超高排土场的粒径分级及其边坡稳定性分析研究

明显的粒径分级是超高排土场区别于土质边坡的最重要特征。针对西源岭413台阶排土场,结合开发的HHC-CA模型和现场散体粒径分布情况的调查,建立了考虑超高排土场粒径分级特征的边坡模型。在此模型的基础上,借助FLAC3D软件分析了现状边坡和各种堆排模式下的边坡稳定性。结果表明:西源岭413台阶排土场现状边坡上部位移矢量表现为下沉,其下沉方向与坡面保持同向,中部位移矢量表现为剪切,下部位移矢量略有反抬升的趋势。其边坡破坏模式为顶部平台拉裂,中部以圆弧形剪出;此排土场的现状边坡处于暂时性稳定阶段。而采用全覆盖式多台阶排土的边坡上部位移矢量表现为下沉,在排土场底部过渡到水平方向;破坏模式为顶部平台拉裂,下部以圆弧形剪出。仅考虑堆积散体的材料强度对排土场稳定性影响时,超高排土场的粒径分级有利于排土场边坡的稳定。     

超高台阶排土场散体块度分布规律及抗剪强度参数的研究

“明显的粒径分级”是超高台阶排土场的重要特征,而散体岩土块度分布及其抗剪强度参数是影响超高台阶排土场稳定性和灾害防治的两个关键因素。针对江西某铜矿排土场,开展了现场粒径调查和散体室内试验研究,探讨了排土场散体岩土块度随排土场高度变化的分布规律,分析了散体岩土块度分布参数与其物料抗剪强度参数的定量关系式。研究结果表明,平均粒径 、粗料含量P>5 mm和最大粒径是随排土场高度的增加而明显减小,这表明排土场的堆积散体具有“明显的粒径分级”现象;“Gandin-Schuhmann模型”拟合的分布参数与排土场高度呈递减函数;分布参数B越大,粒度组成中粗颗粒含量越多,剪切强度参数内摩擦角φ值越大,且分布参数B与内摩擦角φ呈指数函数关系。研究成果可为超高台阶排土场稳定性分析及灾害防治提供理论依据。     

粗粒土三轴试验数值模拟与试样颗粒初始架构初探

试样颗粒初始架构是粗粒土室内三轴试验中一个难以人为控制的因素。基于元胞自动机方法,结合粗粒土的室内三轴试验开发了能制备不同颗粒初始架构粗粒土试样的HHC-CA模型,该模型制备的粗粒土试样表征了粗粒土各粒组分布的不均匀性和随机性,再借助FLAC3D进行粗粒土三轴数值模拟试验,并探讨了试样剪切带内的砾石含量和试样砾石含量对内摩擦角的影响。数值模拟结果表明,同一粒径级配下,粗粒土的内摩擦角值与剪切带内的砾石含量呈增函数关系;试样砾石含量的增加可能会出现内摩擦角减小的现象,但同一粒径级配下的内摩擦角均值随试样砾石含量的增加而明显增大。     

粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验缩尺方法研究

目前还未建立适用于粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验的缩尺方法,遵循缩尺前后粒径小于d30（颗粒级配中质量百分含量30%所对应的颗粒粒径）以及粒径小于5 mm的颗粒含量及组成不变的原则,基于等量替代法,提出了一种粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验缩尺方法：如果原级配中5 mm以下的颗粒含量大于等于30%,则根据试样允许最大粒径以下的大于5 mm的各粒组含量,按比例等质量替换超粒径颗粒;如果原级配中5 mm以下的颗粒含量小于30%,则根据试样允许最大粒径以下的大于d30的各粒组含量,按比例等质量替换超粒径颗粒。利用多组粗粒土渗透及渗透变形试验,论证了缩尺方法的可靠性。研究表明：提出的缩尺方法合理可行。缩尺后,土体渗透破坏型式未发生变化,渗透系数与原级配比较接近,渗透变形临界坡降和破坏坡降与原级配基本一致,缩尺级配的渗透及渗透稳定特性能够较好地反映原级配的渗透及渗透稳定特性。     

基于ABAQUS仿真分析的高填粗粒土路基边坡稳定性研究

高填方粘性土边坡的稳定性以往研究较多,为了研究变形特性与强度都不同于粘性土的高填方粗粒土边坡,运用ABAQUS软件,采用强度折减法对多级加筋粗粒土边坡工程做了有限元数值模拟,分析了整个边坡的稳定性.研究结果表明,加筋不仅提高了各个台阶的局部稳定性,也加强了边坡的整体稳定;边坡中都存在水平位移,最大值出现在边坡底部坡脚附近,在坡脚处出现小部分沿x轴正向的负位移;水平位移随着填土高度的增加而减小,第一台阶的水平位移最大;越靠近边坡,土工格栅和土体的位移均越大,变大的趋势近似一致,但土体的水平位移明显大于土工格栅的水平位移.     

尾矿坝-排土场联合堆排稳定性与边坡参数优化研究

尾矿坝和排土场作为矿山采选固废的堆存场所是矿山事故发生高频区域,其安全与否直接关系到矿山工程的正常生产。在分析国内尾矿坝-排土场联合堆坝所取得成果的基础上,结合湖南省某钨矿所属尾矿坝-排土场联合堆坝存在的问题,分析了尾矿坝-排土场联合堆排体三个剖面整体的稳定性,同时研究了各剖面边坡参数是否能有效拦截上方滚石,提出了各剖面外坡边坡角的优化参数,采用数值模拟方法对各剖面坡形优化后的外坡边坡角的稳定性进行了分析,根据计算结果对排土场外坡进行卸荷开采设计,卸荷后形成六级外坡平台,平台宽度为5.0 m,研究成果能够很好的指导尾矿坝-排土场联合堆排工程的治理设计。 更多还原     

元宝山露天煤矿3~#排土场工程地质条件与稳定性分析预测

在分析矿区地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质条件和影响排土场稳定因素的基础上,结合区内2#排场的监测资料,采用FLAC3D模拟软件和刚体极限平衡法中的毕肖普条分法,对排土场边坡变形、破坏的主要影响因素进行了分析,揭示了其滑坡机理;对3#排土场的稳定性做出预测,认为排土场边坡变形破坏模式是上部排弃物沿圆弧滑面剪切滑移与下部沿粉土、粉质粘土平面滑移的圆弧—平面组合滑移形式;基底土层的内摩擦角对排土场允许排高较为敏感,是决定允许排高的内在因素,基底粉质粘土的极限承载力是决定排土场允许排高的外在因素;基底土体极限承载力所决定的排土场的允许排高为90.60～91.60m。提出了填沟压脚、降低第一排台阶高度和基底排水等措施来满足排土场边坡稳定的要求。     

泥石流堆积物中细颗粒含量与渗透系数关系试验研究

泥石流拦砂坝通常建造在沟床堆积物上。泥石流堆积物的渗透性是影响坝底扬压力的关键因素。目前关于土体渗透性的研究主要集中于无黏性粗粒土,对泥石流堆积物这种宽级配土体渗透性的研究比较缺乏。选择北川县泥石流沟床堆积物作为试验材料,通过渗透试验,确定了影响宽级配土渗透性的细颗粒上限粒径;在此基础上,通过试验研究了细颗粒含量与渗透系数的关系。结果表明,泥石流堆积物中粗颗粒仅起骨架作用,细颗粒才是决定其渗透性能的关键;显著影响宽级配土渗透性的细颗粒上限粒径为0.1 mm;细颗粒（<0.1 mm）含量与渗透系数呈负指数关系,并且当细颗粒含量超过20%以后,泥石流堆积土的渗透性趋于稳定。     

颗粒迁移作用下宽级配土渗透性研究

宽级配土作为堆积层滑坡的主要物源,其渗透性研究是开展降雨型堆积层滑坡机制研究的前提和基础。宽级配土的渗透是一个包括水分运移和土体细颗粒迁移的复杂过程,但在研究其渗透性时通常只考虑了水分的运移而忽略了细颗粒的迁移。为此,采用自制大型渗透仪对3组不同D15/d85值(D15为粗粒组中小于该粒径的颗粒质量分数为15%的粒径;d85为细粒组中小于该粒径的颗粒质量分数为85%的粒径)的土样进行了饱和渗流试验,研究了宽级配土的水分运移特征和细颗粒迁移规律。研究结果表明:D15/d85值对宽级配土的渗透系数和细颗粒迁移有重要影响,D15/d85值越小,则土体渗透系数越小,细颗粒不易发生迁移;D15/d85值越大,渗透系数越大,试验过程中渗透系数变化越剧烈,迁出细颗粒的量也更大。根据渗透系数的变化也可判定土体内部细颗粒的运动情况,据此提出了3种宽级配土颗粒迁移模式。该研究成果加深了对宽级配土渗透特性的认识,为完善降雨型堆积层滑坡机制研究提供了新思路。     

吕梁矿区下庄排土场边坡稳定性分析

近年来排土场边坡失稳事故频发,造成重大人员财产损失。排土场边坡稳定性分析引起了相关方面的高度重视。本文搜集了吕梁矿区下庄排土场所在区域地形地质资料,通过勘探获得了排土场几何形态、排弃物岩性特征及基底工程地质特征,测定了相关参数,根据强度折减的有限元法进行边坡稳定性计算。结果表明:正常情况下边坡安全系数为1.512 5,降水条件下安全系数为1.16,安全度属正常级,认为排土场整体稳定,但局部台阶存在小规模坍塌风险。     

Application of geogrids in waste dump stability: a numerical modeling approach

Geosynthetic is widely used to reinforce the weak rock mass, mine waste dump, soil slopes road cut slopes, etc. The present paper discusses the effect of geogrids on the stability of mine waste dump. The stability of mine waste dump has been done by Fast Langrage Analysis of Continua (FLAC) slope software, which is based on finite difference method. Reinforcement by geogrids mainly depends on the tensile strength, aperture size of geogrids, and particle size distribution of dump rock mass. Different permutations and combinations of spacing between two geogrid sheets have been taken into consideration to study the stability of mine waste dump. The factor of safety is calculated to quantify the effect of geogrids on waste dump slope. It has been observed from numerical modeling that the maximum slope angle is 45° at a height of 10 m. The scope of increasing slope angle from 45 to 60° is evaluated using geogrids. It has been found from the study that the factor of safety increases as the spacing between geogrids decreases. Maximum strain is also plotted of each case to identify the slip circle. The positions of geogrids modify the probable slip circle or failure plane of mine waste dump. Using ten geogrids at a spacing of 1 m, the slope angle can be increased up to 60° with factor of safety of 1.4.     

排土场散体岩石粒度分布与剪切强度的分形特征

应用分形理论研究了矿山排土场散体岩石粒度分布的分维规律,建立了分维数与排土场散体物料剪切强度参数的定量关系式。研究表明,排土场岩石块度分布具有良好的分形结构,分维数值大小随着排土场高度的增加而增加,但不超过3。当采样尺度范围一定时,分维数越大,散体中细颗粒含量越多,平均粒径也越小。分维数与散体岩石的剪切强度参数摩擦角?呈负指数关系。分维数值可用于排土场粒度资料的统计分析与剪切力学强度参数的预测。     

粗粒料强度准则与排土场稳定性研究

排土场稳定性主要取决于排土场的坡角及排弃废石的内部强度。通过低压到高压的三轴压缩试验研究了千枚岩粗颗粒散体材料强度的特性及压力对其强度的影响。试验表明：粗颗粒材料的破碎率随着压力的增大而增加,而增加速率则随着压力的增大而减小,并给出了一个用于描述压力及破碎率的关系式。提出了考虑破碎对强度影响的强度准则,该准则能描述粗颗粒材料的强度随压力的变化情况。采用该强度准则分析排土场的稳定性,其结果更加接近实际情况。而采用摩尔-库仑强度准则计算得到的排土场稳定性安全系数偏大,存在安全隐患。建议采用本文提出的强度准则分析排土场稳定性,特别是对于超高排土场的稳定性分析,更加适用该强度准则。     

江西省永平铜矿西部排土场极限堆载高度确定

国内外对排土场极限堆载高度的理论计算缺乏研究,目前尚无成熟的统一理论计算方法。文章结合永平铜矿西部排土场的工程实例,在进行边坡工程地质条件勘察与排土场岩土物理力学性质试验研究的基础上,采用数值计算方法对排土场进行了分层堆载数值模拟计算。通过对计算结果的分析,得到位移、塑性区与安全系数随堆载高度的变化规律,并确定了该排土场的极限堆载高度。     

The 2015 Shenzhen catastrophic landslide in a construction waste dump: analyses of undrained strength and slope stability

The 2015 catastrophic landslide in a 110-m-high waste dump in Shenzhen is recognized as one of the largest landfill failure worldwide. An earlier comprehensive field investigation revealed that the dominant component of the fill was completely decomposed granite (CDG), and the dumping operation was accompanied by a rise of the groundwater level. In this paper, the complex stress paths for the initially unsaturated fill materials being subjected to both rapid filling and wetting were investigated. A simplified method was proposed for estimating the gain of undrained shear strength under the complex stress paths. Soil samples were taken from the site to a laboratory to measure the undrained shear strength and validate the estimation method. Total stress-based stability analyses were carried out to calculate the factor of safety of the dump at failure. The triggering mechanism of the landslide is clarified as follows: The gain of shear strength with the surcharge loading for the wet layer in the lower part of the waste dump was limited by a build-up of excess pore-water pressure. The gain of shear strength for the relatively dry fill material was attenuated with the rise of groundwater level. When the shear strength was not enough to resist the increasing slip force with the surcharge loading, a deep-seated translational failure took place in the lower wet layer of the waste dump. The proposed method for analyses of undrained strength and slope stability are proven to be applicable to the waste-dumping operation with rapid filling and rising groundwater level.

     

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体渗透特性试验研究

塌陷区混合回填膏体是由全尾砂、废石人工制备得到的复合宽粒级散体,其渗透性能直接影响到塌陷区回填体稳定性及次生灾害发生的可能性。采用自制的渗透性试验装置,研究了废石含量、废石粒径对混合回填体渗透系数的影响,并对回填体固有特征参数（粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量、不均匀系数 、平均粒径）与渗透系数之间关联性进行了研究。试验结果表明,回填膏体渗透系数随废石掺量及粒径增大而增加,细粒效应显著。回填体中粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量对其渗透性影响至关重要,与渗透系数呈负指数关系。渗透系数随 值增大而增大。当 20时,渗透系数增加趋于稳定。给出了混合回填体渗透系数定量方程,其结果与试验结果较为一致。     

Biological stabilization of mine dumps: shear strength and numerical simulation approach with special reference to Sisam tree

The stability of mine waste dump is very important for an economic and safety point of view. The biological method is the most popular and eco-friendly approach to stabilize the mine waste dump in the long term. Trees outclass grasses and shrubs for long term stability as the roots of trees are stronger and penetrate deeper. Their roots bind the dump material and form a composite material having high shear strength. The mechanics of stabilization by tress have yet not been fully understood. Moreover, one always refers to biological stabilization of slope qualitatively rather than quantitatively. A numerical simulation tool has been used in the present paper to assess the increased factor of safety of a vegetated dump slope. The Sisam tree was chosen for the present study as it is commonly available in northern India, needs little care and has high economic value. The increased shear strength of the dump mass having tree roots was calculated by shear box test. The tree roots occupy large space, hence, a large size shear box (1.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.75 m) has specifically been designed and fabricated for determining the shear strength of dump root matrix. A small size shear box (0.30 m × 0.30 m × 0.15 m) has also been designed and fabricated to determine the increased shear strength due to small trees. It was observed that the Sisam tree of even moderate size binds the upper layers of mine dump and improve the factor of safety substantially. It was also observed that the stability of dump slope improves with time (i.e. size of tree).