应用X射线荧光光谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究湖南传梓源地区稀有金属矿床伟晶岩地球化学特征

本文利用X射线荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析技术对传梓源地区锂辉石伟晶岩、钠长石伟晶岩和钾长石伟晶岩开展研究,获得三种类型伟晶岩地球化学特征。锂辉石伟晶岩具高Al2O3(16.23%~16.4%)、高K2O(3.05%~5.22%)和高分异指数(DI=91.13~94.9),微量元素富集Rb、K而亏损Ba、Sr、Ti,稀土元素含量低(ΣREEs=2.9×10-6~3.5×10-6);钠长石伟晶岩富Na2O(5.58%~7.41%)而贫K2O(0.98%~2.62%),微量元素Rb/Sr值相对于锂辉石伟晶岩呈降低变化而稀土元素为升高变化;钾长石伟晶岩富K2O(9.13%)而贫Na2O(1.69%),微量元素Zr/Hf和K/Rb值相对于锂辉石伟晶岩和钠长石伟晶岩呈升高变化的特征。表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了不混溶作用、钠长石交代作用和钾长石交代作用,分别形成了Li、Rb矿化锂辉石伟晶岩,Nb、Ta、Be矿化钠长石伟晶岩和无矿化钾长石伟晶岩,这些地球化学特征是稀有金属矿床找矿地球化学标志。     

青海三江北段草陇(绿柱石-)锂辉石花岗伟晶岩的发现及其Li-Be找矿意义

马尔康-雅江-喀喇昆仑巨型锂矿带是一条Li-Be-Ta稀有元素超常富集带。该成矿带西段西昆仑和东段川西地区均已发现伟晶岩型锂–铍–钽矿床,但其间仍未发现此类型矿床。本文对该成矿带中段新发现的青海三江北段草陇(绿柱石–)锂辉石花岗伟晶岩开展了系统的岩石学、地球化学及年代学研究。伟晶岩Li₂O和BeO品位分别为0.95%～3.8%和0.05%～1.48%,显示了良好的含矿性。伟晶岩具有高SiO₂含量(69.88%～79.77%)、低P₂O₅含量(0.05%～0.58%)、高分异指数(DI=93.7～97.5)以及低Fe、Mg、Ca、Ti含量等地球化学特征;微量元素表现为富集K、Rb、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Ce、Eu和Ti,Zr含量低(7.49×10^–6～55.6×10^–6),且Zr/Hf值(13～28)低和Rb/Sr值(2.4～76)高;稀土元素总量较低,富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素分馏弱,发育Ce、Eu负异常,显示出岩浆演化...     

福建南平31号花岗伟晶岩脉中绿柱石的电子探针成分与成因

福建南平花岗伟晶岩是中国重要的稀有金属花岗伟晶岩之一,其中31号脉是分异程度最高、稀有金属成矿作用最重要的岩脉,绿柱石是其中最主要的铍矿物。利用电子探针和背散射电子成像技术对该岩脉中绿柱石进行了较系统分析。结果表明,南平31号花岗伟晶岩中绿柱石可分为原生绿柱石和晚期绿柱石。原生绿柱石形成于早期岩浆阶段,与造岩矿物石英、白云母、钠长石、锂辉石共生。晚期绿柱石与原生绿柱石密切伴生,是富铍流体沿原生绿柱石的边缘结晶而成,或热液沿原生绿柱石的解理、裂隙或孔隙度较大部位进行交代的产物。电子探针成分分析显示,南平31号花岗伟晶岩脉中原生绿柱石除含主要化学成分SiO2,Al2O3和BeO外还含Na,Cs,Fe,Mg等元素;FeO,MgO,Na2O和Cs2O的最高含量分别为0.28%,0.89%,1.36%和3.92%。总体上,从I带至IV带,原生绿柱石的FeO和MgO含量逐渐降低,Na2O和Cs2O的含量逐渐升高,尤其是Cs2O的含量变化较大。III—IV带中少量原生绿柱石分布于锂辉石中,具有富FeO和MgO的特征。晚期绿柱石的Cs2O含量较低,可能是由于铯沸石和南平石（铯云母）等铯矿物的结晶,导致晚期熔体-热液中相对贫铯,而热液流体与富铯绿柱石之间可能存在铯的化学再平衡。     

滇西含绿柱石伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

对腾冲-梁河地区含绿柱石伟晶岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和地球化学分析。结果表明：含绿柱石伟晶岩的形成时代为（48.1±0.8）Ma(MSWD=4.0),锆石形态特征和微量元素特征显示,伟晶岩锆石受到热液的改造。含绿柱石伟晶岩与55~52 Ma的白云母花岗岩在主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素方面表现出极其相似的特征,为钙碱性系列,过铝质花岗岩,表现出强烈的Eu亏损,δEu为0.074~0.083,相对富集HREE,（La/Yb）_N=1.61~1.92,总体表现出典型的“M”型稀土元素四分组效应。含绿柱石伟晶岩是白云母花岗岩浆高度演化的结果,伟晶岩结晶温度为581 ℃,代表了印度-欧亚板块碰撞导致地壳加厚的构造背景。     

柴达木盆地北缘锲墨格山含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩特征及构造意义

宗务隆构造带是近年来发现的重要的锂铍成矿带,锲墨格山地区隶属宗务隆构造带东段.本次通过对宗务隆构造带锲墨格山地区含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩岩石学、地球化学及年代学研究,结果显示,含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩脉以高硅、钙碱质和高分异以及低铁、镁、钙和钛为特征,属强过铝质花岗伟晶岩.微量元素特征上,样品明显富集R b、N b、Ta等元素,而亏损Zr、Hf、Th、Ce、Y、Yb等元素;且稀土元素总量较低,具轻稀土元素富集,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,Ce呈负异常,Eu为正异常特征,显示出岩浆演化晚期高度分异特性.锆石U-Pb年龄显示,绿柱石花岗伟晶岩锆石结晶年龄为229.5±1.3 Ma.综合研究显示,花岗伟晶岩主要形成于中-晚三叠世,是宗务隆地区构造体制由挤压转换为伸展背景下,造山过程处于相对稳定阶段的产物.     

保山地块漕涧花岗伟晶岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

本文对出露于保山地块北部漕涧地区的花岗伟晶岩脉进行了全岩元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究,旨于揭示与紧邻的漕涧花岗岩体间的成因关系及其形成环境。伟晶岩样品表现出高硅(Si O2=73.02%~75.35%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=9.10%~10.79%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.05~1.13)特征,在Si O2-K2O岩石判别图解上属钾玄岩系列;微量元素原始地幔标准化配分曲线上,花岗伟晶岩显示清晰的Rb、U、Ta和Pb正异常,Ba、Sr、Ti、Th和Nb负异常;稀土元素含量很低,总量3.99×10-6~17.29×10-6,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现为轻稀土富集型,具有明显的正Eu异常(δEu=2.92~14.7)。锆石形态学与原位稀土元素组成显示:锆石颗粒粗大(颗粒长约150~400μm),阴极发光强度较弱,内部为海绵状结构,边部发育韵律环带;锆石Th/U比值低,主要介于0.004~0.009,重稀土元素富集。通过图解(Sm/La)N-La和Ce/Ce*-(Sm/La)N,判断锆石具有岩浆锆石与热液锆石过渡的特征。2件样品单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄变化于85~54Ma,测点位于锆石边部韵律环带发育的微区所得出的谐和年龄分别为73.44±1.0Ma(MSWD=1.03)和67.12±1.60Ma(MSWD=4.2);其余测点的谐和年龄为61~57Ma。花岗伟晶岩脉中锆石εHf(t)值分布范围为-10.1~-4.7(集中于-6.7~-5.7),分布较为集中,对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄tC DM为1260~1565Ma(集中于1310~1360Ma)。这些地化特征综合表明漕涧花岗伟晶岩脉与花岗岩体有着亲缘关系,共系保山地块先存加厚地壳元古代基底物质的减压熔融的产物,其形成于新特提斯洋俯冲末期至随后发生的印度欧亚大陆碰撞初期的构造背景下。     

北秦岭丹凤地区含铀伟晶岩地质地球化学特征

北秦岭丹凤地区含铀伟晶岩脉沿北西西向含榴二长花岗岩体和片麻状花岗岩体内外接触带展布。本文以该区含铀黑云母伟晶岩为研究对象,在研究其地质地球化学特征的基础上,分析探讨其与含榴二长花岗岩及片麻状花岗岩之间的成因关系。结果显示,含铀伟晶岩脉与含榴二长花岗岩具有一致的副矿物和岩石地球化学(高K、低Na)特征,而与片麻状花岗岩(高Na、低K)相差较大;相对富集元素Rb、Th、Sm,亏损Ti、P、K、Ba,负Eu异常(δEu=0.03～0.12),与含榴二长花岗岩的稀土和微量元素配分模式一致,元素表现出随着不相容性增强(Sm→La→Th→Rb),逐渐向伟晶岩富集的特征;含铀伟晶岩脉Rb/Ti和Zr/Hf比值(Rb/Ti=0.09～0.62、Zr/Hf=21.82～28.89)与含榴二长花岗岩(Rb/Ti=0.27～0.62、Zr/Hf=18.56～28.54)基本一致,与片麻状花岗岩(Rb/Ti=0.01～0.03、Zr/Hf=27.06～42.58)差别较大。因此,认为含铀伟晶岩脉由含榴二长花岗岩的残余岩浆结晶而成,含榴二长花岗岩体的内外接触带黑云母伟晶岩密集区是伟晶岩型铀矿找矿有利区。     

新疆和田县雪凤岭锂矿床、雪盆锂矿床和双牙锂矿床地质特征及伟晶岩脉群分带初步研究

作为战略性关键金属矿产,锂矿勘查与研究已成为当今矿产勘查和地学研究的热点。项目组2017年以来通过多次野外勘查、系统取样与室内化验分析,确认在新疆和田县白龙山锂多金属矿床东部的雪凤岭一带发现了雪凤岭、雪盆和双牙3处花岗伟晶岩型锂多金属矿床。雪凤岭锂矿床由3个含矿伟晶岩脉群共计47条锂多金属矿体组成,矿体长32~360 m,厚0.9~8 m,走向110°~120°,倾角49°~78°。对雪凤岭矿区伟晶岩脉群研究,发现含矿伟晶岩脉群‒含白云母伟晶岩脉群‒块体石英长石伟晶岩脉群‒含黑色电气石伟晶岩脉群‒块体石英长石伟晶岩脉群‒含白云母伟晶岩脉群‒含矿伟晶岩脉群具对称分带特征,进而在距雪凤岭1550 m南部的双牙山和雪盆沟发现较好的锂矿体,其中双牙锂矿床主矿体长850 m,厚12 m,出露最宽处近100 m;雪盆锂矿床3条锂矿体,长800~1200 m,厚4~8 m,向西合成一个矿体,厚12~20 m。各矿体Li2O品位0.6%~4.02%。伴生BeO品位0.04%~0.15%,Rb2O品位0.10%~0.23%,Nb2O5品位0.007%~0.047%,Ta2O5品位0.003%~0.046%。预测雪凤岭、雪盆、双牙3个矿床334资源量共计Li2O为7.1886×105 t,BeO为2.648×103 t,Rb2O为1.433×103 t,Nb2O5为3.387×103 t,Ta2O5为1.727×103 t,雪凤岭一带有望成为一个超大型锂多金属稀有金属矿产基地。     

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉地球化学特征及成矿时代

湖南仁里稀有金属矿田是中国近年来新发现的一处重要的花岗伟晶岩型铌、钽、锂等稀有金属矿产地,文章针对矿田含锂伟晶岩地球化学特征、成矿时代及其与花岗岩的关系,选取传梓源锂铌钽矿床内规模最大的206号锂辉石伟晶岩脉开展地球化学和白云母Ar-Ar定年工作,并与区内其他伟晶岩、花岗岩的地球化学特征、成岩时代对比分析.传梓源206号锂辉石伟晶岩属高分异稀有金属伟晶岩,形成时代为(135.4±1.4)Ma,岩石地球化学表现为高硅、高铝、低钙、相对富碱、钙碱性及过铝质特征;稀土元素总量很低,以轻稀土元素为主;微量元素富集Cs、Rb、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,相对亏损Ba、Ti,Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta比值低且集中.幕阜山地区稀有金属成矿可分为2期:第1期稀有金属成矿时代约145 Ma,与燕山早期岩浆活动有关;第2期稀有金属成矿时代135～125 Ma,为主成矿期,该期稀有金属伟晶岩与燕山晚期的二云母二长花岗岩存在成因联系,两者为同源岩浆连续结晶分异过程中不同阶段的产物.稀有金属富集成矿经历了岩浆-热液两阶段作用,Be、Nb、Ta、Li、Rb、Cs等稀有元素的富集多发生于岩浆结晶分异晚期,热液作用使Ta、Li、Rb、Cs再次富集.     

新疆阿尔泰潜在的中大型铍矿床:以冲乎尔伟晶岩为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD

锂铍等稀有金属是战略资源,其中,我国的铍资源比锂存在更高的供应风险。新疆阿尔泰是我国最大的伟晶岩省和稀有金属铍资源产地,然而长期开采导致已有矿山闭坑,亟待寻求资源增储。此外,先前对阿尔泰稀有金属资源的勘查、研究和利用主要局限于中阿尔泰地体,而忽略其他地区的资源潜力。笔者通过长期的野外工作,在琼库尔地体冲乎尔地区识别出数条富含绿柱石的伟晶岩,并对其中的典型伟晶岩进行了全岩稀有金属含量、年代学和矿物学等研究,目的在于评价该区伟晶岩的铍成矿潜力。研究结果显示,独居石U-Pb年龄为250.5±3.6Ma,伟晶岩形成于二叠纪末期至三叠纪早期的稀有金属伟晶岩成岩期。伟晶岩中的绿柱石以富Cs、Na和Li等碱金属为特征,且富集程度达到可可托海3号伟晶岩脉绿柱石水平,表明伟晶岩岩浆侵位后经历了高度分异演化。此外,笔者先前研究证实冲乎尔伟晶岩具有与晚三叠世中大型稀有金属矿床一致的同位素组成,表明冲乎尔伟晶岩从物质源区到分异演化条件上都具备成大矿的条件。冲乎尔伟晶岩中Be成矿主要发生在石英-白云母结构带中,其中的BeO品位高达0.321%~0.999%,平均0.590%。初步计算,该伟晶岩的BeO科研储量达中大型规模,考虑到周边同时出露的多条Be矿化伟晶岩,笔者提出冲乎尔萨尔加克伟晶岩具备形成大型Be矿床的潜力。     

Interaction of crustal and mantle materials,sources of trace elements during the formation and evolution of Early Paleozoic Li-rich granite-pegmatite systems in southeastern Tuva

We present new data on the age, composition, and environments of formation of granites of the Kystarys complex and the associated Li-rich rare-element pegmatites of the South Sangilen pegmatite belt including the large Tastyg lithium deposit. It has been established that they formed during the Early Paleozoic collisional orogeny in the Tuva-Mongolian massif at the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. The granites of the Kystarys complex are moderately alkaline high-K rocks and are enriched in Zr, Nb, Y, and REE; therefore, they are classified as postcollisional, transitional to within-plate (A-type). The spodumene pegmatites of the South Sangilen pegmatite belt are similar to the above granites in age and isotopic and geochemical parameters, which suggests a paragenetic relationship between these rocks. Pegmatites form several pegmatite fields within the belt, which differ in trace-element signatures. In addition to predominant Li, Cs, and Ta, specific to all spodumene pegmatites (LCT family), pegmatites of two fields have high contents of Nb, Y, REE, and Zr, which are indicator elements of NYF family pegmatites. It has been established that the formation of spodumene pegmatites with combined LCT-NYF geochemical signatures was preceded by the intrusion of dikes of monzogabbro with the geochemical characteristics of OIB and of alkali aegirine granites and by the formation of associated metasomatites enriched in Zr, Nb, Y, and REE. Based on the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical data, we substantiate the hypothesis of the formation of Li-bearing granite-pegmatite melts from a mixed source resulted from the influence of fluids of an alkaline igneous complex of mantle genesis on the crustal protolith.     

辽东岫岩地区古元古代花岗伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

辽东岫岩地区位于胶—辽—吉古元古代造山/活动带内,区域内广泛存在花岗质伟晶岩脉或岩体,对其进行研究具有重要的构造意义。研究区出露大量古元古代花岗伟晶岩,前人将其统一划归到花岗质混杂岩和辽河岩群内。本文通过详细的野外地质调查和室内综合研究,将该套花岗伟晶岩脉解体为出来,重新厘定为新的填图单元。本文对研究区2件花岗伟晶岩样品进行岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS稀土微量元素和U-Pb定年的综合研究,获得花岗伟晶岩的原岩年龄,并对其岩石地球化学、成因和构造环境进行了探讨。花岗伟晶岩主要矿物组合为钾长石+斜长石+石英±白云母±电气石,花岗伟晶结构,块状构造。岩石地球化学分析结果显示其均匀具有一致的地球化学特征。它们均显示高的SiO2(72.1%~75.3%)、Al2O3(13.5%~16.4%),低CaO(1.42%~2.03%)、MgO(0.15%~0.76%)、P2O5(0.01%~0.02%%)、TiO2(0.06%~0.17%)等含量;稀土元素总量偏低,稀土富集、重稀土亏损,稀土配分曲线右倾型,明显的正δEu异常;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、U),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)等特征。样品(DST-TW1和WJG-TW1)锆石CL图像强度均较弱,前者大部分锆石不能反映矿物内部结构,后者大部分锆石能显示弱振荡环带,这一特征与锆石U含量均较高(1253.1×10-6~12861.5×10-6、874.5×10-6~5319.1×10-6)相吻合。锆石虽具有岩浆锆石的自形特征,但其Th/U值(0.01~0.26和0.01~0.62)较低,稀土配分模式显示热液锆石特征,在(Sm/La)N—La和Ce/Ce*—(Sm/La)N图解上偏热液锆石区域,此花岗伟晶岩脉可能是母岩浆高度结晶分异后的残余岩浆热液结晶而成,偏热液性质。本文研究的2件样品(DST-TW1和WJG-TW1)年龄分别为1864±20 Ma(MSWD=0.19)和1903.6±4.7 Ma(MSWD=0.041),其侵位时间介于1.9~1.86 Ga之间。从岩石地球化学、形成时代推测其物源与研究区周围~1.87 Ga的S型花岗岩具有亲缘关系。从构造环境来看,研究区内古元古代花岗伟晶岩形成于胶—辽—吉造山带弧陆碰撞结束后伸展的构造体制下,在主期花岗质岩浆上涌之后,地壳在不断伸展和松弛垮塌,大量残余岩浆或岩浆热液上涌形成伟晶岩的岩脉、岩墙或岩体,侵位时代从~1.9 Ga到~1.74 Ga。从而推测胶—辽—吉造山带在碰撞后的构造折返过程中一直处于伸展的构造机制,后造山阶段至少持续了160 Ma。     

湖南仁里矿田锂辉石白云母伟晶岩地质特征及其找矿意义

仁里矿田位于扬子陆块与华夏陆块交汇的江南隆起造山带中段、幕阜山岩体西南缘的舌状体区域。稀有金属伟晶岩矿化类型在空间上具分带性,矿田北东部为白云母伟晶岩,西南部为锂辉石白云母伟晶岩。本文对矿田内3条代表性的锂辉石白云母伟晶岩开展了地质和地球化学特征研究。测试结果为:SiO2含量为62.0%~78.0%(平均71.8%);Al2O3为14.8%~18.0%(平均16.1%),Al2O3/(K2O+Na2O+CaO)摩尔比(A/CNK=1.52~13.0)大于1.1,分异指数(DI)89.7~97.5,∑REE=2.07~14.8μg/g,LREE/HREE=6.90~15.9。研究表明:①仁里矿田伟晶岩为过铝质岩浆系统下高分异、富碱、富稀有金属、富铪锆型花岗质伟晶岩,锂铌钽等稀有金属矿化与磷灰石化关系密切。②锂辉石白云母伟晶岩具有良好的分带性,其结晶分异时间晚于白云母伟晶岩,我们推测伟晶岩岩浆的结晶、分异时间越长越有利于Li元素的富集;矿田稀有金属矿化组合呈现Be+Nb+Ta→Be+Nb+Ta+Li→Be+Li的演化规律。③仁里矿田锂矿资源丰富,主要集中在矿田西南部,有望在进一步增加矿田钽铌资源量的基础上,提交一处高品位的大型锂矿床;在锂矿找矿工作中,尤其注意伟晶岩中的贫Nb、Ta锂辉石白云母伟晶岩地段。     

Geochemistry of K‐feldspar and Muscovite in Rare‐element Pegmatites and Granites from the Totoral Pegmatite Field,San Luis,Argentina

The geochemistry of K‐feldspar for K, P, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs, Ga, and of muscovite for the same elements plus Nb and Ta, was used for proving the parental relationships of S‐type granites and LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) rare‐element pegmatites in the southernmost pegmatitic field of the Pampean pegmatite province in Argentina. The variation of K/Rb‐Cs, K/Cs‐Rb, K/Rb‐Rb/Sr, K/Rb‐Ba in K‐feldspar from the granites and pegmatites show that they form an association with the evolutional sequence: granites → barren‐ to transitional pegmatites → beryl type, beryl‐columbite‐phosphate pegmatites → complex type of spodumene subtype pegmatites → albite‐spodumene type → albite type pegmatites. This sequence reflects the regional distribution of the different magmatic units. The Ta‐Cs diagram for muscovite reveals that none of the studied pegmatites exceed the threshold established in previous studies for being considered with important tantalum oxide mineralization. The granites and pegmatites constitute a rare‐element pegmatitic field in which different magmatic units form a continuous fractionation trend, extended from the less evolved granitic facies to the most geochemically specialized pegmatites     

Classification and mineralization potential of the pegmatites of the Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province

The potential for Nb, Ta, Li, Sn-mineralization as well as for precious stones for the Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP) has been evaluated on the basis of 530 K-feldspar and 550 muscovite major and trace element analyses. The EBPP is situated mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, but encompasses also parts of the States of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. The EBPP is the largest pegmatite province of South America. It was divided into the pegmatite districts of Itambé, Araçuaí, Safira, Nova Era, Aimorés and Espera Feliz. This was done to test whether the pegmatites of these districts differ in their mineralization potential and how geotectonic setting influences mineralization potential. The fractionation diagrams such as Cs, Zn, Li, Be, Ba versus K/Rb, Cs versus Ta/(Ta + Nb), and U, Na₂O versus K/Cs for the pegmatite districts of Araçuaí and Safira show the widest range in fractionation. These pegmatite districts are leaders in the production of gem-quality tourmaline, aquamarine, morganite, and contain abundant spodumene, tantalite and columbite. In contrast, the Espera Feliz and Aimorés pegmatite districts are the most primitive districts examined and have a corresponding lack of rare-element mineralization. Literature data indicate that all studied pegmatites are of Brasiliano age, i.e., formed between 600 and 480?Ma. The pegmatites of Transamazonic age (1.9?Ga), found rarely in the study area, are of economic importance in the context of emerald mineralization, but seem to be of less importance for rare metal and other gemstone mineralization.     

珠峰地区热曲锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及对喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿作用研究的启示

目前研究已经显示，喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩具有良好的铍-铌钽-锂等稀有金属成矿潜力。其中珠穆朗玛峰（后文简称珠峰）西侧的普士拉一带，是喜马拉雅地区锂辉石伟晶岩集中的区域。本文报道在普士拉东北的珠峰北侧热曲地区，发现有含锂辉石伟晶岩脉，这些伟晶岩呈透镜体状集中赋存于肉切村群"黄带层"大理岩与北坳组钙质硅酸岩的接触界线部位，同围岩一起经历了强烈的变形，且未出现明显内部分带结构，矿物组成中包含锂辉石、透锂长石、绿柱石、铌钽铁矿、锡石等锂-铍-铌钽-锡稀有金属矿物，其Li₂O含量达1.30%~2.15%，显示经历过高程度分异演化的岩浆结晶特征。热曲含锂辉石伟晶岩的发现表明珠峰地区具有锂成矿的良好前景，是未来锂矿产勘查的重点靶区，而藏南拆离系韧性剪切带中的肉切村群"黄带层"下部与北坳组顶部位置，是锂辉石伟晶岩的重要富集层位，值得今后在锂资源寻找过程中予以充分关注。     

Large fields of spodumene pegmatites in the settings of rifting and postcollisional shear–pull-apart dislocations of continental lithosphere

The authors analyze the geodynamic settings of large fields of spodumene pegmatites hosting Li and complex (Li, Cs, Ta, Be, and Sn) deposits of rare metals within the Central Asian Fold Belt. Most of the studied fields show a considerable time gap (from few tens of Myr to hundreds of Myr) between the spodumene pegmatites and the associated granites, which are usually considered parental. This evidence necessitates recognition of an independent pegmatite stage in the magmatic history of some pegmatite-bearing structures in Central Asia. The Precambrian–Late Mesozoic interval is marked by a close relationship between the large fields of spodumene pegmatites and extension settings of continental lithosphere. They occur either as (1) zones of long-lived deep faults bordering on trough (rift) structures experiencing the tectonic-magmatic activity or as (2) postcollisional zones of shearing and pull-apart dislocations. Thus, large fields of spodumene pegmatites might serve as indicators of continental-lithosphere extension. Important factors favoring the formation of rare-metal pegmatites both in collision zones and continental-rift settings are the presence of thick mature crust dissected by long-lived, deeply penetrating (down to the upper mantle) fault zones. They ease the effect of deep sources of energy and substance on crustal chambers of granite and pegmatite formation.     

Geology,Fluid Inclusion Characteristics and H–O–C Isotopes of Large Lijiagou Pegmatite Spodumene Deposit in Songpan–Garze Fold Belt,Eastern Tibet: Implications for ore Genesis

The large, newly discovered Lijiagou pegmatite spodumene deposit, is located southeast of the Ke'eryin pegmatite ore field, in the central Songpan–Garze Fold Belt (SGFB), Eastern Tibet. The Lijiagou albite spodumene pegmatites are unzoned, granite‐pegmatites of the subtype LCT (Lithium, Cesium, and Tantalum) and consist of medium‐ to coarse‐grained spodumene, lepidolite, microcline, albite, quartz, muscovite, and accessory amounts of beryl, cassiterite, columbite–tantalite and zircon. Secondary fluid inclusions in quartz and spodumene include two‐phase aqueous inclusions (V + L), mono‐phase vapor inclusions (V); three‐phase CO₂‐rich CO₂–H₂O inclusions (CO₂ + V + L) and less abundant liquid inclusions (L). The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are low (257.3 to 204.3°C in early stage, 250.3 to 199.6°C in middle stage, 218.7 to 200.6°C in late stage). Fluid inclusions were formed during the long cooling period from the temperature of the pegmatite emplacement. Liquid–vapor–gas boiling was extensive during the middle and late stages. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 15.4 to 13.0 wt.% NaCl equiv., 12.5 to 9.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. and 9.8 to 7.8 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. δ¹⁸O values of fluid are 7.2 to 5.2‰, 5.6 to 3.9‰ and 2.7 to −0.2‰ from early to late stages; and δD range from −75.1 to −76.8‰, −59.0 to −73.5‰ and −61.6 to −85.5‰ respectively. The δ¹³C of CO₂ values are −5.6 to −6.6‰, −8.5 to −19.9‰, −11.8 to −18.7‰ from early to late stages, suggesting that CO₂ in the fluids were probably sourced from a magmatic system, possibly with some mixing of CO₂ dissolved in groundwater. δD and δ¹⁸O values of fluid indicate that the fluids were originally magmatic water and mixed with some meteoric water in late stage. The magma evolution sequence in the Ke'eryin orefield, from the central two‐mica granite through the Lijiagou deposit out to the distal pegmatites, with the ages gradually decreasing, indicates that the Ke'eryin complex rocks are the product of multistage magmatic activity. The large Lijiagou spodumene deposit is a typical magmatic, fractional crystallization related pegmatite deposit.