鲁北平原浅层地下水有机污染特征及污染来源分析

本文在对鲁北平原水文地质条件及污染源现状分析的基础上,对浅层地下水进行了高密度的样品采集、高精度的污染物组分测试及污染程度研究,分析研究结果表明:鲁北平原浅层地下水在部分地区受到有机物污染,污染程度总体较低,个别地区出现中度污染和重度污染。检出的有机污染物共13种,个别有机物含量高。浅层地下水污染区的分布及污染程度,与油田采油区位置及石油化工企业的分布具有相关性。     

胜利油田陆上采油区浅层地下水与土壤有机污染特征研究

本文在对胜利油田陆上采油区水文地质条件和污染源现状分析的基础上,对浅层地下水和包气带土壤进行了样品采集、污染物组分测试及污染程度研究,分析研究结果表明:胜利油田陆上采油区浅层地下水和土壤已普遍受有机物污染并形成多个有机污染区,检出的有机污染物达16种之多,个别有机物含量还很高.浅层地下水污染程度受到油田采油井数量、采油...     

淮河流域（山东段）南部平原区浅层地下水有机污染特征

随着经济的发展,淮河流域山东段南部平原区地下水污染、环境问题日趋严重。就该区浅层地下水有机污染特征进行了总结,并就污染源、浅层地下水及表层土壤有机污染现状、河流对两侧浅层地下水的影响及污染途径等问题进行了研究。结果表明,该地区浅层地下水中有机组分检出率较低,有机组分中仅有个别指标水质超标,研究区浅层地下水有机污染程度整体较轻。平面分布特征上,有机物检出点及污染严重点主要集中在城镇所在地及周边地区、河道两侧及工矿企业密集区;在垂向分布特征上,浅层地下水的有机污染程度较深层地下水严重,随着深度的增加,污染程度逐渐减弱。     

淮河流域盱眙段浅层地下水有机污染物特征及成因分析

应用GC/MS等多种分析技术,对淮河盱眙段浅层地下水45个监测点三大类(挥发性有机物、半挥发性有机物和有机磷农药)共82项有机物指标进行了监测分析。结果表明,半挥发性有机物(SVOC)中酞酸二辛酯、萘和菲普遍检出,挥发性有机物(VOC)和有机磷农药指标局部检出;PAHs个别指标浓度较高。所有检出的有机污染物无论是检出率还是检出浓度水平均表现出上游高于下游的特点。该地区的浅层地下水有机物污染与淮河污染、化肥农药施用、局部点源污染及地质环境特征有关。     

黄河下游平原地下水有机污染特征分析

以大量的地下水测试数据为基础,从污染源分布及水文地质条件入手,对黄河下游平原地下水中有机污染物类型及污染程度进行了深入研究。黄河下游平原地下水普遍受到有机物污染并形成多个典型有机污染区,有机物总检出率为35．5％,检出的有机污染物种类达29种,单个样品检出的有机物种类最多达19种,部分有机物含量超过地下水饮用标准,致使地下水质量恶化。地下水污染区的分布及污染程度与污染源的种类和分布具有很好的相关性。     

山东省汶泗河冲洪积平原地下水污染评价与安全供水对策

在对汶泗河冲洪积平原水文地质条件和污染源现状进行阐述的基础上,对不同含水岩组无机组分指标进行了分析,表明浅层孔隙水和部分地区岩溶裂隙水无机组分含量大幅增高,深层孔隙水无机物含量则变化不大。在有机污染方面,浅层孔隙水有机物检出率26.8%,但含量很低,远未达到饮用水标准限值;岩溶裂隙水有机物检出率46.7%,检出率相对较高,局部地段有机物超标;深层孔隙水有机物基本未检出。该区地下水污染评价结果表明,浅层孔隙水和岩溶裂隙水无机污染呈面状污染特征,且污染程度较重,而有机污染则呈现点状污染特征,且污染程度总体较轻。对研究区地下水污染现状,提出了地下水安全供水对策。     

濮阳市地下水污染特征分析

针对濮阳市地下水代表性样品,采用地下水质量标准及规范、技术要求,对该区地下水污染特征进行27项无机评价及37项有机污染项目定量分析评价,重点对有机污染污染项目进行评价。结果表明,区内地下水污染有机物25项为未污染,12项为轻污染,两项为中污染～严重污染。地下水中,浅层水中有机物检出数目较重深层及深层水中高,检出量大,油田采油区单环芳香烃类有机物含量高于其它地区;金堤河以北为城市区,纺织等轻工制造业较发达,1,2—二氯丙烷检出数量较多。     

山东昌邑市地表水及浅层地下水有机污染分布特征研究

昌邑市城区及相关产业园都坐落于潍河冲洪积扇上。2014-2015年进行的昌邑市地下水环境调查项目在该区采集了53组地表水、地下水样品,检测有机污染物90项,地表水中检出的有机污染组分24种,占检测总种类的26. 67%;地下水中检出的有机污染组分14种,占检测总种类的15. 5%;二者均未发现有机物超标现象。地表水有机污染物主要来源于当地企业排污,污水经污水处理厂处理后,有机物种类急剧降低,但很难根除,在远离排污口,有机物的检出种类减少。低强度的污染源对地下水的污染小,地下水的有机污染检出呈点状,具分散性;强度较高且持续的污染会使进入地下水中的有机物呈片状分布,有机物类型为难以降解的三氯甲烷等为主。此项研究能为昌邑市及类似地区产业布局调整、污水排放处理提供科学支撑。     

江苏某化学工业区浅层地下水有机污染特征

对江苏某化工区及其周围地区（农业区）34个浅层地下水样点的水质测试结果进行了统计分析。结果表明：91项有机测试指标中检出16项,其中,检出率较高的有二氯甲烷、菲、荧蒽、芘、β-BHC和萘。在平面分布上,化工区内样点检出有机物的种类和项数均大于周围地区（农业区）,说明该区有机污染程度与化工企业的分布密切相关;挥发性有机物二氯甲烷可通过大气干湿沉降作用污染浅层地下水。     

滦河三角洲地下水污染调查评价

滦河三角洲是中国北方重要经济区,人口众多,地下水是主要供水水源。在工业和生活污染物排放及农业施用化肥的影响下,地下水遭受一定程度的污染。笔者近年来在滦河三角洲地区开展了野外调查,采集了399组地下水样品,每个样品检测污染指标34项。其中包括,三氮、毒性重金属指标、挥发性有机指标、半挥发性有机指标。本文采用综合污染指数法对滦河三角洲地下水污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:滦河三角洲以工业污染为主,其次为农业污染。浅层地下水以轻微污染为主,未污染比例较低,极重污染的比例相对较高,主要受人类活动影响。深层地下水也有一定程度的污染,但比浅层地下水轻,仅少量的水样点显示轻污染、极重污染,这些样点主要呈点状零星分布。地下水污染的主要因素为"三氮",浅层地下水多受到轻微污染。     

三江平原建三江农场地下水有机污染与无机污染现状初探

通过对三江平原建三江农场采取的21组浅层地下水水样分析,发现Ⅲ类水1组,Ⅳ类水11组,Ⅴ类水9组,13组样品有机污染物有检出,均未超标.总体来看,三江平原建三江农场水田区地下水污染较为严重,大多数为Ⅳ、Ⅴ类,不适合作为生活饮用水使用.铁、锰受原生地质环境的影响部分超标;挥发酚与铅超标的原因尚待查明;有机氯农药类均没有检出,说明这类农药在浅层地下水中残留已不多;亚硝酸盐、氨氮等超标严重,说明农业生产中施用的大量化肥严重影响了浅层地下水水质.     

Evaluation of groundwater quality and pollution in Daqing Oilfield

Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast of Songnen Plain in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, which is a petrochemical industry gathering place based on petroleum refining, chemical industry, chemical fiber and fertilizer. In recent years, the quantity demand of petroleum and petrochemical production for groundwater in Daqing Oilfield is growing, and it’s of great significance to analyze and study the quality and pollution degree of groundwater for groundwater exploitation, utilization and protection. In this paper, groundwater quality of Daqing Oilfield evaluated by Nemerow Index is poor, and most points are Class IV groundwater; When evaluating groundwater pollution by hierarchical ladder method, the results show that the severe and extremely severe pollution points account for 34.48% in shallow phreatic water and 20% in deep confined water, showing that shallow groundwater is more seriously polluted than the deep. The main components influencing the quality of groundwater in the study area are total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl-, SO42- and so on, which are affected by both the native environment and human activities; The main pollution components in groundwater are nitrite and nitrate nitrogen which are affected by human activities. Daqing Oilfield groundwater pollution is characterized by inorganic pollution, while organic components related to human activities contribute less to the groundwater pollution currently.     

鄱阳湖平原地下水重金属含量特征与健康风险评估

鄱阳湖平原作为长江中下游平原的重要组成部分,随着城镇化进程的快速推进,由于工矿业污染物、农村生活污水和农业生产废水向地下水的过量排放,农村地下水污染程度和范围不断扩大,为了解鄱阳湖平原地下水重金属污染状况,本研究在大量的水文地质调查和水化学样品测试基础上,分析该区地下水中重金属Cu、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cd含量特征,利用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的健康风险评价模型对鄱阳湖平原地下水重金属进行健康风险评价。研究区171个地下水样品中Cd、Cu、Hg、As、Pb、Cr等6种重金属元素含量变化幅度大,其中Hg、Cd和As平均值超过《地下水环境质量标准》(GB/T14848—2017)Ⅲ类标准,结果表明鄱阳湖平原地下水水质受人为影响大,局部地下水存在严重的污染。致癌物健康风险评价结果显示,Cr、As和Cd的平均个人年健康风险值均大于可接受风险值,Cr的健康风险值最大,是主要的致癌因子,As次之,Cd最低;非致癌物质健康风险结果显示,Hg、Pb和Cu的健康风险水平表现为Hg>Pb>Cu,属于可忽略风险。区域饮水途径上的健康风险主要来自致癌物质,总体上男性健康风险大于女性的健康风险。鄱阳湖平原地下水水质污染状况研究及治理监管工作提供理论依据,为其他区域地下水重金属的监测和质量控制提供参考和借鉴。     

Quality evaluation of groundwater in the North China Plain

This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development.     

焦作地区浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)污染机理及迁移预测

通过对焦作地区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)污染物分布特征进行调查,分析了研究区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的污染机理,并运用Visual MODFLOW建立地下水流模型及溶质运移模型,模拟预测了浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移规律。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)污染严重,污染源是位于老君庙西南方向的焦作某电厂堆灰场,主要原因是露天堆放的粉煤灰中的铬(Ⅵ)污染物在长期淋滤作用下下渗污染含水层。气候条件、包气带岩性、地下水化学环境以及人为因素等也间接使浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)浓度升高;模拟结果显示在未来的五年时间内,受地形和地下水动力场的影响,浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移方向与地下径流方向一致,沿大沙河水流方向上扩散速度更快,污染区域面积逐渐增大。      

Primary study on evaluation index system for groundwater exploitation potentiality based on the niche theories

This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development.     

治理地下水有机污染抽出处理技术影响因素分析

抽出处理技术是治理地下水有机污染简便易行的方法,文中的简要介绍抽出处理方法去除污染机制之后,着重分析了讨论了导致该方法去除地下水有机污染耗时及运行费用高昂的原因,在此基础上,对地下水有机污染抽出处理技术作出全面详尽的评述。     

山东省黄河下游流域生态地球化学调查主要成果

农业地质环境调查成果表明,山东省黄河下游流域5．4万km^2的土地质量总体状况良好,绝大多数土地是清洁的。调查区内有99．9％的土壤为绿色土壤,可生产无公害小麦、玉米等农产品;一类土壤占92．7％,适宜于发展绿色食品生产;二类土壤占7．2％;三类土壤占0．1％。本次调查发现的重金属严重污染土地集中分布在城市的周边地区。浅层地下水地球化学调查结果表明,区内浅层地下水环境污染状况严重,水质优良的地段主要分布在济宁市区北、平阴周边、长清南、济南市区南部等靠近山前地段,其他平原地区的水环境质量多为较差或极差级（不能饮用）。     

济南泉域岩溶地下水有机污染特征研究

对济南泉域岩溶地下水系统水质进行了系统的采样分析。结果表明,泉域岩溶水已普遍受有机物污染,有机污染物检出率高达93%。检出有机物多于5项的样品多分布于大中型企业附近。在所有检出的有机物中,有机氯农药类、卤代烃类检出率最高,分别达到60%、57.8%。尽管岩溶水有机污染较普遍,但有机物含量较低,仅局部地段存在有机物超标现象。泉域岩溶水有机污染特征受控于工业企业分布及地下水流场,在济南侵入岩体南缘附近形成了近长方形的岩溶水有机污染区,面积达156 km2。污染区南部地带是济南市工业集中区,灰岩浅埋,防污性能差。另外由于地下水径流方向与侵入岩体南缘线近垂直,进入灰岩含水层的有机污染物随地下水径流向北运移,造成埋藏于火成岩体之下的埋藏型岩溶水也受到污染。