622铀矿床与虎圩金矿床REE特征对比

本文通过赣杭火山岩带中的铀矿床和金矿床的ＲＥＥ特征对比，认为产铀矿和金矿的火山岩均属ＬＲＥＥ富集型，但前者明显铕亏损，铀矿石与金矿石ＲＥＥ特征差别大，前者ΣＲＥＥ和ＨＲＥＥ大大增高，铕强烈亏损，后者ΣＲＥＥ降低，铕呈弱异常或无异常．结合两矿床各自的矿化特征，认为成矿热液酸碱度等介质条件、围岩蚀变、副矿物种类、矿物共生组合、次生淋滤富集等因素是造成矿石ＲＥＥ特征的原因，ＲＥＥ贫富程度和分布模式可作为矿床评价因素．     

雷琼新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体矿物中的流体─熔体包裹体的REE组成特征

雷琼地区新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体的１２件单矿物稀土元素中子活化分析表明，雷州和琼北地幔岩包体中不含流体－熔体包裹体的同类矿物的ＲＥＥ组成有明显差异，反映了雷州与琼北玄武岩地幔源区ＲＥＥ组成的不均一性。通过对比同一地幔岩包体中含包裹体与不含包裹体相同矿物的微量元素组成，发现雷琼地幔岩包体矿物中的流体－熔体包裹体富含ＲＥＥ，尤其是ＬＲＥＥ；并且不同产地地幔包体同类矿物中和同一包体不同矿物中包裹体的丰度及其ＲＥＥ含量也有明显差异，表明地幔流体本身也存在不均一性。     

雷琼新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体矿物中的流体—熔体包裹体的REE组成特征

雷琼地区新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体的１２件单矿物稀土元素中子活化分析表明，雷州和琼北地幔岩包体中不含流体－熔体包裹体的同类矿物的ＲＥＥ组成有明显差异，反映了雷州与琼北玄武岩地幔源区ＲＥＥ组成的不均一性。通过对比同一地幔岩包体中含包裹体与不含包裹体相同矿物的微量元素组成，发现雷琼地幔岩包体矿物中的流体－熔体包裹体富含ＲＥＥ，尤其是ＬＲＥＥ；并且不同产地地幔包体同类矿物中和同一包体不同矿物中包裹体的丰度     

钙稀土氟碳酸盐矿物中新多型体的HREM研究

利用高分辨电子显微术（ＨＲＥＭ）研究了钙稀土氟碳酸盐矿物系列中氟碳铈矿（Ｂ）／直氟碳钙铈矿（Ｓ）的混层结构。发现并确定了Ｂ＿５Ｓ＿２（ＩＨ，３Ｒ）、Ｂ＿５Ｓ＿４（３Ｒ，６Ｒ）和Ｂ＿（１８）Ｓ＿（１０）（ＩＨ）规则混层矿物中５种新多型的晶体结构类型、晶胞参数以及理论晶体化学式等。ＨＲＥＭ研究揭示出，在Ｂ＿ｍＳ＿ｎ（ｍ＞ｎ）型规则混层矿物新多型体的结晶过程中，成矿地质环境是复杂的。阐明了这些多型体是由该系列矿物中的氟碳铈矿（Ｂ）和直氟碳钙铈矿（Ｓ）结构单元层以不同比例沿ｃ轴方向的有序堆垛构成。     

新西兰地热系统中稀土元素的行为

位于新西兰北岛Ｔｕａｐｏ火山带地热系统内的热液蚀变流纹岩的稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）模式为我们提供了ＲＥＥ活动的证据。未蚀变流纹岩的ＲＥＥ分配趋势是中等程度富集ＬＲＥＥ（Ｌａ／Ｌｕ）ｃｏ＾＊＝３．８４￣５．６２）以及Ｅｕ具明显的负异常。相比之下，热液蚀变流纹岩的ＲＥＥ分配型式则明显不同，并可分为四种不同的岩石化学类型。含粘土矿物＋石英＋长石＋方解石（土沸石、绿帘石、榍石、绿泥石、不透明矿物）矿物组合的岩石     

兰坪—思茅盆地地层及铜矿床REE地球化学研究

对兰坪－思茅盆地中－新生代沉积岩、石炭纪玄武岩、铜矿石、铜矿物、铜矿脉石矿物和钙华的ＲＥＥ研究表明，存在三种稀土分布模式。种类沉只岩和绝大多数铜矿石、铜矿物属轻稀土富集型，铜矿脉石矿物及钙华主要属中稀土富集型，玄武岩和极少数铜矿石属轻稀土弱富集型。研究结果指出，本区铜矿的成矿物质主要来自沉积岩，部分与基底火山岩有关。     

兰坪－思茅盆地地层及铜矿床REE地球化学研究

对兰坪－思茅盆地中－新生代沉积岩、石炭纪玄武岩、铜矿石、铜矿物、铜矿脉石矿物和钙华的ＲＥＥ研究表明，存在三种稀土分布模式。各类沉积岩和绝大多数铜矿石、铜矿物属轻稀土富集型，铜矿脉石矿物及钙华主要属中稀土富集型，玄武岩和极少数银矿石属轻稀土弱富集型。研究结果指出，本区铜矿的成矿物质主要来自沉积岩（围岩），部分与基底火山岩有关。     

苏州地区I-A型花岗岩特征与成因的对比研究

应用岩石学、矿物学、地球化学及岩浆物理学等的理论和方法，对苏州地区Ｉ型和Ａ型花岗岩的特征及成因进行了对比研究，得出以下主要结论：Ｉ型花岗岩为晚侏罗世火山弧压性环境产物，侵位较深；而Ａ型者为Ａ２型花岗岩，为早白垩世造山后张性环境产物，侵位较浅，具晶洞构造．Ａ型比Ｉ型花岗岩以酸度、碱度、Ａｌ，Ｆ含量高而Ｈ２Ｏ＋含量低，以ＲＥＥ及不相容元素丰度高，负Ｅｕ异常强，而ｗ（ＬＲＥＥ）／ｗ（ＨＲＥＥ）低为特色．Ａ型者矿物结晶顺序先浅色后暗色，暗色矿物以富铁贫镁、ＲＥＥ分配系数高及负Ｅｕ异常明显及长石富碱贫钙，而与Ｉ型花岗岩不同．Ａ型者副矿物４０余种，属锆石－褐帘石－萤石型，锆石结晶温度高，（１１０），（１１１）晶面发育；而Ｉ型者仅１０余种，属榍石－锆石－磷灰石型，锆石结晶温度低，（１００），（３１１）晶面发育．Ｉ型花岗岩为幔源岩浆与下地壳部分熔融岩浆混合及ＡＦＣ作用产物，而Ａ型花岗岩为残余下地壳（麻粒岩相）熔融后分离结晶产物，二者并非同源岩浆演化关系．Ａ型比Ｉ型岩浆来源浅，酸度大，含水少；故岩浆密度小，粘度大，上升慢，冷凝长．受密度筛影响，Ａ型花岗岩岩浆房及侵位深度小于Ｉ型     

南岭热带一亚热带风化壳中稀土元素赋存形式的初步研究

通过对南岭及海南岛热带－亚热带地区几十个风化壳剖面中稀土元素分布特征的研究表明，ＲＥＥ有如下五种主要赋存形式：①呈可交换状态赋存于粘土中；②富集于次生铁锰氧化物中；③呈次生稀土矿物或类似的富稀土微质点；④风化残余稀土（或含稀土）副矿物；⑤赋存于残留造岩矿物碎屑中。控制化学风化条件下ＲＥＥ淋滤、沉淀的主要因素是原岩中稀土赋存矿物的稳定性、介质环境的ｐＨ和Ｅｈ条件、ＲＥＥ的电子层结构及其化学键性质以及     

广东长坑金银矿床石英和方解石的地球化学特征

石英和方解石是长坑金银矿床的主要脉石矿物，石英的自然热发光曲线为单峰型，方解石包括单峰型、双峰型和多峰型；石英、方解石的热发光强度和峰型与深度和矿化类型有关，可作为找矿标志。二者的稀土总量均很低，其中方解石的ＲＥＥ显著低于与岩浆热液有关方解石，而具有围岩侧分泌或加热大气水成因特点。碳、氧同位素特征也支持二者来源于沉积地层的观点。     

Rare earth element concentrations in a suite of basanitoids and alkali olivine basalts from Grenada,Lesser Antilles

A suite of basanitoids and alkali olivine basalts from Grenada, Lesser Antilles were analyzed for rare earth elements. The REE concentrations of these rocks are characterized by a small variation in the heavy REE (7 to 9 times chondrite) and a large variation in the light REE (17 to 93 times chondrite). Among the possible mechanisms to account for the REE variations, fractional crystallization processes at low and high pressures, and partial melting processes (both batch melting and fractional melting) were examined, using the partition relationships of REE among silicate minerals and melts. It is suggested that the observed REE variations are best explained by variable degrees of batch partial melting, in which garnet is present as one of the solid phases through 2 to 17% melting of a garnet lherzolite parent rock.     

Trace element evaluation of a suite of rocks from Reunion Island,Indian Ocean

Reunion Island consists of an olivine-basalt shield capped by a series of flows and intrusives ranging from hawaiite through trachyte. Eleven rocks representing the total compositional sequence have been analyzed for U, Th and REE.Eight of the rocks (group 1) have positive-slope, parallel, chondrite-normalized REE fractionation patterns. Using a computer model, the major element compositions of group 1 whole rocks and observed phenocrysts were used to predict the crystallization histories of increasingly residual liquids, and allowed semi-quantitative verification of origin by fractional crystallization of the olivine-basalt parent magma. Results were combined with mineral-liquid distribution coefficient data to predict trace element abundances, and existing data on Cr, Ni, Sr and Ba were also successfully incorporated in the model.The remaining three rocks (group 2) have nonuniform positive-slope REE fractionation patterns not parallel to group 1 patterns. Rare earth fractionation in a syenite is explained by partial melting of a source rich in clinopyroxene and/or hornblende. The other two rocks of group 2 are explained as hybrids resulting from mixing of syenite and magmas of group 1.     

Geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic study of titanite from granitoid rocks of the eastern Dharwar craton,southern India

Titanite occurs as an accessory phase in a variety of igneous rocks, and is known to concentrate geologically important elements such as U, Th, rare earth element (REE), Y and Nb. The differences in the abundances of the REEs contained in titanite from granitoid rocks could reflect its response to changes in petrogenetic variables such as temperature of crystallization, pressure, composition, etc. Widespread migmatization in the granodiorite gneisses occurring to the east of Kolar and Ramagiri schist belts of the eastern Dharwar craton resulted in the enrichment of the REEs in titanite relative to their respective host rocks. A compositional influence on the partitioning of REEs between titanite and the host rock/magma is also noticed. The relative enrichment of REEs in titanite from quartz monzodiorite is lower than that found in the granodioritic gneiss. Depletion of REE and HFSE (high field-strength elements) abundances in granitic magmas that have equilibrated with titanite during fractional crystallization or partial melting has been modelled. As little as 1% of titanite present in residual phases during partial melting or in residual melts during fractional crystallization can significantly lower the abundances of trace elements such as Nb, Y, Zr and REE which implies the significance of this accessory mineral as a controlling factor in trace element distribution in granitoid rocks. Sm–Nd isotope studies on titanite, hornblende and whole rock yield isochron ages comparable to the precise U–Pb titanite ages, invoking the usefulness of Sm–Nd isochron ages involving minerals like titanite.     

REE Characteristics and Petrogenesis of Amphibolites in the Dabie Complex

Based on their REE features, stratoid or lenticular amphibolites in the Dabie Complex are di-vided into two types:one is characterized by flat REE distribution patterns and the other by LREE-enrichment. Results of the REE quantitative modeling suggest that the amphibolites were formed from 20% partial melting of garnet lherzolite and 35-56% fractional crystallization of olivine(type TH1) or 14-20% fractional crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene(type TH2).     

Petrological and trace element geochemical features of the Okete Volcanics,western North Island,New Zealand

The Okete Volcanics form small volume monogenetic volcanoes situated around the flanks of larger tholeiitic cones of the Plio-Pleistocene Alexandra Volcanics, in the back-arc tectonic environment of western North Island, New Zealand. The lavas and tuffs of the Okete Volcanics have compositions which include basanites, alkali olivine basalts, olivine tholeiites, and hawaiites. Most rocks have Mg numbers >66, >250 p.p.m. Ni, >500 p.p.m. Cr, and often contain ultramafic xenoliths, which indicate that they are very close to being primary magmas. The Okete Volcanics show geochemical trends, from basanite to hawaiite, of progressive depletion of both compatible and incompatible trace elements, progressive increase in Al₂O₃, and heavy REE and Y enrichment with crossingover REE patterns in the hawaiites. These geochemical trends can be accounted for by varying degrees of partial melting of a light REE enriched garnet peridotite with subsequent modification of the melts near source or during ascent by fractional crystallization of olivine and minor clinopyroxene. Mass balance calculations cannot quantitatively constrain the degree of partial melting or fractional crystallization, but nevertheless indicate that the Okete alkali olivine basalts, olivine tholeiites, and hawaiites have been derived by successively larger degrees of partial melting relative to basanites, and have also been progressively more modified by fractional crystallization than have the basanites. Sources of the alkalic melts lay at depths corresponding to >20 kb, and most of the ultramafic xenoliths, apart from some which may be cognate cumulates, are unrelated to the magmas that brought them to the surface. Magmas have changed in composition with time from older smaller-volume volcanoes of basanite or alkali olivine basalt compositions, to younger and more voluminous volcanoes which contain hawaiites. The geochemical trends shown by the Okete Volcanics and their spatial association with voluminous tholeiitic volcanism, are features which are different from those observed elsewhere in the Pliocene to Recent basaltic fields of northern North Island, and may be related to their unique tectonic setting, situated in a distinct structural domain.     

Rare-earth elements,Co, Sc and Hf in the Steens Mountain basalts

The concentrations of the rare-earth elements (REE) in 52 of 70 consecutive lava flows from Steens Mountain, Oregon, are reported. The concentrations of Co, Sc and Hf were measured in 17 of the flows. Logarithmic partitioning theory is used to correlate the concentrations of the trace elements with the major element and mineralogical compositions of the samples.Production of the basalts by partial melting requires a parent material that has concentrations of the REE that are several times those of chondrites. Those samples enriched in alumina have positive Eu anomalies compared to chondrites and those depleted in alumina have negative Eu anomalies. Production of these samples by partial melting is unlikely because the Eu anomalies would require that plagioclase was stable under the conditions of melting.All of the samples can be related to a single parent magma by fractional crystallization processes. The concentrations of the trace elements are controlled by the addition or removal of plagioclase and the removal of clinopyroxene. Samples with high concentrations of alumina are interpreted as plagioclase cumulates while those with low concentrations of alumina are residual liquids produced by crystallization of plagioclase. During fractional crystallization, the concentrations of the light REE are increased selectively in the residual liquid. The material that must be crystallized and removed during fractional crystallization has characteristics that are similar to those reported for gabbros.     

Rare earth element–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> systematics of island arc crustal amphibolite migmatites from the Asago body of the Yakuno Ophiolite,Japan: a field evaluation of some model predictions

The two most commonly invoked processes for generating silicic magmas in intra-oceanic arc environments are extended fractional crystallization of hydrous island arc basalt magma or dehydration melting of lower crustal amphibolite. Brophy (Contrib Mineral Petrol 156:337–357, 2008) has proposed on theoretical grounds that, for liquids >~65 wt% SiO₂, dehydration melting should yield, among other features, a negative correlation between rare earth element (REE) abundances and increasing SiO₂, while fractional crystallization should yield a positive correlation. If correct, the REE–SiO₂ systematics of natural systems might be used to distinguish between the two processes. The Permian-age Asago body within the Yakuno Ophiolite, Japan, has amphibolite migmatites that contain felsic veins that are believed to have formed from dehydration melting, thus forming an appropriate location for field verification of the proposed REE–SiO₂ systematics for such a process. In addition to a negative correlation between liquid SiO₂ and REE abundance for liquids in excess of ~65 % SiO₂, another important model feature is that, at very high SiO₂ contents (75–76 %), all of the REE should have abundances less than that of the host rock. Assuming an initial source amphibolite that is slightly LREE-enriched relative to the host amphibolites, the observed REE abundances in the felsic veins fully support all theoretical predictions.     

花岗岩结晶分离作用问题——关于花岗岩研究的思考之二

岩浆结晶分离作用是一个古老的话题,很早就有学者指出,地球内部生成的岩浆大多是玄武质岩浆,大多数花岗岩是由玄武岩结晶分离形成的。本文在考察了岩浆结晶分离作用的制约因素、比较了不同性质岩浆结晶分离作用的特征之后指出:玄武质岩浆可以发生结晶分离作用,因为有与其相关的堆晶岩产出;安山质岩浆也可以发生结晶分离作用,因为也有与其相关的堆晶岩产出。但是,花岗质岩浆似乎不大可能发生结晶分离作用,因为,很少见到有与(富硅的)花岗质岩浆相伴的堆晶岩产出。花岗质岩浆之所以不大可能发生结晶分离作用的原因在于:(1)岩浆的黏性大,它不仅阻滞了矿物的结晶作用(使斜长石不能发育为自形晶),而且阻止了密度大的矿物(例如角闪石)下沉;(2)主要造岩矿物(例如斜长石)的密度与花岗质岩浆的密度相差无几,使结晶分离作用难以进行。本文详细考察了花岗质岩浆中斜长石的行为,指出在花岗质岩浆中斜长石结晶分离几乎是不可能的。那么,文献中大量充斥的花岗岩结晶分离作用的说法是依据什么呢?作者认为,文献中的许多说法可能主要是根据哈克图解得出的,而不是根据实际观察和理论研究得出的。作者认为,玄武岩和花岗岩不仅来源不同,成分不同,而且解释也不同。哈克图解中许多适合玄武岩的解释未必适合花岗岩。由于鲍文反应原理是结晶分离作用的理论基础,因此,文中也对鲍文反应原理进行了评述,并指出文献中存在的一些需要认真对待的问题,例如,从玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩的连续演化序列是不可能的;单元-超单元填图方法是不科学的;中国东部中生代大规模花岗岩不可能是玄武质岩浆结晶分离形成的等等。本文还以 Ajaji el ai.(1998)报道的摩洛哥 Tanncherfi 花岗岩为例,指出结晶分离作用的解释是不可能的。作者认为,花岗岩类的成分变化大,主要可能与源区组成、温度、压力、挥发分、部分熔融程度和过程、混合作用、岩浆分异及结晶分离作用有关。其中,源区组成可能是花岗岩多样性的最重要的原因,而结晶分离作用的影响可能是微乎其微的。本文认为,花岗岩结晶分离作用对于花岗岩成因的意义已经被大大地夸大了,我们应当重新思考结晶分离作用对于花岗质岩浆的意义。由于花岗岩的极端复杂性,许多问题还得不到比较合理的解释,本文的认识只是初步的。     

Geochemical aspects of permeability controlled partial melting and fractional crystallization

Magma accumulation in the mantle requires that the mantle be permeable. Experimental investigations show that the permeability threshold first will be attained after a certain degree of partial melting. The influence of the permeability threshold on the composition of partial melts is evaluated using the fayalite-forsterite system as an example. In addition the variation in trace element concentrations are calculated for different distribution coefficients. Primary magmas formed by accumulation when a minimal degree of partial melting is required for permeability display a remarkably small variation in composition up to 30% partial melting. It is suggested from REE abundances that primary tholeiitic magmas have been generated by permeability controlled partial melting. The compositions of the primary magmas generated by permeability controlled partial melting will not differ much from the compositions obtained by batch melting, but the degrees of partial melting will differ for similar compositions.     

Geochronologic-petrochemical studies of the Hongshishan mafic–ultramafic intrusion,Beishan area,Xinjiang (NW China): petrogenesis and tectonic implications

The Hongshishan mafic–ultramafic intrusion (SIMS zircon U–Pb age 286.4 ± 2.8 Ma) consists of dunite, clinopyroxene peridotite, troctolite, and gabbro. Major elements display systematic correlations. Trace elements have identical distribution patterns, including flat rare-earth element (REE) patterns with positive Eu anomalies and enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) but depletions in Nb and Ta, indicating fractional crystallization as a key factor in magmatic evolution. Petrologic and geochemical variations in drill core samples demonstrate that minor assimilation and progressive magma injections were closely associated with Ni–Cu mineralization. Mass balance estimates and Sr–Nd isotopes reveal that the Hongshishan parental magmas were high-Mg and low-Ti tholeiitic basalts and were derived from a lithospheric mantle source that had been modified by subducted slab metasomatism before partial melting.

Southward subduction of the Palaeo-Tianshan–Junggar Ocean is further constrained by a compilation of inferred, subduction-induced modifications of mantle sources in mafic–ultramafic intrusions distributed in the eastern Tianshan–Beishan area. Integrating the regional positive ?_Nd(t) granites, high-Mg and low-Ti basaltic magmas (mafic–ultramafic intrusions), and slightly later high-Ti basalts in NW China suggests that their petrogenesis could be attributed to Permian mantle plume activities.