IAEA和中国的硫同位素参考物质的δ33 S、δ34 S值与32S/33S、32S/34S绝对比值

用六氟化硫法对IAEA-S-1、I.AEA-S-2、IAEA-S-3、IAEA-SO-5、IAEA-SO-6、GBW-04414和GBW-04415的δ33S、δ34S值进行了测定.用人工配制的同位素混合物和六氟化硫法对IAEA-S-1、IAEA-S-2、IAEA-S-3和GBW-04414、GBW-04415的32S/33S、32S/34S绝对值进行了标定.其结果对IAEA硫同位素系列参考物质的定值起到了关键作用.     

内生金矿床成因与地幔地壳演化

金矿是当前世界重视的找矿对象。如何认识金矿的形成规律,提供找矿的理论前提,是当前地学界尚待深入研究的重要课题之一。关于金矿床的成因,W. H. Emmons最早进行过系统的研究。对内生金矿床的成因,他在P. Niggli岩浆演化理论的基础上,强调了热液成因的重要性,指出酸性小侵入体是成矿的母岩。近二十年来,世界对金的找矿和采矿不断扩大,对金矿床成因的研究已从单一的     

长江口南槽季节性冲淤变化及其对河流入海水沙响应关系的初步研究

本文利用长江口南槽1989年12个月的实测地形图和大通站相应的水沙资料,采用GIS技术和数理统计技术分析了南槽的地形变化及其与河流来水来沙的关系.结果表明南槽水深与大通站各月平均流量、输沙率和含沙量之间有明显的相关性,说明河口冲淤对流域水沙变化有敏感响应;河槽的响应具有1～1.5月的滞后性.     

The Krakatau islands: The geotectonic setting

The Sunda Strait is located in a transitional zone between two different modes of subduction, the Java frontal and Sumatra oblique subductions. Western Java and Sumatra are, however, geologically continuous.The Krakatau complex lies at the intersection of two graben zones and a north-south active, shallow seismic belt, which coincides with a fracture zone along this seismic belt with fissure extrusion of alkali basaltic rocks commencing at Sukadana and continuing southward as far as the Panaitan island through Rajabasa, Sebuku and Krakatau.Paleomagnetic studies suggest that the island of Sumatra has been rotating clockwise relative to Java from at least 2.0 Ma to the present at a rate of 5–10h/Ma, and therefore the opening of the Sunda Strait might have started before 2 Ma (Nishimura et al. 1986).From geomorphological and seismological studies, it is estimated that the western part of Sumatra has been moving northward along the Semangko fault and the southern part of Sunda Strait has been pulled apart.Assuming that the perpendicular component (58 mm/yr; Fitch 1972) of the oblique subduction has not changed, we can estimate that the subduction started at 7–10 Ma. Huchon and LePichon (1984) also estimated that the subduction started at 13 Ma.Recent crustal earthquakes in the Sunda Strait area are clustered into three groups: (1) beneath the Krakatau complex where they are typically of tectonic origin, (2) inside a graben in the western part of the strait, and (3) in a more diffuse zone south of Sumatra. The individual and composite focal mechanisms of the events inside the strait show an extensional regime. A stress tensor, deduced from the individual focal mechanisms of the Krakatau group shows that the tensional axis has a N 130°E orientation (Harjono et al. 1988).These studies confirm that the Sunda Strait is under a tensional tectonic regime as a result of clockwise rotation along the continental margin and northward movement of the Sumatra sliver plate along the Semangko fault zone.     

暗色岩脉与铀成矿关系研究

本文对暗色岩脉与铀成矿关系在铀成矿的源—运—储三方面进行了较为深入的研究。结果表明,暗色岩脉对铀成矿所起的作用主要是提供有利于铀沉淀富集的场所。岩脉的铀含量数倍于同类岩石是花岗岩地区暗色岩脉的特点,但不代表暗色岩脉能够为铀成矿提供铀源。根据暗色岩脉富含挥发分、所代表的岩浆活动与铀成矿作用最接近、成脉与成矿构造上的关联性以及暗色岩脉是深部岩浆浅部表现形式的成因特点,认为暗色岩脉所代表的岩浆活动、构造运动还可以为铀从花岗岩中的活化转移创造有利条件,岩脉的侵入作用虽然对围岩具有一定的加热作用,但还不能成为铀成矿的主要热源。     

The local geologist 6: The fossil trade

What do you do if a professional collector starts fossicking in your favourite quarry? Call the police? English Nature? The local museum? Or perhaps nip round with the cheque book to get that crinoid you always wanted for the study wall? The correct answer could be any or all of these; professional fossil collecting is an activity with very real costs which are often outweighed by the benefits. It depends who's collecting what, where and when.     

达东古湖的形成、发展与消亡

本文通过卫片解释、水化学和Br的地球化学研究以及地质剖面结构分析,论证了达东古湖的形成、发展和消亡过程。文中指出:大约在9000年前,在柴达木盆地达布逊湖以东约200km~2的干盐滩被溶解,形成了一个卤水湖。后来由于河流改道或气候变干旱,湖水被蒸发,湖体自北向南收缩,直到干化。在湖体收缩过程中,盐类矿物按照K~+-Na~+-Mg~(2+)/Cl~--SO_4~(2-)-H_2O五元体系相图所示的规律结晶:石盐析出较早,主要分布在湖的北部;光卤石结晶较晚,集中分布在湖的南部。在这一过程中,钾盐发生了富集,而且富集在靠淡水源比较近的地方。     

岩石破坏的机理再认识

岩石的各种强度准则一直是解释岩石或岩体破坏机理的主要理论。此外,从流变现象出发,通过数值模拟、实验对照、理论分析、进一步对岩石破坏机理的解释进行了探讨,认为受力岩石或岩体内差异流动变形也是导致岩石破坏的原因。     

矩阵可交换的条件及可交换矩阵的性质

通过对矩阵理论的深入研究，给出了矩阵可交换的条件，并得到可交换矩阵的一些性质。     

西安市街道灰尘中铬、镉、铅赋存状态及环境效应

本文通过对街道灰尘中铬、镉、铅三种元素赋存状态研究、铬、铅在街道灰尘中以残渣态为主，镉以有机质结合态为主。虽然铬、铅、镉存在形式稍有差异，但其在街道灰尘中主要以矿物质的形态存在，说明其比较稳定，不易迁移转化，对环境的危害比较持久。在治理措施上应有早遏止微量元素向环境中排放，以免其与灰尘发生相互作用对环境造成长期的危害。     

The Himalayas

After splitting from Gondwanaland, India drifted northwards to collide with the Asian landmass about 40 million years ago. The intervening Tethys ocean was closed by northwards subduction beneath southern Tibet, and the collision created the Himalayan orogenic belt. Continuing northward movement of India at a rate of about 5 cm per year over the last 40 million years has caused it to indent Asia, and the resultant massive shortening is expressed by thrusting of the northern margin of India, by faulting and earthquakes in the Himalayas and China, by rifting and faulting in Tibet, and by the uplift of the Himalayas which is still continuing at rates of up to several millimetres per year.     

The Archipelago

Editorial

Biological changes     

The Quaternary

In late July 2007, some 1100 Quaternary scientists gathered for a week-long conference in the tropical city of Cairns in northeast Australia for the 17th quadrennial congress of the International Union for Quaternary Research （INQUA）. Conference presentations were on topics in such diverse fields as archaeology, stratigraphy, geomorphology, palaeontology, geochemistry, hydrology, climate change and geochronology. To an outsider, the unifying theme of an INQUA Congress may be difficult to grasp, but diversity has always been a characteristic of Quaternary research, more so than for any other major period of the geological time scale.     

国际工程中设计方的责任

建筑工程中的“设计方”一般是指从事工程设计的专业人士,如建筑师和工程师,但也可能包括除施工或供货以外还承担某些工程设计工作的承包商、分包商及供应商。 “设计”并不限于制作建筑及工程图纸或进行结构方面的运算。设计范围极广,甚至包括了某种材料的选用以及为达到某个目的所应采用的工艺。设计的实质就是选择,选择足以满足工程要求     

The Archipelago

Editorial

The Archipelago     

The Moon

Recent geochemical and geophysical data from the Moon enable a revision of earlier interpretations regarding lunar origin, structure and bulk composition. Earth and Moon show many similarities among their isotopic compositions, but they have evolved in totally dissimilar ways, probably related to the deficiency of water and volatile elements in the Moon as well as the vast differences in size and internal pressure. Some global geochemical differences from the Earth such as volatile depletion based on K/U ratios have been established. However, all current lunar samples come from differentiated regions, making the establishment of a bulk composition more reliant on bulk geophysical properties or isotopic similarities; it remains unclear how the latter arose or relate to whole Moon composition. The lack of fractionation effects among the refractory and super-refractory elements indicates that the proto-lunar material seems unlikely to have been vaporized while the presence of volatile elements may place lower limits on proto-lunar temperatures. The apparent lack of geochemical evidence of an impacting body enables other possible impactors, such as comets, to be considered. Although the origin of the Moon remains currently unknown, it is generally believed that the Moon originated as the result of a giant impact on the Earth.