湖北鹤峰县杨家坪滑石矿地质特征及其成因探讨

湖北鹤峰县杨家坪滑石矿位于走马—东山峰背斜南西段之南东翼，是新发现的具有中型规模的滑石矿矿床。通过对滑石矿矿床地质特征及成因进行综合研究和分析，认为矿体赋矿层位为下震旦统陡山沱组三段中上部，分为黑滑石、白滑石两层矿，两者上下相距7～10 m,均呈似层状大致与围岩整合产出，矿石具沉积特征的鲕粒结构。矿石自然类型为块状滑石、片状滑石，黑滑石矿工业类型为白云石—滑石型，白滑石矿不具备工业价值。矿体特征、矿石成分、矿石结构特征以及稀土配分模式等共同表明，矿石为同生海相沉积成因，而矿石的片理化构造显示矿床叠加有后期的变质变形作用，矿床类型为沉积改造型滑石矿床。研究成果可为走马—东山峰背斜一带滑石矿进一步找矿和研究提供依据和支撑。     

大顶铁矿南部矿带多金属矿床地质特征及矿床成因

通过对广东大顶铁矿田南部矿带多金属矿床地质特征的综合研究,总结和探计了该区多金属矿床的控矿因素、成矿规律及矿床成因。经研究表明,该区钨锡矿床为岩浆热液接触交代矽卡岩型矿床,铁矿床为海相沉积-热液改造型变质矿床,铅锌银矿床为岩浆热液交代充填型矿床。     

某区氧化锰矿床地质与找矿

一、矿床成因类型我国某区氧化锰矿床,按其成因主要有下列几个类型:(一)海相沉积矿床;(二)沉积变质矿床;(三)风化矿床,它又可分为:1.原生锰矿床氧化带氧化残留锰帽型矿床;2.卡斯特洞穴堆积矿     

青海省茫崖地区滑石矿地质特征及成因初探

青海省茫崖地区目前有两处滑石矿床，为野马滩滑石矿及茫崖石棉伴生滑石矿，两处滑石矿床的赋存地层及成矿类型不同。野马滩滑石矿赋存于古元古代金水口岩群片麻岩组的大理岩段中，主要含矿岩性为白云石大理岩，由于构造多期叠加、热液活动强烈，滑石矿床具有层控后期热液变质的特征，属区域变质叠加热液交代型；茫崖石棉矿床中的滑石矿体集中产于岩体中下部的蛇纹岩中，受超基性岩体及控岩构造的控制，成因为超基性岩热液蚀变型。通过对成矿地质背景、含矿岩性及矿体特征和矿石质量进行对比，了解区内滑石成矿类型，为寻找高品质滑石矿提供一定的参考。     

中国非金属矿床的研究进展与前沿问题

近年来对非金属矿产的开发利用发展迅速,非金属矿床学在地学领域中的位置日显重要。本文概述了中国非金属矿床的特点和现状,论述了中国非金属矿床地质学的研究领域和重要进展,探讨和总结了非金属矿床的含矿建造、成矿系列、成矿模式和成矿规律研究,非金属矿床的矿物学和矿石工艺学研究,非金属矿床的勘查技术和方法等内容。指出了中国非金属矿床和非金属矿产勘查技术进展中的一些前沿问题及研究动向。     

对辽南镁质事件的认识

所渭镁质事件,是指镁硅质石陨石陨落事件。镁的克拉克值为1.94％,是地球上极常见的造岩元素之一,主要分布在超基性岩和镁质碳酸盐岩中。菱镁矿矿床和滑石矿床与上述两类岩石关系密切,关于镁质来源和矿床成因问题,众说纷云,归纳起来,郡属于“地因说”范筹。我国菱镁矿和滑石资源十分丰富,菱镁矿矿床和滑石矿床,主要集中在辽南,形成一个镁质集中区。关于镁质来源问题,笔者认为与旱元古代镁质事件有关。这次镁质事件不仅为辽南带来大量的镁质和硅质,也带来大量的能量,这就为成岩和成矿奠定了牢固的基础。这种将成岩成矿作用与天体陨落作用有机地联系起来的认识,简称为“陨落说”。如果能用“陨落说”去解释地壳上的一些现象,不仅对辽南的菱镁矿矿床和滑石矿床的成因,能得到切合实际的认识,而且对于具有全球性分布的菱镁矿矿床和滑石矿床的成因,也能得出恰当的解释。从而可以消除一些不必要的争论,加快地质理论的更新,促进找矿事业的发展。     

滇西龙川江盆地中南部砂岩型铀矿成矿特征及成因探讨

研究了龙川江盆地中南部的沉积特征、构造特征及含矿岩系特征，提出铀成矿与构造演化中的2个沉积间断面关系密切。通过对龙川江盆地中南部铀矿化特征的研究，在382矿床内发现了沥青铀矿、铀黑和磷钙铀矿，在381矿床发现了超显微状放射性矿物，并根据龙川江盆地中南部382矿床成矿年龄的研究，提出了龙川江盆地中南部铀矿化的多阶段成因。     

保靖县卡棚黑滑石矿床地质特征

保靖县卡棚沉积型黑滑石矿床,是一种新类型的滑石矿床。钙质黑滑石矿层赋存于二叠系下统栖霞组上段,呈多层韵律出现,含矿4层,厚5.3～26.3m,含滑石14.1～44.07％,属原生贫矿。产于风化带中的黑滑石粘土,是原生矿层风化淋滤后的产物,属风化带富矿。矿石物质组分简单,主要为黑滑石、方解石、石英、蒙脱石等。矿床风化分带清楚。黑滑石被认为是同生沉积后期,海解作用产物,在风化阶段又进一步相对富集。     

日本黑矿矿床形成机理及其对找矿的意义

一研究黑矿矿床的必要性日本有一种以重金属硫化物和钙钡硫酸盐为主的矿床,称之为黑矿矿床.对它的研究和开采已有七十多年的历史,迄今为止写出了上千篇有关黑矿矿床方面的文章.在历史上,围绕着黑矿矿床的成因问题,进行了反复的争论,主要是同生论和后生论的对立.近十年来,世界范围内成矿理论的发展,特别是火山岩成矿理论的发展和现代热卤水成矿现象的发现,进一步推动了黑矿矿床成因的研究工作.对黑矿矿床的已往资料(甚至包括"不同类型"矿床的资料)和新发现的地质现象,进行全面的综合研究后,提出了黑矿矿床的新成因观点,认为黑矿矿     

贵州非金属矿含矿建造与成矿系列初步分析

非金属矿床含矿建造是在特定构造环境中，由岩浆侵入和喷出、沉积、风化残留、变质而堆积的具有成因上相关和有联系的特征岩类和特殊的非金属矿含性的岩石的共生组合。一定的非金属矿种和它们一定的成因类型矿床常常赋存在一定的含矿建造中。研究非金属矿床的含矿建造可以更好地了解非金属矿床的形成、分布和产生各种矿种之间的共生组合的内在规律。而成矿系列是以含矿建造命名的，它最真实地被记录于含矿建造中，明确含矿建造与所属     

贵州罗甸玉矿区滑石矿的发现及其成因探讨

罗甸滑石矿是贵州首次发现的白滑石矿,矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于辉绿岩体与围岩的接触带内,与罗甸玉共生。罗甸滑石为低铝、低铁质矿石,MgO含量接近滑石的理论值,结晶细、质纯、白度高,具有较高的开发利用价值,填补了贵州没有优质滑石矿的空白。罗甸滑石矿与罗甸玉矿的地质背景及其空间产出部位相同,并且具有相似的稀土元素组成及配分模式,揭示二者为相同成因,属于接触交代型矿床。     

碾子沟金红石矿床基本地质特征

碾子沟金红石矿区地层主要为上太古界变粒岩、斜长角闪片岩及榴闪岩 ;岩浆岩主要为晋宁期基性岩 ;构造主要为断裂。矿区蚀变岩发育 ,主要为细晶直闪片岩、粗晶直闪岩、中细晶滑石岩及细晶绿泥片岩。矿体呈似纺锤状、似板状及透镜状。矿石类型有浅褐色细晶直闪石型片状矿石、灰白色粗晶直闪石型块状矿石、灰绿色或灰白色中细晶滑石型块状矿石、黑色中细晶角闪石型片状矿石及灰绿色巨晶直闪石型块状矿石等 5种。以前 3种为主 ,矿石品位一般 2 %～ 15 %。矿床规模为大型 ,矿床为变质蚀变成因。     

法国比利牛斯山Trimouns滑石-绿泥石矿床地质与成因

位于法国比利牛斯山的Trimouns矿床是世界上最大的滑石-绿泥石矿床之一。对该矿床形成的条件及滑石和绿泥石矿石的含量已较清楚。它是由不同类型的岩石通过热液交代蚀变而形成的，主要包括白云岩蚀变为滑石为主的矿石和硅铝质岩石(云母片岩和伟晶岩)蚀变为绿泥石为主的矿石。滑石矿石显示片理化结构(滑石片岩)或压实块状结构(块滑石)。由伟晶岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石为呈绿色的球状矿体，而由云母片岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石呈块状或片理状、颜色为灰绿色和深灰色。本文对欧洲这个独一无二的滑石和绿泥石矿床的地质特征和成因进行了总结和讨论。流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体为高盐度(20to30％eq．wt％NaCl)、中温(320℃)、压为为2．5kbars。磷钇矿和独居石的U—Ph定年结果表明，成矿年代为112—97Ma，成矿作用可能持续了16Ma以上。     

Talc mineralization of ultramafic affinity in the Eastern Desert of Egypt

Petrographical and petrochemical studies of the talc host rocks of Rod Umm El-Farag and Wadi Thamil in the Eastern Desert of Egypt reveal that they consist mainly of metavolcanic rocks, whilst the geology, petrography, mineralogy, chemistry and quality of the enclosed talc lenses reveal that the ore has ultramafic affinity. The setting of the talc ore is similar to that hosted by metavolcanic rocks in terms of the type of host rocks, but it differs in its ultramafic affinity, resembling the talc ore hosted by ultramafic rocks. The parent ultramafic rocks occur in the form of small bodies obducted later along a tectonized fault plane within metavolcanic host rocks (Precambrian) and their tuffaceous equivalents. The metavolcanic host rocks consist mainly of metabasalts, meta-andesites and metatuffs with a smaller amount of dacite, rhyolite and tuffaceous lava. The metamorphic grade is low corresponding to greenschist facies. The calc-alkaline and tholeiitic characters of the volcanic rocks are determined by the behaviour of trace elements on some chemical discrimination diagrams. After the emplacement of the ultramafic bodies, they underwent regional metamorphism which was accompanied by further serpentinization. Metasomatic changes, related to regional metamorphism (corresponding to the emplacement of granitic plutons at a distance) include talc, carbonate, tremolite and chlorite formation. SiO₂, H₂O and CO₂ have been supplied from hydrothermal solutions but all other constituents are considered indigenous to the ultramafic bodies, and none of the metavolcanic components have been added during talc formation. Mineralogically, the talc ore is relatively simple, including talc, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite and chromite. On the basis of mineral abundances, pure talc (>90% talc), chlorite-rich and tremolite-actinolite-rich (50–70% talc) ore types have been recognized. Chromite is largely zoned and occurs as disseminated grains within the talc matrix. Cr, Al and Mg were released during the formation of ferrite chromite and accommodated in the talc and chlorite structures. The chemical data show that there is very little variation in the contents of MgO, Fe₂O₃, FeO, NiO, Cr₂O₃, and Co between the parent ultramafic rocks and talc ore. Al₂O₃, CaO, Fe₂O₃ and FeO are the main impurity oxides in the talc ore. They decrease the whiteness of the ore and consequently limit the use of talc. Received: 26 March 1999 / Accepted: 10 October 1999     

江西广丰杨村超大型滑石矿床成因探讨

江西广丰杨村滑石矿储量达上亿吨,是世界上超大型滑石矿床之一。矿石主要由鲕粒状滑石组成,含少量石英和碳酸盐矿物及浸染状有机质,具有典型的沉积鲕粒状结构;赋矿围岩白云岩硅化较强烈。研究结果表明,白云岩与滑石矿页岩标准化稀土元素分配模式基本一致,重稀土元素相对轻稀土元素弱富集,稀土元素总量低,弱负铈异常,并且它们具有相同的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.7092~0.7101),白云岩的δ13CV-PDB值变化范围在-4.9‰~+0.7‰之间,与同期海水大体一致。这些地球化学特征暗示了滑石矿和白云岩具有相同的物质来源,滑石成矿所需的镁可能来源于海水。部分样品显示正铕异常,且白云岩中δ18OV-SMOW值(+14.5‰~+19.7‰)较同期海水偏低,87Sr/86Sr比值比同期海水稍高,暗示成矿物质并非由海水单一提供,可能还有高87Sr/86Sr比值、富硅的热液提供了成矿所需的硅。综合滑石和白云岩岩相学和地球化学特征,认为江西广丰杨村滑石矿为同生热水沉积成因,滑石中镁来源于富镁海水,硅来源于海水下渗淋滤古老硅铝质地层形成的富硅、高87Sr/86Sr比值的热液,海水中镁与热液中硅结合形成滑石。滑石矿在经历了同生沉积-热液期之后,又受到了后期强烈的变质变形作用的叠加,形成了具片理构造的滑石片岩。     

吉林省柳河县双河堡铬铁矿地质特征及成因

本文叙述了吉林省柳河县双河堡铬铁矿的地质特征,并对矿床的成因进行了初步探讨。根据岩石化学成分特点,原岩应为基性,超基性岩分异、熔离作用产物,后经变质改造形成滑石岩,阳起-透闪岩等岩石组合,其成因类型应为岩浆分异-熔离型矿床。     

The Fluid Evolution Related to Talc Mineralization in the Hwanggangri Area, South Korea

Abstract: Scores of talc deposits distributed in the Hwanggangri Mineralized Zone, South Korea are interpreted to have resulted from the contact metamorphic process related to the igneous intrusion of the Muamsa Granite. Talc usually occurs as an alteration product from tremolite, which is crystallized during the prograde stage. It commonly forms fine–grained, fibrous aggregates, or pseudomorphs after tremolite, and abundant tremolite is included as impurities in the talc ore. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis has shown that the ores can be divided into three types depending on the concentrations of talc; talc-tremolite ore (talc > 50 %), tremolite-talc ore (10 % < talc < 50 %), and tremolite (talc < 10 %) ores. Oxygen isotope compositions of those talc ores become higher from 10.9–12.1 through 11.6–12.3 to 11.9–13.2% with increasing tremolite concentrations, while hydrogen isotope compositions are not so variable, –73 to –69%. The high value of the calculated δ¹⁸O_H2O of the fluids equilibrated with the tremolite may have resulted from the mixing of magmatic water with ¹⁸O–enriched CO₂ evolved from the decarbonation reaction during the prograde stage. However, as the decarbonation reaction ceased during the retrograde stage, the inferred oxygen isotope compositions of talc-forming fluids show similar values to those of the igneous fluids.     

李博士夼滑石矿矿床地质特征

该滑石矿产于上元古界粉子山群张格庄组白云石大理岩上段,矿带和矿体均受走向断裂控制。矿体规模大,变化稳定,矿石质量好,属大型矿床。     

Ore Genesis and Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonate‐Hosted Talc Deposits in Nangarhar Province,Afghanistan

Talc deposits in Nangarhar Province, are hosted by Paleoproterozoic carbonate rocks, metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the east–west (E–W) trending Spinghar Fault Block. Many deposits in this province have potential economic importance. However, detailed geologic and petrological studies on ore genesis are still lacking. In this study, eight talc deposits and two prospects of the Spinghar Fault Block were investigated. Talc is mainly formed by alteration of the host dolomite marble, magnesite rocks, and tremolitite. Talc ore bodies occur parallel to subparallel to the beddings of the host carbonate rocks. Dolerite occur as dikes and sills and are mostly metamorphosed to amphibolite. Although the amphibolite occurs mostly parallel to subparallel to the beddings of the host carbonate rocks, and talc orebodies, it partly crosscuts the host rocks. Massive layers of tremolitite were observed with most of the talc ore bodies. Quartz veins occur along the gneissosity of gneiss all over the study area. SiO₂ and MgO content in talc rocks from all deposits ranged from 49.1 to 65.1 wt% and from 26.1 to 32.9 wt%, respectively. CaO content in talc rocks and magnesite rocks are less than 1 wt%. ƩREE content in talc rocks ranged from 0.1 to 8.9 ppm. Chemical compositions of host carbonate rocks are close to the ideal composition. Concentrations of Al, Ta, Hf, Zr, Th, Cr, Ni, Co, and ƩREE in talc ores and host carbonate rocks were very low and inconsistent with mafic and ultramafic rocks protolith. Therefore, the metamorphosed sedimentary carbonate rocks were likely to be the protolith of the talc ores. The occurrence of parallel to subparallel quartz veins to the gneissosity of gneiss, as well as the presence of hydrous minerals in host carbonate rocks, suggested that hydrothermal fluids were most probably supplied through the gneiss.     

红土型镍矿床成因的多样性：基于全球尺度的对比研究

红土型镍矿床是全球镍矿成因体系中资源储量最大的一类.为探讨红土型镍矿床成因机制的多样性,基于全球广域尺度,选择以载镍矿物为分类视角,开展铁氧化物型、水镁硅酸盐型和粘土型等3类矿床的对比研究.铁氧化物型矿床在矿化剖面上以铁质红土层为优势岩(土)相层,以针铁矿为主要载镍矿物,矿石中镍品位偏低但伴生钴矿化.矿床的成矿条件依赖于热带气候环境、稳定大地构造背景、纯橄榄岩母岩和剪切构造带等多种因素的集成耦合.强氧化和水解作用是载镍铁氧化物和氢氧化物发育的主要机制,镍在红土化过程中主要以类质同象进入低结晶度针铁矿晶格或被吸附的方式富集成矿;水镁硅酸盐型矿床以风化壳中出现厚大腐岩层为标志,以镍蛇纹石、镍滑石等水镁硅酸盐矿物为主要载镍矿物相,矿石多为高品位硅镁镍矿.矿床的发育严格受控于热带雨林或热带草原气候环境,与活跃大地构造背景及富镁橄榄岩母岩条件密切相关,属强淋滤表生作用的产物.离子交换作用和次生沉淀作用共同构成了水镁硅酸盐矿床发育的成矿机制;粘土型矿床以红土剖面中出现稳定的粘土矿物层为标志,局限于偏干旱的热带气候背景,与低缓的地形地貌、排水受阻的水文环境及蛇纹岩母岩条件等具有专属性联系,属未遭受充分表生淋滤作用的产物.镍与次生蒙脱石类矿物发生离子交换作用是粘土型矿床发育的主要机制.