班公湖-怒江缝合带西段阿翁错地区中酸性侵入岩的成因及其对区域构造演化的指示

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段出露大量中酸性侵入岩,为特提斯洋俯冲、拉萨地块与羌塘地块碰撞造山过程中岩浆响应的重要组成部分。本文对该缝合带西段阿翁错地区的闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩进行了详细的岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗岩成岩年龄分别为119.3±1.8 Ma、114.7±1.4 Ma和103.2±1.3 Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示中酸性侵入岩属高钾钙碱性系列,具准铝质-弱过铝质I型花岗岩特征;其LREE分馏程度较高,而HREE近于平坦,存在Eu负异常;富集Rb、La等大离子亲石元素和Th、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征。研究结果表明在早白垩世晚期(103.0±1.3 Ma)班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳仍在向北俯冲于南羌塘地块之下,随着俯冲深度增加,大洋板片发生大规模脱水,释放的流体交代地幔楔并引发其部分熔融,产生的幔源岩浆向上运移,与下地壳物质不同比例混合形成了闪长岩和花岗闪长岩;而花岗岩主要由古老下地壳物质部分熔融形成,并有少量地幔物质的参与。     

西藏那曲地区早白垩世A型花岗岩成因及其构造意义

班公湖-怒江缝合带及其两侧广泛分布早白垩世岩浆岩,它们是班公湖-怒江洋俯冲消减及拉萨地块与南羌塘地块碰撞过程的直接响应,为研究特提斯大洋演化、青藏高原早期陆块聚合提供了重要素材。本文报道了班公湖-怒江缝合带中段那曲地区黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于114～113 Ma(早白垩世晚期)。地球化学分析表明,岩石显示出高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列特征,同时具有高的Ga/Al×10000比值(介于2.02～3.15之间,平均为2.61)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(平均为524.87×10^-6)。此外,锆饱和温度和锆石Ti温度计共同指示岩浆形成于高温的环境(>800℃),这些特征与典型的A型花岗岩相一致。黑云母二长花岗岩中锆石具有低的ε_Hf(t)值(10.1～6.4),对应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为1852～1547 Ma,指示其岩浆可能源自安多微陆块中下地壳古老结晶基底的部分熔融。结合区域研究成果,认为那...     

西藏拉萨地块阿翁错北二长花岗岩成因：锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素制约

西藏拉萨地块阿翁错—盐湖岩浆弧的成因是解决班公湖—怒江特提斯洋俯冲极性和时限的关键。本文选取阿翁错北岩体中的二长花岗岩进行岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学与Hf同位素研究。结果表明：阿翁错北二长花岗岩的锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(107.0±0.5) Ma,MSWD＝2.6,属早白垩世晚期。样品表现为高硅、富钾的高钾钙碱性岩石系列,A/CNK值介于1.006～1.019之间,属弱过铝质;微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U、Th及轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具中等至弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.55~0.78）,属弱过铝质未分异的I型花岗岩。二长花岗岩样品锆石初始Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)值除1颗锆石达11.1外,其他17颗锆石介于3.7~6.3之间,平均值5.0,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄变化于928~765 Ma之间。基于同位素以及岩石地球化学数据,阿翁错北岩体很可能是新生地壳熔融产生的长英质岩浆与镁铁质岩浆发生不均一混合作用形成,并有少量幔源物质的参与。结合拉萨地块中北部岩浆岩Hf同位素研究分析,阿翁错—盐湖岩浆弧形成于班公湖—怒江特提斯洋后退式俯冲的构造体制下,阿翁错北岩体的形成时代（107~104 Ma）代表了由断离板片俯冲末期向碰撞环境转化的时限。     

藏北尼玛地区白垩纪岩浆岩对班公湖-怒江缝合带演化的制约

班公湖-怒江缝合带及其两侧广泛分布白垩纪岩浆岩,这些岩浆活动记录了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲至闭合以及拉萨-羌塘板块碰撞过程。为了约束该缝合带在早-晚白垩世的演化过程,本文对缝合带中段尼玛地区花岗岩进行岩相学、地球化学、锆石年代学和Hf同位素研究。尼玛北部虾别错花岗岩侵入到中生代地层中,发育石英闪长质包体。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明寄主花岗岩和包体形成于早白垩世(122Ma和121Ma)。这些锆石均具有正的ε_Hf(t)值,分别为+2.4~+7.0和+3.0~+5.1。寄主花岗岩具有高硅和高钾钙碱性特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质系列。包体相对低硅,属于中钾钙碱性准铝质系列。寄主花岗岩和包体具有相似的微量元素分布,如均亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,富集Th、U和Pb。综合分析,虾别错寄主花岗岩和包体是壳幔熔体混合作用的产物。尼玛南部张乃错花岗岩侵入到古生代地层里。锆石U-Pb年龄为97Ma,形成于晚白垩世。锆石ε_Hf(t)值在+2.2~+6.0之间。张乃错花岗岩具有高硅特征,属于高钾钙碱性弱过铝质系列。岩体显著亏损Ba、Sr、Ti和Eu,富集Rb、Th、U和Pb等元素。该花岗岩来源于新生地壳部分熔融,并在后期经历结晶分异。结合区域地质概况,虾别错早白垩世花岗岩(和包体)形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋闭合过程,而张乃错晚白垩世花岗岩形成于洋盆闭合之后拉萨-羌塘板块碰撞背景。尼玛地区早-晚白垩世岩浆活动记录了班公湖-怒江缝合带从洋盆闭合到拉萨-羌塘板块挤压碰撞的演变过程。     

滇西粱河勐养花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

勐养侵入岩体位于滇西腾冲地块梁河县南勐养镇一带,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体。闪长岩包体与寄主岩石黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩之间呈渐变过渡关系。锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS定年表明,黑云母二长花岗岩形成年龄为127.7Ma±0.7Ma,花岗闪长岩形成年龄为115.2Ma±1.1Ma。闪长岩包体形成年龄为122.6Ma±0.8 Ma。表明该花岗岩体的形成时代属于早白垩世。地球化学特征研究表明,闪长岩包体为准铝质、钙碱性系列,具有低SiO2、高MgO、高K20和Mg#的特征。Sm/Nd为0.18～0.20,ΣLREE/ΣHREE=2.91～4.64,Eu存在弱到中等程度的负异常。相对富集U,Th,Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Tb,Nb,Zr,Hf等高场强元素(HFSE);反映勐养闪长岩包体岩浆成分主要为幔源的特点。根据地球化学特征和微量元素构造判别图解判别结果表明,勐养早白垩世侵入岩形成于碰撞后岩浆弧环境。闪长岩包体的原生岩浆应是地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物。黑云二长花岗岩浆可能来源于本区中晚元古代高黎贡山群为代表的地壳物质的部分熔融。花岗闪长岩为幔源岩浆与高黎贡山群古老地壳部分熔融的岩浆混合的产物。腾冲地块早白垩世侵入岩与班公湖—怒江—泸水—瑞丽洋盆的闭合、洋壳向南西俯冲及板块间的碰撞造山作用密切相关。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带美日切错组中酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素、岩石成因及其构造意义

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带是我国重要的斑岩铜金矿成矿带,成矿地质条件极为优越。多龙矿集区是班公湖-怒江缝合带西段典型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜(金)超大型矿床,区内广泛分布着美日切错组喷溢相火山岩,但其岩石成因、源区属性、形成年代及地球化学动力学背景尚不明确。本文对美日切错组安山岩及流纹岩进行锆石U-Pb测年,获得结晶年龄分别为108.2±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.39)和109.3±2.2Ma(MSWD=1.70)。矿区安山岩及流纹岩具高硅(SiO2=60.89%~72.00%)、富钾(K2O=3.08%~5.53%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=6.88%~8.96%)、准铝质-过铝质(A/CNK=0.92~1.28)特征,属于高钾钙碱性及钾玄岩系列岩石。其明显均富集轻稀土(LREE)及大离子亲石元素(LILE:Th、U、K、Pb及Rb),亏损重稀土(HREE)及高场强元素(HFSE:Ta、Nb、Ti及Zr),稀土总量(ΣREE)为141.52×10-6~236.05×10-6之间,LaN/YbN为10.42~11.05,δEu为0.65~0.80,具有中等负铕异常,显示出典型岛弧岩浆岩的特征。(87 Sr/86 Sr)i值为0.7050~0.7053,(143 Nd/144 Nd)i为0.5124~0.5126,εNd(t)值为-1.51~1.29,具有高Sr低Nd的特征。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,流纹岩εHf(t)为+11.6~+15.5,平均值为+13.8,两阶段模式年龄平均值为288.0Ma;安山岩εHf(t)为+3.4~+8.0,平均值为+4.8,两阶段模式年龄平均值为813.1Ma;表现出明显的幔源特征。综合研究表明,美日切错组火山岩为班公湖-怒江新特斯洋洋壳向北的俯冲背景下,由俯冲板片脱水产生流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融形成原始玄武质岩浆,并在上升后,滞留在壳幔边界形成新生下地壳,新生下地壳与持续底侵幔源玄武质岩浆混合而部分熔融形成。其形成于典型岛弧的构造背景下,暗示班公湖-怒江洋在早白垩世晚期(108~109Ma)仍正在向北俯冲于羌塘地块之下,可能尚未关闭。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东巧地区早白垩世岩浆作用——对大洋演化和地壳增厚的指示

对班公湖-怒江缝合带内的岩浆作用进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和地球化学分析,在辉绿岩中获得138.7±1.0Ma的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值,在流纹岩中获得了110.4±0.4Ma的谐和年龄,表明区内岩浆作用具有2期成因。地球化学研究认为,辉绿岩是地幔熔融的产物,花岗闪长岩为岩石圈地幔熔融的产物,而流纹岩显示2类不同的岩石地球化学特征,低Sr流纹岩为古老岩石圈地幔熔体经历分离结晶作用的产物,高Sr流纹岩具有埃达克岩的特征,为增厚下地壳熔融的产物。综合已有的研究,早白垩世岩浆作用在缝合带两侧均有展布,其中早期岩浆岩为班公湖-怒江洋双向俯冲的产物,末期岩浆岩是碰撞后俯冲洋壳前缘断离形成的。早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋经历了双向俯冲到大洋闭合的演化过程,并在早白垩世末期发生了俯冲洋壳的断离事件。同时,高Sr流纹岩的发现表明,早白垩世末期班公湖-怒江缝合带已经发生了明显的地壳增厚作用。     

西藏尼雄铁矿成矿花岗岩成因及其对成矿构造背景的启示

本文分析了西藏尼雄铁矿与成矿有关花岗闪长岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征,并做了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄测定。岩石地球化学分析结果显示样品为亚铝质中钾–高钾钙碱性岩系列,属I-型花岗岩。地球化学组成上其富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Sr、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti,具有典型的岛弧岩浆作用的特征;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解表现为富集轻稀土的右倾型式(LREE/HREE=5.67~8.37),无Eu异常,显示活动大陆边缘岩浆岩的稀土配分特征。岩体ISr为0.707625~0.710997,εNd(t)为–6.6~–8.7,206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.786~18.955、15.694~15.726、39.355~39.676,显示出富集地幔特征(EMⅡ),表明地壳组分对岩浆生成有重要影响。所测岩体的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为112.09±0.54 Ma(MSWD=0.45),表明尼雄花岗岩体形成于早白垩世晚期。综合分析班公湖–怒江中特提斯洋和雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋的演化历史,作者认为尼雄铁矿是早白垩世雅鲁藏布江洋壳板块向北侧拉萨地块之下俯冲的构造背景下的产物。而成矿岩体主要是俯冲组分(流体和熔融)对地幔楔交代改造的结果,是地幔岩浆底侵引起下地壳物质部分熔融,两种岩浆混合而形成的。     

保山地块北部晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及其构造指示：全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素制约

滇西保山地块晚白垩世-古近纪岩浆活动代表了新特提斯演化阶段的一次重要岩浆事件,其岩浆岩成因、源区属性及地球动力学背景尚不明确。本文对出露于保山地块北部漕涧地区的花岗岩类进行了全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究。2件样品锆石U-Pb年龄结果分别为73.32±0.19Ma(MSWD=0.68)和73.44±0.20Ma(MSWD=1.3)。岩体具有高硅(SiO2=73.76%~74.74%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.14%~8.62%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.15~1.23)特征,在SiO2-K2O岩石判别图解上属钾玄岩系列;明显富集Rb、U及Th等大离子亲石元素和Pb,相对亏损Nb、Ta及Ti等高场强元素;具有强烈的轻重稀土分馏(LREE/HREE=8.5~15.1),球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现出明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.29~0.43)特征。锆石εHf(t)值十分集中(-5.0~-3.5),对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄tC DM为1352~1496Ma。这些地化特征和Hf同位素组成综合表明槽涧岩体属于晚白垩世S型花岗岩,其可能来源于保山地块中元古代地壳基底的深熔作用,物质来源为富黏土的泥质岩。构造环境判别图解中样品均落入同碰撞花岗岩区域。综合研究表明,保山地块发育有85~83Ma、~73Ma和66~60Ma三期过铝质花岗岩类,预示该地区在晚白垩世-古新世存在持续的地壳伸展减压作用。基于区域大地构造背景,本文提出了如下岩浆岩形成构造演化过程:(1)早白垩世中特提斯洋的闭合导致保山地块西侧地壳增厚;(2)晚白垩世新特提斯洋板片北东向俯冲过程中可能发生过海沟回撤作用,导致先存加厚地壳发生减压熔融,岩浆上侵形成漕涧岩体。综合对比西藏冈底斯岩浆带和腾冲地块同一时代花岗岩锆石Hf同位素数据,表明保山地块基底属性明显不同于腾冲地块和拉萨地块南部。     

大兴安岭十八站—韩家园地区晚中生代火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

大兴安岭十八站—韩家园地区发育晚中生代基性-中酸性火山岩。选取粗面安山岩、粗面岩、流纹岩进行年代学和岩石地球化学研究。粗面安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为125.2±0.9 Ma,为早白垩世火山作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征表明,中酸性火山岩属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列。岩石稀土元素总量∑REE=121.42×10~(-6)~154.43×10~(-6),轻、重稀土元素分异明显(La/Yb)_N=19.25~31.98,在稀土元素配分图上显示右倾型,除一个流纹岩样品具显著负Eu异常外,多数样品无明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.45~0.90)。岩石具弱富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti的特征。结合区域资料,认为十八站—韩家园地区早白垩世中酸性火山岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合机制下后碰撞伸展背景。粗面安山岩、粗面岩和流纹岩系同源岩浆部分熔融与结晶分异作用的结果,岩浆来源于受俯冲流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。     

Early Cretaceous Magma Mingling in Xiaocuo, Southeastern China Continental Margin: Implications for Subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate

Magma mingling has been identified within the continental margin of southeastern China.This study focuses on the relationship between mafic and felsic igneous rocks in composite dikes and plutons in this area,and uses this relationship to examine the tectonic and geodynamic implications of the mingling of mafic and felsic magmas.Mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs) show complex relationships with the hosting Xiaocuo granite in Fujian area,including lenticular to rounded porphyritic microgranular enclaves containing abundant felsic/mafic phenocrysts,elongate mafic enclaves,and back-veining of the felsic host granite into mafic enclaves.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses show crystallization of the granite and dioritic mafic magmatic enclave during ca.132 and 116 Ma.The host granite and MMEs both show zircon growth during repeated thermal events at-210 Ma and 160-180 Ma.Samples from the magma mingling zone generally contain felsic-derived zircons with well-developed growth zoning and aspect ratios of 2-3,and maficderived zircons with no obvious oscillatory zoning and with higher aspect ratios of 5-10.However,these two groups of zircons show no obvious trace element or age differences.The Hf-isotope compositions show that the host granite and MMEs have similar ε_(Hf)(t) values from negative to positive which suggest a mixed source from partial melting of the Meso-Neoproterozoic with involvement of enriched mantlederived magmas or juvenile components.The lithologies,mineral associations,and geochemical characteristics of the mafic and felsic rocks in this study area indicate that both were intruded together,suggesting Early Cretaceous mantle—crustal interactions along the southeastern China continental margin.The Early Cretaceous magma mingling is correlated to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.     

Geochemistry, Nd Isotopic Characteristics of Metamorphic Complexes in Northern Hebei： Implications for Crustal Accretion

The middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton （NCC） consists mainly of metamorphosed Archean Dantazi Complex, Paleoproterozoic Hongqiyingzi Complex and unmetamorphosed gabbro-anorthosite-meta-alkaline granite, as well as metamorphosed Late Paleozoic mafic to granitoid rocks in the Damiao-Changshaoying area. The -2.49 Ga Dantazi Complex comprises dioritic-trondhjemitic-granodoritic-monzogranitic gneisses metamorphosed in amphibolite to granulite facies. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that most of the rocks belong to a medium- to high-potassium calc-alkaline series, and display Mg^# less than 40, right-declined REE patterns with no to obviously positive Eu anomalies, evidently negative Th, Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies in primitive mantlenormalized spider diagrams, εNd（t）=＋0.65 to -0.03, and depleted mantle model ages TDM=2.78-2.71 Ga. Study in petrogenesis indicates that the rocks were formed from magmatic mixing between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and granitoid magma from partial melting of recycled crustal mafic rocks in a continental margin setting. The 2.44-2.41 Ga Hongqiyingzi Complex is dominated by metamorphic mafic-granodioritic-monzogranitic gneisses, displaying similar petrochemical features to the Dantazi Complex, namely medium to high potassium calc-alkaline series, and the mafic rocks show evident change in LILEs, negative Th, Nb, Ta, Zr anomalies and positive P anomalies. And the other granitiod samples also exhibit negative Th, Nb, Ta, P and Ti anomalies. All rocks in the Hongqiyingzi Complex show right-declined REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The metamorphic mafic rocks with εNd（t） = -1.64 may not be an identical magmatic evolution series with granitoids that have εNd（t） values of ＋3.19 to ＋1.94 and TDM ages of 2.55-2.52 Ga. These granitic rocks originated from hybrid between mafic magma from the depleted mantle and magma from partial melting of juvenile crustal mafic rocks in an island arc setting. All the -311 Ma Late Paleozoic metamorphic mafic rocks and related granitic rocks show a medium-potassium calc-alkaline magmatic evolution series, characterized by high Mg^#, obviously negative Th, Nb, Ta anomalies and positive Sr anomalies, from no to strongly negative Ti anomalies and flat REE patterns with εNd（t） = ＋8.42, implying that the maflc magma was derived from the depleted mantle. However the other granitic rocks are characterized by right-declined REE patterns with no to evidently positive Eu anomalies, significantly low εNd（t） = -13.37 to -14.04, and TDM=1.97-1.96 Ga, revealing that the granitoid magma was derived from hybrid between maflc magma that came from -311 Ma depleted mantle and granitoid magma from Archean to Early Paleoproterozoic ancient crustal recycling. The geochemistry and Nd isotopic characteristics as well as the above geological and geochronological results indicate that the middle segment of the northern margin of the NCC mainly experienced four crustal growth episodes from Archean to Late Paleozoic, which were dominated by three continental marginal arc accretions （-2.49, -2.44 and 311 Ma）, except the 1.76-1.68 Ga episode related to post-collisional extension, revealing that the crustal accretion of this segment was chiefly generated from arc accretion and amalgamation to the NCC continental block.     

Two stages of granite formation in the Sredinny Range, Kamchatka: Tectonic and geodynamic setting of granitic rocks

The newly formed continental crust in southern Kamchatka was created as a result of the Eocene collision of the Cretaceous-Paleocene Achaivayam-Valagin island arc and the northeastern Asian margin. Widespread migmatization and granite formation accompanied this process in the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. The tectonic setting and composition of granitic rocks in the Malka Uplift of the Sredinny Range are characterized in detail, and the U-Pb (SHRIMP) zircon ages are discussed. Two main stages of granite formation—Campanian (80–78 Ma ago) and Eocene (52 ± 2 Ma ago) have been established. It may be suggested that granite formation in the Campanian was related to the partial melting of the accretionary wedge due to its under-plating by mafic material or to plunging of the oceanic ridge beneath the accretionary wedge. The Eocene granitic rocks were formed owing to the collision of the Achaivayam-Valagin ensimatic island arc with the Kamchatka margin of Eurasia. In southern Kamchatka (Malka Uplift of the Sredinny Range), the arc-continent collision started 55–53 Ma ago. As a result, the island-arc complexes were thrust over terrigenous sequences of the continental margin. The thickness of the allochthon was sufficient to plunge the autochthon to a considerable depth. The autochthon and the lower portion of the allochthon underwent high-grade metamorphism followed by partial melting and emplacement of granitic magma 52 ± 2 Ma ago. The anomalously rapid heating of the crust was probably caused by the ascent of asthenospheric magma initiated by slab breakoff, while the Eurasian Plate plunged beneath the Achaivayam-Valagin arc.     

西藏措勤麦嘎岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素:对中部拉萨地块早白垩世花岗岩类岩石成因的约束

西藏中部拉萨地块大规模早白垩世花岗岩类的岩浆源区和岩石成因迄今尚未得到很好约束,对这些问题的深入理解将有助于揭示拉萨地块白垩纪时期的岩浆作用过程及成矿背景。本文报道了中部拉萨地块代表性花岗岩基——措勤麦嘎岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩元素地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素数据。本文锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,麦嘎岩基花岗质岩主要侵位于122±1Ma和113±2Ma,闪长质包体与后者同期(113±2Ma)。122±1Ma花岗质岩属I型弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,(87Sr/86Sr)i值高(0.7147),全岩εNd(t)(-12.0)和锆石εHf(t)(-15.7～-11.1)为较大的负值,表明其很可能来源于古老下地壳物质的重熔。113±2Ma寄主花岗质岩为I型偏铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,相对于122±1Ma花岗质岩石,其(87Sr/86Sr)i比值偏低(0.7094～0.7156)、全岩εNd(t)值(-12.1～-7.3)和锆石εHf(t)值(-11.1～0.1)较高,很可能来源于古老下地壳物质的部分熔融,并含有更多幔源物质。闪长质包体(113±2Ma)为偏铝质中-高钾钙碱性系列,以变化范围大的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.7058～0.7105)、负的全岩εNd(t)值(-10.7～-9.8)及负的锆石εHf(t)值(-14.0～-5.6)为特征,可能是古老富集岩石圈地幔物质部分熔融的产物或亏损地幔物质经历强烈地壳混染作用的结果。在目前已有资料条件下(缺乏同期基性岩石的相关数据),本文暂将麦嘎岩基113±2Ma寄主花岗质岩及同期闪长质包体解释为镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆发生不同程度岩浆混合作用的产物,这一解释可能对中部拉萨地块同期花岗类的岩石成因具普遍意义。麦嘎岩基及中部拉萨地块同期岩浆岩约113Ma幔源物质增加现象,可能是南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈板片断离的结果。     

Zircon U-Pb ages,geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotope ratios for early cretaceous magmatic rocks,southern Saqqez,northwestern Iran

Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SaSZ) is one of the most dynamic structural zones of Iran, which is divided into three main parts: Northern, Central and Southern. The northern SaSZ has been affected by deformation due to fault activities near the Zagros suture zone, and mylonitic structures have overprinted these rocks and was affected by three episodes of magma injection during the Permian-Carboniferous, Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic. In this study, the rock units investigated that have been considered Precambrian-Paleozoic basement on geological maps. This paper considers zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock chemistry and Sr-Nd isotope ratios of Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the N-SaSZ to develop a new geodynamic model for the evolution of these magmatic rocks. The new zircon U-Pb ages obtained in this study show that the magmatic rocks crystallized at 115–107 Ma in the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) and are much younger than the supposed ages presented on geological maps. This complex classified into two main groups of basic-intermediate and acidic rocks based on SiO₂ contents. The whole-rock chemistry of the basaltic and andesitic rocks, which are interbedded with marine shallow-water sedimentary deposits, shows their typical calc-alkaline affinity and subordinate tholeiitic series on an active margin. The positive ε_Nd(t) of approximately +4 for some undifferentiated basalts with negative Ti and Nb anomalies shows the relation of these rocks to calc-alkaline magmatism and was generated by the partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Granitoid rocks with some affinity to the peraluminous group with a negative ε_Nd(t) value (-3.2) mainly and negative Ti and Nb anomalies plot in an active margin tectonic setting. Simultaneous mafic calc-alkaline volcanism and the generation of granitic intrusions in the Early Cretaceous could have occurred on an active margin. Due to the absence of Jurassic arc related magmatic rocks in northern SaSZ and presence of Cretaceous calc alkaline magmatic activity, which are not observed in the central SaSZ, support the idea that the subduction of the Neotethys beneath the northern SaSZ started in the Early Cretaceous.     

长乐-南澳构造带燕山期(J-K)TTG岩石组合及其地质意义

长乐-南澳构造带火成岩类多年来备受国内外地学界关注和瞩目,但对其构造环境的认识却存在较大分歧.本文通过分析构造带燕山期(J-K)火成岩类的时空分布、岩石学特征及其TTG岩石组合等,讨论厘定构造带的构造性质与岩浆源区.据构造带花岗岩类岩石结构构造特征、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb与LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年,测年结果集中分布于200~191Ma、155~97Ma与84~69Ma三个区间,暗示构造带燕山期(J-K)岩浆活动可以划分为三个阶段:(1)早侏罗世(J₁),以片麻岩类与糜棱岩类为主;(2)晚侏罗世-早白垩世(J₃-K₁),片麻状花岗岩类占优势;(3)晚白垩世(K₂),出现大量的晶洞花岗岩类与脉岩类.采用O'Connor An-Ab-Or标准矿物分类方案识别TTG岩石组合获知,早侏罗世(J₁)与晚侏罗世-早白垩世(J₃-K₁)时,构造带存在TTG岩石组合;晚白垩世(K₂)时,构造带TTG岩石组合消失,发育典型的双峰式火成岩.TTG岩石组合以钙性(C)和中钾钙碱性(MKCA)为主,显示奥长花岗岩演化趋势(Tdj),具大陆边缘弧花岗岩(CAG)的特征,由此可推断长乐-南澳构造带燕山期(J-K)构造性质为主动大陆边缘弧.构造带发育两类成因机制的TTG岩石组合,分别来自不同的岩浆源区:具镁安山质(MA)性质的TTG岩浆来源于玄武质洋壳的脱水融熔,具正常安山质(A)性质的TTG岩浆来源于陆壳底部玄武质岩石的局部熔融.     

Late Triassic Granites From the Quxu Batholith Shedding a New Light on the Evolution of the Gangdese Belt in Southern Tibet

The Gangdese magmatic belt formed during Late Triassic to Neogene in the southernmost Lhasa terrane of the Tibetan plateau. It is interpreted as a major component of a continental margin related to the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab beneath Eurasia and it is the key in understanding the tectonic framework of southern Tibet prior to the India-Eurasia collision. It is widely accepted that northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust formed the Gangdese magmatic belt, but the occurrence of Late Triassic magmatism and the detailed tectonic evolution of southern Tibet are still debated. This work presents new zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope data and whole-rock geochemical compositions of a mylonitic granite pluton in the central Gangdese belt, southern Tibet. Zircon U-Pb dating from two representative samples yields consistent ages of 225.3±1.8 Ma and 229.9±1.5 Ma, respectively, indicating that the granite pluton was formed during the early phase of Late Triassic instead of Early Eocene(47–52 Ma) as previously suggested. Geochemically, the mylonitic granite pluton has a sub-alkaline composition and low-medium K calc-alkaline affinities and it can be defined as an I-type granite with metaluminous features(A/CNK1.1). The analyzed samples are characterized by strong enrichments of LREE and pronounced depletions of Nb, Ta and Ti, suggesting that the granite was generated in an island-arc setting. However, the use of tectonic discrimination diagrams indicates a continental arc setting. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopes indicate that the granite has highly positive εHf(t) values ranging from +13.91 to +15.54(mean value +14.79), reflecting the input of depleted mantle material during its magmatic evolution, consistent with Mg~# numbers. Additionally, the studied samples also reveal relatively young Hf two-stage model ages ranging from 238 Ma to 342 Ma(mean value 292 Ma), suggesting that the pluton was derived from partial melting of juvenile crust. Geochemical discrimination diagrams also suggest that the granite was derived from partial melting of the mafic lower crust. Taking into account both the spatial and temporal distribution of the mylonitic granite, its geochemical fingerprints as well as previous studies, we propose that the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab beneath the Lhasa terrane had already commenced in Late Triassic(~230 Ma), and that the Late Triassic magmatic events were formed in an active continental margin that subsequently evolved into the numerous subterranes, paleo-island-arcs and multiple collision phases that form the present southern Tibet.     

拉萨地体南部早侏罗世岩浆岩的成因和构造意义

本文从拉萨地体南部原来被认为是前寒武纪变质基底的冈底斯岩群中厘定出了一套早侏罗世的岩浆岩.锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,这些岩浆岩侵位于202～ 180Ma.岩石类型包括辉长闪长岩、二长岩和花岗闪长岩,是一套中酸性、偏铝质钙碱性、Ⅰ型花岗岩类.微量元素表现出消减带富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,并具有岛弧花岗岩的亲缘性.锆石Hf同位素研究表明,加查地区中酸性岩石来自新生地壳物质的熔融,偏基性岩石来自于亏损地幔.而桑日地区的酸性岩石来自于古老地壳物质的重熔.本文认为包括研究区在内的南拉萨地体中的晚三叠世-早侏罗世岩浆岩为俯冲到南拉萨地体之下的松多洋壳断离或回卷,软流圈地幔上涌,地幔楔熔融并加热上覆地壳的产物.