba,Sr／Ca,Mg／Ca等元素比值以及碳氧同位素的变化特征。对东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段沉积时期的沉积环境进行了系统的研究。结果反映了沙四段沉积时期的古气候、古盐度、古湖水面和古生产力基本上都显示出了旋回变化的特征。     

洞穴次生化学沉积物中Mg、Sr、Ca及其比值的环境指代意义

通过桂林地区盘龙洞1号石笋和丰鱼岩4号石笋的Ca、Mg、Sr 及其比值的研究,并通过与氧同位素记录的对比分析,初步认为洞穴次生化学沉积物中的Sr、Mg、Ca 及其比值的形成既取决于环境温度的变化,又取决于水文条件的变化。当大气环流系统未发生显著变化时,岩溶水文地质条件较相似,这时, Mg /Ca和Mg /Sr 比值的变化主要取决于环境温度的变化;而当大气环流系统发生显著变化时(如出现冰期和间冰期的显著变化) , Mg /Ca 和Mg / Sr 比值则主要取决于水文地质条件,即降水条件的变化。尽管在一定的条件下利用Mg、Sr、Ca指标可以获得很高分辨率的信息,但由于Mg、Sr、Ca 地球化学习性的复杂性,以及其影响因素的多元化,这种指标作为单独指标应用就会十分危险。      

南海北部MD12-3432站深海氧同位素MIS6期到MIS5期陆源沉积物元素比值反映的古气候变化

海洋沉积物中的某些主微量元素与沉积物源区有着密切的联系,它们之间的比值变化受到源区化学风化强度的影响,因此这些元素的比值变化可以反映出海洋沉积物源区古气候的变化。本文研究了南海北部陆坡MD12-3432站位深海氧同位素6期和5期(MIS6/5) 沉积物的主微量元素,发现其表现出良好的气候控制变化特征,K/Ti、Mg/Ti、Al/Ti、Fe/Ti、Co/Ti、Zn/Ti和V/Ti等比值在MIS 5期时较高,而在MIS6期时较低。南海北部的碎屑物质主要来自中国华南地区,沉积物中元素比值的变化表明间冰期时(MIS5)华南地区陆壳化学风化增强,说明该时期华南陆地气候环境温暖湿润,这可能是间冰期时东亚夏季风加强的结果;而冰期时南海北部沉积物源区化学风化减弱,则与此时东亚冬季风较强,华南地区气候干燥寒冷相关。同时,与表层海水生产力相关的Ba/Ti比值在间冰期较高而冰期较低,反映出南海北部在间冰期时表层生产力较高而冰期时相对较低,这可能是由于东亚夏季风增强带来更多降雨,陆地化学风化作用加强,大量营养成分随河流进入南海,导致南海北部表层海水生产力增加。     

广东三水盆地古近系心组生油层的元素地球化学特征

沉积物的元素地球化学特征是对沉积盆地水体环境以及古气候条件变化的响应。本文根据元素（Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、P、V、Ni、Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Cd、Li、Mn、Pb、Ti）的含量及其比值（Al/Ti、Fe/Mn、Sr/Ba、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、Na/Ca、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ni/V）的变化，对三水盆地古近系心组红岗段生油层的沉积条件进行了系统分析。心组红岗段下部（亚段A）表现为较稳定的地球化学特征。各元素丰度及其比值指示这一时期陆源输入持续较高、且物源组成变化不大。由于海水入侵的影响，湖盆水体盐度相对较高，底部水体以弱氧化条件为主，O₂-H₂S界面位于水/沉积物界面附近。红岗段中上部（亚段B、C）的元素地球化学特征变化较为频繁且幅度很大，反映古气候和湖盆沉积条件的迅速变迁。在潮湿气候条件下，沉积物的地球化学特征表现为以Al、Ti为代表的外源元素含量及其比值较高，而Mg、Ca等盆内化学沉积元素含量较低。古氧气指标指示底部水体为还原环境，有利于有机质保存。因而，相应于较高的有机碳含量。在间歇性干旱时期，陆源输入减少，外源元素含量及其比值显著降低。随着蒸发作用的加强，水体盐度加大，内源元素丰度以及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca和Na/Ca比值大幅度上升。底部水体为氧化环境，O₂-H₂S界面多位于水/沉积物界面或沉积物中。上述两种气候条件在红岗段中上部沉积时期交替出现。红岗段沉积后期由于淡水的长期输入，湖水出现逐渐淡化趋势。     

鄂西秭归盆地下侏罗统香溪组泥岩地球化学特征及其古环境意义

泥岩中主量元素、微量元素的变化与沉积环境和古气候的变化息息相关.本文利用XRF和ICP-MS等技术手段分析了鄂西秭归地区头道河剖面下侏罗统香溪组泥岩中的主量元素和微量元素,揭示香溪组沉积时期的沉积环境和古气候特征.头道河剖面香溪组上段第1-12层Sr含量均值为113.8×10-6,第13层均值骤增为2838.3×10-6,指示水体盐度大幅上升,Ba含量及Sr/Ba比值变化指示了相同的结果.这可能是由于香溪组沉积晚期气候变得炎热干旱,水体蒸发量迅速增大导致.Ni/Co、Cu/Zn及Ceanom等指标指示香溪组沉积水体介质由早期的富氧条件转变为晚期的还原条件.Sr、Mg/Ca及CIA等指标反映了香溪组沉积晚期发生了气候升温干热化事件.这些元素分析结果揭示了香溪组上部炎热干旱的古气候特征,可能与早侏罗世托阿尔期(Toarcian)缺氧事件(T-OAE)有关.     

中全新世东亚季风年至10年际气候变率:湖北青天洞5.56～4.84ka B.P.石笋年层厚度与地球化学证据

中全新世年至10年际东亚季风气候变率及其动力学机制有助于深入了解当今全球气候变暖的自然变率贡献.本文基于湖北青天洞一支石笋的铀系年龄、年纹层计数、氧同位素和微量元素测量结果,建立了中全新世5.57～4.84ka B.P.时段平均分辨率为3～4年的东亚季风气候和洞穴地点环境演变序列.石笋年纹层由冬季亮色薄层和夏季暗色厚层组成,对应冬、夏季节层的δ18O和δ13C正负漂移与现今冬夏降水和岩溶环境同位素值变化基本吻合.然而,元素比值(Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca)揭示了冬夏季风降水与岩溶作用的复杂响应过程.在10年际尺度上,石笋氧同位素记录了3次间隔200年左右的弱季风事件,分别发生于5.56～5.50ka B.P.,5.26～5.20ka B.P.和5.01～4.94ka B.P.,每个事件大约持续60年,反映了太阳活动周期控制季风强度变化的频率.Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比值与季风强弱变化不存在明显的对应关系,但其功率谱具有200年和40年左右周期,说明东亚季风气候和岩溶环境过程之间既有共同的控制因素又有不同的演化机理.     

生物壳体Sr／Ca、Mg／Ca、^87Sr／^86Sr比值在恢复古气候、古环境中的应用—以小渡口剖面为例

生物壳体的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值能反映其沉积水体的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值，在一定条件下反映水体的盐度、温度，并分别与宿生水体的盐度、温度呈正比关系。生物壳体的^87Sr/^86Sr比值是恢复盆地古水文条件的一种重要手段。本文以著名的泥河湾盆地小渡口剖面的第28层为实例，力图通过对有孔虫、介形虫、腹足类生物壳体Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值与^87Sr/^86Sr比值的对比研究，并结合前人所作的中更新世古地理特征研究，来恢复生物壳体沉积时泥河古湖水的温度、盐度，进而进行古气候、古环境的恢复。研究结果表明：在0.97-0.94Ma间，古泥河湾湖为一陆相湖泊，湖水的温度、盐度变化趋势相吻合，均呈低－高－低的演化特征，可能对应着盆地水体的扩展－退缩－扩展变化。其中，在0.96-0.95Ma间，古泥河湾湖具有较高的温度、盐度特征。     

芙蓉洞洞穴水离子浓度和元素比值变化特征及其环境意义

通过对芙蓉洞2006年3月—2009年2月期间泉水和洞穴滴水、池水的地球化学指标监测,结合当地的器测数据,初步认为洞穴滴水的Sr2+、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度及其比值既取决于环境降水和温度的变化,也受到上覆岩土作用的影响。芙蓉洞外山上的6#泉水Ca2+平均浓度为45.81mg/L,洞内1#、3#滴水Ca2+的平均浓度64.59mg/L,2#和4#池水中由于Ca2+沉积,浓度下降到24.74mg/L,下降了大约61.7%。Mg2+和Sr2+的浓度在泉水、滴水和池水中的变化规律与Ca2+基本一致。各种水体中Cl-的浓度变化幅度较小,平均浓度为1.72±0.2mg/L。岩溶水与基岩作用时间长短以及运移过程中Ca2+的前期沉积作用对各元素与离子含量变化具有重要作用。旱季Ca2+的前期沉积作用和雨季基岩的溶蚀及雨水的稀释作用主导着岩溶水中Mg/Ca与Sr/Ca的变化,这些指标能对干旱和洪涝等极端气候事件做出响应。      

川东北石笋SI3的U/Ca值变化及其古气候意义

为探讨洞穴次生碳酸盐沉积U元素含量变化的气候环境意义,以川东北狮子洞石笋SI3为研究对象,通过对SI3的U/Ca值进行分析,发现在53.2~45.8ka之间SI3的U/Ca值变化与该石笋和格陵兰冰心NGRIP的δ~(18)O记录具有良好的对应关系。U/Ca值在东亚夏季风减弱时期偏大,在夏季风增强时期偏小。此外U/Ca值很好地记录了H5冷事件和GIS12、GIS13及GIS14暖事件。     

浑善达克沙地南缘晚更新世黄土-古土壤序列的高分辨率磁性气候记录

浑善达克沙地处于季风边缘区,目前对该区域末次间冰期以来的古气候演化历史及其动力学机制尚不清楚。文章以浑善达克沙地南缘山间低洼地带北沟剖面总厚度4.72 m(未见底)的黄土-古土壤序列为研究对象,开展了光释光测年和精细的岩石磁学、环境磁学、地球化学和漫反射光谱分析。结果表明:1)该剖面记录了末次间冰期以来完整的风成堆积历史,并通过东亚夏季风指标(Rb/Sr及χARM/χ)与深海氧同位素曲线的对比建立了13万年来该黄土-古土壤序列精细的年龄模式;2)在黄土高原上常规的用来指示成壤强度和夏季风强度的磁参数并不完全适用于干旱-半干旱地区(400 mm等降水线附近)的风成黄土,而地球化学指标在指示季风边缘区的地球化学风化过程上表现出一定的合理性,北沟剖面复杂的磁信号可能是对末次冰期季风边缘区显著减弱的夏季风的阈值响应;3)在末次间冰期东亚夏季风可以延伸到内蒙古中东部,北沟剖面记录了浑善达克沙地南缘末次间冰期以来区域古季风的演化历史。     

Impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the geochemistry of Jingyuan loess in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau

Major and trace elemental compositions of loess samples collected from the Jingyuan section in the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) were analyzed to investigate the potential impacts of grain size sorting and chemical weathering on the loess geochemistry and to extract appropriate geochemical indices for better evaluating the East Asian monsoon variability. Based on variations of major and trace elements in different grain size fractions, seventeen elements were classified into three types: (1) Si and Na display higher contents with the increased particle sizes; (2) Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Rb, Cr, V are mainly enriched in fine size fractions; (3) Ti, Ba, Zr, P, Ca and Sr show irregular variations among different size fractions. Comparison of Al-normalized elemental ratios with Zr/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios (two commonly employed indicators for grain size sorting and pedogenic weathering) indicates that Si/Al, Zr/Al, Ti/Al variations match well with Zr/Rb and grain size results, whilst Ca/Al, Sr/Al, P/Al ratios display similar variability as that of Rb/Sr ratio. Comparison of loess based proxies (e.g., elemental ratios, magnetic susceptibility, grain size) of Jingyuan section with speleothem and ice-core records confirms that elemental ratios of high-resolution loess sequences developed in the northwestern CLP can be employed to address fluctuations of the winter monsoon-induced grain size sorting and summer monsoon-related weathering and pedogenesis at glacial–interglacial and millennial timescales.     

渭河盆地末次冰盛期以来沉积环境变化研究

研究过去气候快速变化能为当前极端气候分析和未来环境预测提供自然背景理解。亚洲季风在北半球乃至全球的第四纪气候变化中扮演着重要角色,其演化是全球气候变化背景下的典型区域响应。然而,不同地质载体及不同指标所记录的亚洲冬、夏季风变化存在着较大差异,产生差异的原因及受到的动力机制是值得深入研究的科学问题。渭河盆地位于黄土高原和古三门湖沉积交叠的区域,是研究第四纪亚洲季风演化的理想场所。在盆地西南部西安市户县和长安县获取了两个黄土沉积钻孔,户县ZZC孔长4 m,长安县XFC孔长3 m,两孔的年代均超过25 ka。通过两钻孔的粒度和元素地球化学等代用指标研究,对比分析不同指标对气候变化的敏感度差异,反演了末次冰盛期(LGM)以来的区域沉积环境变化,并尝试探讨该时期发生的气候突变事件及反映的季风强度变化。结果表明,两钻孔的平均粒径从LGM到中全新世逐渐变细,中全新世之后少许变粗,空间上表现出一致性,总体反映了末次冰盛期以来的冬季风强度演化;Ca/Ti反映了与季风降水相关的淋溶强度,从LGM到全新世暖期夏季风逐渐减弱,并记录了若干次气候快速变化。粒度和元素比值变化表明,渭河盆地沉积良好地记录了末次冰盛期至全新世的大幅冷干-暖湿波动及若干次持续时间较短的快速水文变化事件,主要是受到太阳辐射和冰量等因素调控的影响。由于渭河盆地有上千米的新生代沉积,未来开展高分辨率研究有望揭示不同时间尺度季风变化特征及其与区域和全球变化的联系。     

Constraints on paleowater dissolved loads and on catchment weathering over the past 16 ka from Sr/Sr ratios and Ca/Mg/Sr chemistry of freshwater ostracode tests in sediments of Lake Constance, Central Europe

Sr isotope and Ca/Mg/Sr chemical compositions of freshwater ostracode tests separated from a sediment core represent the last 16 ka of sedimentation in Lake Constance, Central Europe. The chemical evolution of the paleowater's dissolved load of Lake Constance was estimated by correcting the ostracode data for Ca/Mg/Sr fractionation due to biogenic calcification. Since the Late Pleistocene deglaciation, the Ca/Sr molar ratios of paleowaters increased systematically from about 100 (a near marine signature) to about 200. Ca/Mg molar ratios varied in the range of 1–25. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios indicate Late Pleistocene paleowater compositions of 0.7086–0.7091, significantly more radiogenic than present day waters (0.7085). Sr isotopes and Ca/Mg/Sr chemical data together show that weathering of Mesozoic evaporites consistently dominated the dissolved Sr load (80–90%). Carbonate and silicate weathering were less important (1–10%). Trends of Sr dissolved loads were therefore not related to Mg which was mainly mobilized by carbonate weathering. Biotite weathering was an important source of radiogenic Sr in the paleowaters. The short-term release (duration about 600–800 years) of radiogenic Sr during glacier retreat started 15.2 ka ago and was due to enhanced biotite weathering at the glacier base. Long-term release of radiogenic Sr was due to biotite weathering in glacial soils and silicate rocks, and has gradually declined since the Late Pleistocene/Holocene transition.     

Variation of summer precipitation δ18O on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglacial

Orbital-scale East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) variations inferred from loess deposits in northern China and speleothems from southern China display different dominant periods, complicating our understanding of monsoon response to insolation and ice-volume forcings. Here we integrate a new microcodium δ¹⁸O record from a high-resolution last interglacial loess profile with previously published data and provide a composite microcodium δ¹⁸O record on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) since the last interglacial. The composite microcodium δ¹⁸O record displays distinct precessional cycles, consistent with speleothem δ¹⁸O records, but with different amplitude contrast (particularly during the peak interglacials). We propose that both loess and speleothem δ¹⁸O records exhibit covariations at precessional timescale oscillations. The discrepancy between loess and speleothem from southern China can be attributed to the influences of other processes besides summer precipitation on the proxies. A slight difference in amplitude between microcodium and speleothem δ¹⁸O records implies that the EASM is also influenced by inland surface boundary conditions, which has important impacts on the occurrence of EASM precipitation. Therefore, microcodium δ¹⁸O from the Chinese loess–paleosol sequences can be regarded as a representative proxy of EASM precipitation in northern China and then a reliable proxy reflecting the variation of EASM intensity.     

Environmental and biological controls on elemental (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca) ratios in shells of the king scallop Pecten maximus

The relationship between potential elemental proxies (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios) and environmental factors was investigated for the bivalve Pecten maximus in a detailed field study undertaken in the Menai Strait, Wales, U.K. An age model constructed for each shell by comparison of measured and predicted oxygen-isotope ratios allowed comparison on a calendar time scale of shell elemental data with environmental variables, as well as estimation of shell growth rates. The seasonal variation of shell Mn/Ca ratios followed a similar pattern to one previously described for dissolved Mn²⁺ in the Menai Strait, although further calibration work is needed to validate such a relationship. Shell Sr/Ca ratios unexpectedly were found to co-vary most significantly with calcification temperature, whilst shell Mg/Ca ratios were the next most significant control. The temporal variation in the factors that control shell Sr/Ca ratios strongly suggest the former observation most likely to be the result of a secondary influence on shell Sr/Ca ratios by kinetic effects, the latter driven by seasonal variation in shell growth rate that is in turn influenced in part by seawater temperature. P. maximus shell Mg/Ca ratio to calcification temperature relationships exhibit an inverse correlation during autumn to early spring (October to March-April) and a positive correlation from late spring through summer (May-June to September). No clear explanation is evident for the former trend, but the similarity of the records from the three shells analysed indicate that it is a real signal and not a spurious observation. These observations confirm that application of the Mg/Ca proxy in P. maximus shells remains problematic, even for seasonal or absolute temperature reconstructions. For the range of calcification temperatures of 5-19 °C, our shell Mg/Ca ratios in P. maximus are approximately one-fourth those in inorganic calcite, half those in the bivalve Pinna nobilis, twice those in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus, and four to five times higher than Mg/Ca ratios in planktonic and benthonic foraminifera. Our findings further support observations that Mg/Ca ratios in bivalve shell calcite are an unreliable temperature proxy, as well as substantial taxon- and species-specific variation in Mg incorporation into bivalves and other calcifying organisms, with profound implications for the application of this geochemical proxy to the bivalve fossil record.     

南海西部54万年以来元素地球化学记录及其反映的古环境演变

通过对南海西部上升流区MD05-2899孔开展高分辨率碳酸盐地层学和XRF岩芯扫描元素地球化学分析,重建了晚第四纪54万来以来东亚夏季风的演化历史,探讨海平面升降对南海西部陆源碎屑供应量的影响。研究选用了ln(Ba/Al)作为该海区古生产力的指标,ln(Br/Al)作为有机物的指标,ln(Ti/Al)作为陆源碎屑供应量的指标。研究结果显示,东亚夏季风在过去54万年以来强度不断增强,具有明显的冰期—间冰期旋回特征,在间冰期强盛和冰期减弱,是控制该海区有机物含量变化的主要因素。东亚夏季风不断强盛可能直接导致了南海周边陆地降雨增强,河流径流量加大,使得南海西部上升流区域的陆源碎屑供应量在间冰期明显高于冰期。研究发现,当相对海平面低于-60 m的时候,大面积暴露的巽他陆架可能向南海西部深水区输入大量陆源碎屑物质,造成研究站位的陆源碎屑供应量在冰盛期出现高值。因此,晚第四纪的东亚夏季风演化和海平面升降共同控制了南海西部上升流区陆源碎屑物质供应量的变化。     

Typical Geochemical Elements in Loess Deposit in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Paleoclimatic Implication

Widespread and thick loess deposit in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau records paleoclimatic changes over the Quaternary period. In this study, we investigate a loess section located in a high terrace of the Huangshui River in the Xining Basin, and collect samples at 20-cm intervals by digging a well of 16-m depth （including paleosol S1 and SO and several loess interlayers over the last glacial-interglacial cycle and the Holocene）. Concentration of some active elements （Sr and Ca） and inert elements （Rb, Zr, Ti） in these loess samples are measured. The results show that ratios of those elements （oxide）, such as Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios, would indicate sensitively paleoclimatic changes, especially the history of precipitation over the last glacial-interglacial and the Holocene. Moreover, the curves of Rb/Sr, Ti/Sr, and Zr/CaO ratios had almost the same variable trends from the bottom to the top and also closely correlated with values of magnetic susceptibility and the global marine δ^18O record. But compared with the curves of magnetic susceptibility, the changes of ratios of these elements （oxide） are clearer and easy to understand. Therefore, the ratios of these typical chemical elements in the loess deposit may be used as an excellent index to investigate the history of paleoclimate, particularly precipitation changes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.     

中更新世以来不同时间尺度亚洲中纬度气候演化的区域差异

亚洲中纬度气候主要受两大环流控制,继而划分出受亚洲季风控制季风区和受西风环流控制的西风区。已有研究发现在年代际至千年尺度上,两气候区的湿度演化存在错相位、甚至反相位的现象。文章综述了中更新世以来,多千年至轨道尺度上,两气候区的湿度演化模态的异同,以此深入了解亚洲气候演化的系统性。结果表明:二者的间冰期气候演化的整体趋势存在明显差别,尤其MIS 13以来,二者的演化趋势基本相反。在间冰期的多千年至万年尺度上,二者的气候演化模态呈现非同相位:高精度的释光测年结果显示天山地区的湿度变化滞后于黄土高原地区大概3~5 ka,且该现象在更早的间冰期可重复。在冰期的千年尺度上,两地的湿度演化基本一致,但西风区湿度的波动幅度更大。