黔中隆起及邻区分带性变形特征

QZ2006-40地震测线的构造变形样式及其平衡剖面缩短量分析表明,黔中隆起及邻区具有明显的分带性变形特征自NW至SE依次可以划分为黔西北构造带、黔中构造带、麻江-凯里构造带、雪峰构造带,黔西北构造带的构造变形整体上以隔挡式褶皱及其组合为主,黔中构造带的构造变形样式以平缓的褶皱及其组合为主,麻江-凯里构造带以隔槽式褶皱及其组合为主,雪峰构造带以梵净山群、板溪群和南华系褶皱岩系变形为主.平衡剖面分析结果表明研究区经历了多期复杂的构造活动,不同构造带的缩短率揭示不同时期构造活动在不同带所表现的强度不同.总的来说,寒武纪以来麻江-凯里构造带构造活动最强烈,其次为黔中构造带,黔西北构造带构造活动最弱.整体体现出明显的分带性变形特征.     

华南地块雪峰山中生代板内造山带构造样式及其形成机制

华南大地构造核心问题之一是江南—雪峰山造山带的属性。在前人工作基础上,对横切雪峰山造山带的地质剖面进行了详细的区域地质、构造变形和部分重点区段地震反射剖面深部构造解释,划分出5个大地构造单元:(1)湘中复合逆冲构造带。该带位处雪峰山造山带东部,以龙山复合构造穹隆等为代表,是近EW向加里东造山带与NE向燕山造山带复合叠加的结果;其中燕山期构造样式总体为倾向SE逆冲断层控制的尖棱背斜构造。(2)雪峰山厚皮逆冲构造带。该带西以大庸逆冲断裂为界,带内板溪群浅变质褶皱基底大面积出露,总体发育指向NW的断层-褶皱组合。断坪-断坡式逆冲断层从板溪群内部薄弱层发育,向浅部产状明显变陡,并导致新元古界板溪群逆冲于古生界之上,控制了沅麻等中生代盆地的形成,沿断坡形成紧闭背斜和沿断坪形成宽缓向斜;表明其为典型的断层相关褶皱。断层褶皱组合与地表剥蚀共同作用,形成飞来峰和构造窗。(3)以梵净山构造穹隆为代表的梵净山—走马构造穹隆带。该带呈NE向长垣状,核部出露新元古界下部梵净山群。断坪-断坡式逆冲断层深切梵净山群,在断层上盘形成不对称箱状背斜。因此总体为典型的厚皮逆冲作用下的断层相关褶皱。(4)隔槽式逆冲构造带。此带主要发育一系列轴向NE的箱状背斜和尖棱向斜。箱状背斜核部为寒武系,向深部卷入震旦系—板溪群,形成基底卷入的断层-褶皱组合,其浅部形成叠瓦状逆冲断层-褶皱组合,从而构成主动双重逆冲构造。(5)华蓥山断裂与齐岳山断裂间的隔档式薄皮构造带。带内以发育尖棱背斜和箱状向斜为特征,是倾向SE断坪-断坡控制下的断展褶皱组合。上述5个构造单元变形区域卷入了上三叠统—下侏罗统,但为上白垩统角度不整合覆盖,表明变形时间为中生代中晚期,并且有从SE向NW渐次变新的趋势。将各构造单元及不同构造层次构造组合联系起来,建立起以断层相关褶皱为基本构造样式,从SE向NW,从深部向浅部发展的雪峰山中生代板内造山带的递进演化运动学新模式。     

贵州梵净山白云母花岗岩锆石年代、铪同位素及对华南地壳生长的制约

贵州梵净山地区位于＂江南造山带＂西南段,出露地层为中新元古界梵净山群、青白口系板溪群、南华系及古生界地层。梵净山群已强烈褶皱,被青白口系板溪群角度不整合覆盖。浅色白云母花岗岩侵位于褶皱的梵净山群中;锆石原位LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,其形成时代为（838.5±1.5）Ma。地球化学分析结果表明,其A/CNK值〉1....     

雪峰造山带中段地质构造特征

雪峰造山带的地质构造特征认识尚存在较多分歧。通过构造剖面测制并结合区域地质调查,对雪峰造山带中段东部怀化—两丫坪地区的形变类型、变形时代、变形强度、剖面结构以及构造变形的运动学特征、成因机制和构造体制等进行了较全面的分析研究,取得以下主要认识和进展:(1)雪峰造山带中段形变类型主要有板劈理、折劈理、褶皱及与褶皱同走向的大型膝褶带、逆断裂、正断裂、右行走滑断裂等;(2)加里东运动和早中生代构造运动(印支运动与早燕山运动)中均存在明显的挤压变形,构造体制均为NW—NWW向挤压,形成NE—NNE向褶皱和逆断裂,加里东运动尚形成了板劈理和大型膝褶带;(3)雪峰造山带中段以溆浦—靖州断裂为界分为东带和西带,分别为加里东期区域雪峰逆冲推覆构造的根带和中带。东带板劈理发育,西带板劈理不发育且上古生界与下伏地层产状相近,表明加里东运动中东带变形强度明显大于西带,不整合特征、抬升幅度、逆冲断裂的发育特征等表明早中生代构造运动中东带变形较强,而西带变形较弱;(4)劈理优势倾向以及褶皱轴面和逆断裂的倾向,反映雪峰造山带东带加里东运动和早中生代构造运动中均具有背冲构造样式,但早中生代背冲构造的中轴相对加里东期向西迁移25 km以上;(5)南华纪早期溆浦—靖州断裂以东大幅伸展断陷并接受巨厚沉积,晚古生代期间断裂东侧大幅伸展沉降而构成湘中沉积盆地的西边界,反映雪峰造山带东带为一块体强度低的构造薄弱带,这是其变形强度大于西带及成为雪峰推覆构造根带的主要原因。     

雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带震旦系-下古生界油气地质调查研究进展

近年来针对雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带震旦系-下古生界油气新区新层系所开展的主要油气地质综合调查研究工作及取得的主要进展有：一是综合利用野外地质调查、微古化石和同位素地层测试及以往资料成果,建立完善了震旦系-下古生界统一的多重地层划分对比方案,新建了几丁虫等典型微古化石剖面和同位素地层剖面;二是基本查明区内构造格架和主要褶皱、断裂、滑脱层的分布特征,明确雪峰山主要为准原地构造隆起成因;三是较高精度地恢复了震旦纪-早古生代重点时期岩相古地理面貌及其沉积充填演化序列,揭示了沉积相带对生储岩石发育分布的控制关系;四是更详细地圈定了震旦系-下古生界9个重点层组烃源岩和储集岩的发育分布特征,划分出3套有利生储盖组合;五是解剖总结认为构造抬升和断裂活动是区内及邻区古油藏形成的主要控制因素．其中断裂是决定现今油气保存与勘探选区最重要的因素之一;六是优选出利川-恩施等4个有利含气远景区及2个较有利含气远景区,为深入开展油气勘探目标区优选、实现油气勘探新发现奠定工作基础。     

东山峰背斜走廊剖面构造特征及其对铅锌矿的控制作用

东山峰背斜是湘鄂西褶皱冲断带的一部分,剖面构造为基底和盖层组成的双层结构。由于江南-雪峰基底拆离推覆隆起带向NW方向的推挤,导致湘鄂西区沉积盖层沿南华系和震旦系陡山沱组下段、寒武系牛蹄塘组、志留系龙马溪组等三个主滑面发生了三个层次的滑脱和褶皱,形成自底部滑脱层向上传播的以前展式的正向(倾向SE)冲断系。铅锌矿的产出层位与矿源层的分布层位有一定的依存关系,寒武系下统牛蹄塘组是区内主要的铅锌矿源层,矿源层与构造形迹共同控制了东山峰背斜范围内的铅锌矿分布。背斜两翼构造形迹的不同,造成了两翼铅锌矿化特征的差异,背斜西部轴部转折区带是最具找矿潜力的部位。     

雪峰山西部中生代厚皮逆冲推覆构造样式与变形特征研究

雪峰山厚皮逆冲推覆构造带位于扬子地块东南缘,由南向北,主构造线走向由北北东向渐变为北东东向,形成向北西突出的弧形。构造带内基底新元古界板溪群大面积出露,这些基底出露的原因和构造方式是华南中生代大地构造分析的核心问题之一。以野外构造解析为基础,结合相关地球物理资料解释,对雪峰山西部逆冲推覆构造的构造样式与变形序列进行了系统的解析。结果表明,雪峰山构造带从印支期开始发育由南东向北西的大规模的逆冲推覆构造,逆冲断层在近地表向南东陡倾,向下逐渐收敛于基底内的滑脱断层之上。基底新元古界板溪群及早古生界均卷入了推覆构造,同时逆冲覆盖于中生代地层之上,形成厚皮构造,并造成了基底板溪群的大面积出露。     

齐岳山断裂东侧盆山过渡带褶皱特征及其变形机制

雪峰造山带与四川盆地之间的盆山过渡带以齐岳山断裂为界,分为西部的隔档式褶皱带和东部的隔槽式褶皱带。对盆山过渡带内褶皱的成因和形成机制有多种不同观点,其中以"雪峰西推模型"影响最大并广为研究者接受。该模型认为盖层(南华系及以上地层)在雪峰造山带推覆体的推动下向NW发生多层次拆离推覆及递进挤压而形成隔槽式与隔档式褶皱。本文通过实测构造剖面、地球物理剖面及区域地质资料分析,选择桑植-石门复向斜和沿河地区褶皱对齐岳山断裂以东地区的褶皱变形特征、形成机制进行了解剖研究,取得以下主要认识:(1)桑植-石门复向斜内褶皱具"复杂褶皱"组合样式,主要形成于中三叠世后期印支运动;沿河地区褶皱为典型隔槽式褶皱,主要与早燕山运动NWW向挤压有关;(2)褶皱主要受区域挤压体制下包括褶皱基底和盖层在内的原地岩层体的整体水平收缩及其导生的冲断、滑脱作用所控制,其中桑植-石门复向斜内褶皱基底变形主要以逆冲断裂为主,沿河地区褶皱基底变形则以滑脱背斜为主;(3)区域挤压下整体水平收缩变形机制,可以很好地解释雪峰西推模型不能解释的若干重要地质事实,包括褶皱轴面和逆冲断裂无向东或南东倾斜极性、雪峰造山带未发生向西侧褶皱带的大规模推覆、盆山过渡带具大幅度整体性构造抬升等,同时也不存在雪峰西推模型中地质剖面无法平衡的问题。     

准噶尔盆地南缘中段构造的平衡剖面研究

笔者以平衡剖面理论为指导,利用平衡剖面反演技术,研究了准噶尔盆地南缘中段3条代表性剖面构造的几何学、运动学与发育史。研究表明准噶尔盆地南缘中段山前冲断带构造变形强度由北到南整体表现为由弱变强,反冲断层位移逐渐增大、反冲断层所滑脱的层位亦逐渐加深。纵向上划分为基底卷入型褶皱—冲断带和滑脱型褶皱—冲断带;在横向上不同构造带之间通过相邻构造的变形样式和滑脱层位的渐变实现位移的传递、转换和互补,从而保持褶皱—逆冲断层累计缩短量沿走向有规律的渐变关系。     

湘黔边境加里东板内造山期后正向滑脱构造与成矿

湘黔边境地处扬子板块东南缘,加里东运动是区内古生代最强烈的板内造山运动;由新元古界板溪群至下古生界奥陶系所构成的NE-NNE向褶皱带为区内主体构造;近期区域地质调查所发现的加里东造山期后,构造体制由挤压转换为伸展所产生的一套正向顺层滑脱构造系统更具特色,不但空间结构完整,构造变形清楚,正向顺层滑脱标志明显,而且成矿控矿作用突出,是湘黔边境著名汞矿带的重要控矿构造.     

关于建立“板溪系”的建议及其基础的讨论——以黔东地区为例

作者在分析黔东新元古代早期沉积时限的基础上,结合前人关于Sturtian冰期、南华系底界、青白口系年代学的最新研究成果,指出华南新元古代裂谷盆地早期沉积(板溪群或与之相当的高涧群、芙蓉溪群、丹洲群、下江群、登山群、历口群等)时限为740～820Ma,是南华纪冰期前的非冰成沉积,是Rodinia裂解机制下的填平补齐沉积;而青白口系沉积可能是与Rodinia形成相关的板块碰撞机制下坳陷盆地沉积,南华系是与国际成冰系相对应的冰期沉积,是华南新元古代裂谷盆地的第一个盖层,因此,将板溪群、下江群等归入南华系或青白口系均不合理。由此提出了"板溪系"概念,它包括板溪群或与之相当的一套楔状地层。结合目前华南裂谷盆地开启年龄和南华纪冰期的起始年龄,板溪纪的时限暂定为850～740Ma。板溪系的提出不仅将有利于解决长期存在的南华系划分对比问题,同时也必将有利于新元古代裂谷盆地早期演化及其与Rodinia超大陆裂解、冰期形成等关系的研究和相关重大气候、环境巨变问题的探讨。     

关于建立“板溪系”的建议及其基础的讨论——以黔东地区为例汪正江

作者在分析黔东新元古代早期沉积时限的基础上,结合前人关于Sturtian冰期、南华系底界、青白口系年代学的最新研究成果,指出华南新元古代裂谷盆地早期沉积（板溪群或与之相当的高涧群、芙蓉溪群、丹洲群、下江群、登山群、历口群等）时限为740～820Ma,是南华纪冰期前的非冰成沉积,是Rodinia裂解机制下的填平补齐沉积;而青白口系沉积可能是与Rodinia形成相关的板块碰撞机制下坳陷盆地沉积,南华系是与国际成冰系相对应的冰期沉积,是华南新元古代裂谷盆地的第一个盖层,因此,将板溪群、下江群等归入南华系或青白口系均不合理。由此提出了“板溪系”概念,它包括板溪群或与之相当的一套楔状地层。结合目前华南裂谷盆地开启年龄和南华纪冰期的起始年龄,板溪纪的时限暂定为850～740Ma。 板溪系的提出不仅将有利于解决长期存在的南华系划分对比问题,同时也必将有利于新元古代裂谷盆地早期演化及其与Rodinia超大陆裂解、冰期形成等关系的研究和相关重大气候、环境巨变问题的探讨。     

湖南1∶25万怀化幅区域地质调查主要成果及新认识

1∶25万怀化幅图区主要位于扬子陆块东南缘,自西向东划分为武陵断弯褶皱带、沅麻盆地、雪峰冲断带及邵阳坳褶带4个构造单元。通过此次调查研究,取得了以下主要进展及成果: 基本查明了区内板溪群与高涧群的相变关系及界线; 提出了南华纪长安期沿雪峰山与涟邵盆地的结合带存在一凹陷槽; 对区内岩浆岩侵入时代和期次做了详细的划分,建立了岩浆演化序列; 结合同位素年龄数据,系统地对白马山—龙山复式岩基带及其周边的中酸性—酸性花岗岩体侵入时代、火山岩系的喷发时代进行了统一厘定; 查明了雪峰造山带的构造变形特征、构造样式以及沅麻盆地的构造特征和形成演化过程。     

Fold-interference patterns in the Bowen Basin,northeastern Australia

Deformation patterns of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata in eastern Australia are evidence of a structural and tectonic history that included multiple periods of deformation with variable strain intensities and orientations. Detailed analysis of structural data from the Bowen Basin in northeastern Australia reveals previously undescribed, north–south elongate, Type-1 fold-interference patterns. The Bowen Basin structures have similar orientations to previously described interference patterns of equivalent scale in upper Paleozoic strata of the New England Orogen and Sydney Basin of eastern Australia. The east Australian folds with north–south-trending axes most likely formed during late stages of the Permian–Triassic Hunter–Bowen Orogeny, and they were subsequently refolded around east–west axes during post 30 Ma collision of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian and Pacific plates. The younger, east–west-trending folds have orientations that are well aligned with the present-day horizontal stress field of much of eastern Australia, raising the possibility that they are active structures.     

Geochronology and Tectonic Evolution of the West Section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt

As an important part of South China Old Land, the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt plays a significant role in explaining the assembly and the evolution of the Upper Yangtze Block and Cathaysia, as well as the structure and growth mechanism of continental lithosphere in South China.The Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups are the base strata of the west section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt.Thus, the research of geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups is significant.The maximum sedimentary age of the Lengjiaxi Group is ca.862 Ma, and the minimum is ca.822 Ma.The Zhangjiawan Formation, which is situated in the upper part of the Banxi Group is ca.802 Ma.The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata should thus belong to the Neoproterozoic in age.The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt consisting of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as important constituents is not a Greenville Orogen Belt(1.3 Ga–1.0 Ga).The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a recyclic orogenic belt, and the prototype basin is a foreland basin with materials derived from the southwest and the sediments belong to the active continental sedimentation.By combining large amounts of dating data of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as well as equivalent strata, the evolutionary model of the western section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is established as follows: Before 862 Ma, the South China Ocean was subducted beneath the Upper Yangtze Block, while a continental island arc was formed on the side near the Upper Yangtze Block.The South China Ocean was not closed in this period.From 862 Ma to 822 Ma, the Upper Yangtze Block was collided with Cathaysia; and sediments began to be deposited in the foreland basin between the two blocks.The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata were thus formed and the materials might be derived from the recyclic orogenic belt.From 822 Ma to 802 Ma, Cathaysia continued pushing to the Upper Yangtze Block, experienced the Jinning-Sibao Movement(Wuling Movement); as result, the folded basement of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt was formed.After 802 Ma, Cathaysia and the Upper Yangtze Block were separated from each other, the Nanhua rift basin was formed and began to receive the sediments of the Banxi Group and equivalent strata.These large amounts of dating data and research results also indicate that before the collision of the Upper Yangtze Block with Cathaysia, materials of the continental crust became less and less from the southwest to the east in the Jiangnan Orogeneic Belt; only island arc and neomagmatic arc were developed in the eastern section.Ocean-continent subduction or continent-continent subduction took place in the western and southern sections, while intra-oceanic subduction occurred in the eastern section.Comprehensive analyses on U-Pb ages and Hf model ages of zircons, the main provenance of the Lengjiaxi Group is Cathaysia.     

Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions,Central China

The Longmen Shan region includes, from west to east, the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern part of the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt. In the northeast, it merges with the Micang Shan, a part of the Qinling Mountains. The Longmen Shan region can be divided into two major tectonic elements: (1) an autochthon/parautochthon, which underlies the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt; and (2) a complex allochthon, which underlies the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The allochthon was emplaced toward the southeast during Late Triassic time, and it and the western part of the autochthon/parautochthon were modified by Cenozoic deformation.

The autochthon/parautochthon was formed from the western part of the Yangtze platform and consists of a Proterozoic basement covered by a thin, incomplete succession of Late Proterozoic to Middle Triassic shallow-marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks interrupted by Permian extension and basic magmatism in the southwest. The platform is bounded by continental margins that formed in Silurian time to the west and in Late Proterozoic time to the north. Within the southwestern part of the platform is the narrow N-trending Kungdian high, a paleogeographic unit that was positive during part of Paleozoic time and whose crest is characterized by nonmarine Upper Triassic rocks unconformably overlying Proterozoic basement.

In the western part of the Longmen Shan region, the allochthon is composed mainly of a very thick succession of strongly folded Middle and Upper Triassic Songpan Ganzi flysch. Along the eastern side and at the base of the allochthon, pre-Upper Triassic rocks crop out, forming the only exposures of the western margin of the Yangtze platform. Here, Upper Proterozoic to Ordovician, mainly shallow-marine rocks unconformably overlie Yangtze-type Proterozic basement rocks, but in Silurian time a thick section of fine-grained clastic and carbonate rocks were deposited, marking the initial subsidence of the western Yangtze platform and formation of a continental margin. Similar deep-water rocks were deposited throughout Devonian to Middle Triassic time, when Songpan Ganzi flysch deposition began. Permian conglomerate and basic volcanic rocks in the southeastern part of the allochthon indicate a second period of extension along the continental margin. Evidence suggests that the deep-water region along and west of the Yangtze continental margin was underlain mostly by thin continental crust, but its westernmost part may have contained areas underlain by oceanic crust. In the northern part of the Longmen Shan allochthon, thick Devonian to Upper Triassic shallow-water deposits of the Xue Shan platform are flanked by deep-marine rocks and the platform is interpreted to be a fragment of the Qinling continental margin transported westward during early Mesozoic transpressive tectonism.

In the Longmen Shan region, the allochthon, carrying the western part of the Yangtze continental margin and Songpan Ganzi flysch, was emplaced to the southeast above rocks of the Yangtze platform autochthon. The eastern margin of the allochthon in the northern Longmen Shan is unconformably overlapped by both Lower and Middle Jurassic strata that are continuous with rocks of the autochthon. Folded rocks of the allochthon are unconformably overlapped by Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks in rare outcrops in the northern part of the region. They also are extensively intruded by a poorly dated, generally undeformed belt, of plutons whose ages (mostly K/Ar ages) range from Late Triassic to early Cenozoic, but most of the reliable ages are early Mesozoic. All evidence indicates that the major deformation within the allochthon is Late Triassic/Early Jurassic in age (Indosinian). The eastern front of the allochthon trends southwest across the present mountain front, so it lies along the mountain front in the northeast, but is located well to the west of the present mountain front on the south.

The Late Triassic deformation is characterized by upright to overturned folded and refolded Triassic flysch, with generally NW-trending axial traces in the western part of the region. Folds and thrust faults curve to the north when traced to the east, so that along the eastern front of the allochthon structures trend northeast, involve pre-Triassic rocks, and parallel the eastern boundary of the allochthon. The curvature of structural trends is interpreted as forming part of a left-lateral transpressive boundary developed during emplacement of the allochthon. Regionally, the Longmen Shan lies along a NE-trending transpressive margin of the Yangtze platform within a broad zone of generally N-S shortening. North of the Longmen Shan region, northward subduction led to collision of the South and North China continental fragments along the Qinling Mountains, but northwest of the Longmen Shan region, subduction led to shortening within the Songpan Ganzi flysch basin, forming a detached fold-and-thrust belt. South of the Longmen Shan region, the flysch basin is bounded by the Shaluli Shan/Chola Shan arc—an originally Sfacing arc that reversed polarity in Late Triassic time, leading to shortening along the southern margin of the Songpan Ganzi flysch belt. Shortening within the flysch belt was oblique to the Yangtze continental margin such that the allochthon in the Longmen Shan region was emplaced within a left-lateral transpressive environment. Possible clockwise rotation of the Yangtze platform (part of the South China continental fragment) also may have contributed to left-lateral transpression with SE-directed shortening. During left-lateral transpression, the Xue Shan platform was displaced southwestward from the Qinling orogen and incorporated into the Longmen Shan allochthon. Westward movement of the platform caused complex refolding in the northern part of the Longmen Shan region.

Emplacement of the allochthon flexurally loaded the western part of the Yangtze platform autochthon, forming a Late Triassic foredeep. Foredeep deposition, often involving thick conglomerate units derived from the west, continued from Middle Jurassic into Cretaceous time, although evidence for deformation of this age in the allochthon is generally lacking.

Folding in the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt along the eastern side of the Sichuan Basin can be dated as Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous in age, but only in areas 100 km east of the westernmost folds. Folding and thrusting was related to convergent activity far to the east along the eastern margin of South China. The westernmost folds trend southwest and merge to the south with folds and locally form refolded folds that involve Upper Cretaceous and lower Cenozoic rocks. The boundary between Cenozoic and late Mesozoic folding on the eastern and southern margins of the Sichuan Basin remains poorly determined.

The present mountainous eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in the Longmen Shan region is a consequence of Cenozoic deformation. It rises within 100 km from 500–600 m in the Sichuan Basin to peaks in the west reaching 5500 m and 7500 m in the north and south, respectively. West of these high peaks is the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, an area of low relief at an elevations of about 4000 m.

Cenozoic deformation can be demonstrated in the autochthon of the southern Longmen Shan, where the stratigraphic sequence is without an angular unconformity from Paleozoic to Eocene or Oligocene time. During Cenozoic deformation, the western part of the Yangtze platform (part of the autochthon for Late Triassic deformation) was deformed into a N- to NE-trending foldandthrust belt. In its eastern part the fold-thrust belt is detached near the base of the platform succession and affects rocks within and along the western and southern margin of the Sichuan Basin, but to the west and south the detachment is within Proterozoic basement rocks. The westernmost structures of the fold-thrust belt form a belt of exposed basement massifs. During the middle and later part of the Cenozoic deformation, strike-slip faulting became important; the fold-thrust belt became partly right-lateral transpressive in the central and northeastern Longmen Shan. The southern part of the fold-thrust belt has a more complex evolution. Early Nto NE-trending folds and thrust faults are deformed by NW-trending basementinvolved folds and thrust faults that intersect with the NE-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults. Youngest structures in this southern area are dominated by left-lateral transpression related to movement on the Xianshuihe fault system.

The extent of Cenozoic deformation within the area underlain by the early Mesozoic allochthon remains unknown, because of the absence of rocks of the appropriate age to date Cenozoic deformation. Klippen of the allochthon were emplaced above the Cenozoic fold-andthrust belt in the central part of the eastern Longmen Shan, indicating that the allochthon was at least partly reactivated during Cenozoic time. Only in the Min Shan in the northern part of the allochthon is Cenozoic deformation demonstrated along two active zones of E-W shortening and associated left-slip. These structures trend obliquely across early Mesozoic structures and are probably related to shortening transferred from a major zone of active left-slip faulting that trends through the western Qinling Mountains. Active deformation is along the left-slip transpressive NW-trending Xianshuihe fault zone in the south, right-slip transpression along several major NE-trending faults in the central and northeastern Longmen Shan, and E-W shortening with minor left-slip movement along the Min Jiang and Huya fault zones in the north.

Our estimates of Cenozoic shortening along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau appear to be inadequate to account for the thick crust and high elevation of the plateau. We suggest here that the thick crust and high elevation is caused by lateral flow of the middle and lower crust eastward from the central part of the plateau and only minor crustal shortening in the upper crust. Upper crustal structure is largely controlled in the Longmen Shan region by older crustal anisotropics; thus shortening and eastward movement of upper crustal material is characterized by irregular deformation localized along older structural boundaries.     

黔东地区变质核杂岩构造及其控矿作用

黔东地区的变质核杂岩构造其变质核杂岩为中元古界四堡群、梵净山群变质基底,其主滑脱面发育于新元古界底部的甲路组,同时在下江群、板溪群中出现一系列次级滑脱面,在其上的早古生代地层中则发育伸展剥离正断层系统。该类型构造形成于加里东期末,是该区加里东造山期后隆升背景的产物。变质核杂岩构造与该地区的金、铜、铅、锌、锑及汞等矿产关系十分密切,它们分别受控于主滑脱带、次级滑脱带及伸展剥离正断层系统,且在剖面上矿物组合、成矿温度出现有规律变化,反映出该地区金及多金属矿产是受控于变质核杂岩构造的一个完整的、相互有机联系的成矿系统。     

雪峰山陆内造山带的构造特征与演化

在对雪峰山的地质构造及其演化作了研究,并和阿尔卑斯式、阿巴拉契亚式的造山带和远程推覆体作了对比研究以后,作者认为：雪峰山地区的地质构造以具有多期,多层次的层滑构造为主要特色。其主要特征表现为在垂向剖面上有着多个区域性滑脱层,发育株罗山式褐挣矣逆冲叠瓦推覆构造,但它不是阿巴拉契式远程异地推覆体而是准原地型的。逆掩推覆虽然使原来沉积相带变窄,但并未破坏原来扬子地块东南边缘自北西向南东的由台地相－－斜坡相－－深水盆地相的沉积古地理格局,它是陆内造山带常见的构造样式,是在陆内裂陷的背景上由于裂谷关闭时陆块拼贴碰撞(即所谓软碰撞)和陆内俯冲产生的。雪峰山地区也发育伸展剥离和滑覆构造,伴随每一次挤压造山、地壳加厚的过程,在后造山期,也有地壳的隆升、地壳的拉伸和厚度减薄,它是深部岩石圈拆沉作用在地壳中的表现。