促进老矿区内预测性找矿发现的知识创新

老矿区强烈的干扰背景及未发现矿床的大埋深等特殊困难制约了这些地区的预测性找矿发现,促进其预测性找矿发现的关键战略是知识创新,包括：成矿理论和勘查模型的创新、勘查技术的创新和信息的综合集成的处理的创新。     

隐伏矿勘查经验与启示——从《信息找矿战略与勘查百例》谈起

以大型隐伏矿床的发现历史为依据,系统地总结了隐伏矿勘查的经验与策略,并从矿产勘查哲学的角度进行了深入的思考。针对拟寻矿床的地质特征。抓住深部关键的地质因素,查明地球物理和地球化学特征与它们的对应关系,把地球物理和地球化学判据转化成找矿标志,是提高隐伏矿找矿效率的关键。成矿作用的分带现象是一个普遍的规律,对于指导隐伏矿预测和矿床深部勘探具有重要的意义。直接信息是矿产勘查最可靠的信息。直接信息和间接信息并不是以学科划分的,在一定的条件下和一定的研究程度上两者可以转化。以直接信息为先导,实现从区域到局部的转变,使找矿迅速突破。必须充分重视各类方法的应用条件与前提。重视各种直接信息的挖掘与印证,加强各类方法的集成与综合。对于一个重要的成矿区（带）来说,随着地质研究与找矿工作的深入,需要不断地修订和调整勘查准则。矿产勘查投资是一种高风险、高效益的投资,是一项创造性很强的实践．集调查与研究于一体。矿产勘查不以研究“水平”论高低,而以“成败”论英雄;要看勘查的实效,而非理论的高深;要看是否见矿,而非勘查过程的简繁。经验与理论、科学与技术的交叉与融合是通向矿产勘查的成功之路。     

论铜陵地区铜工业持续发展的资源勘查战略

铜陵及其邻区的深部找矿仍然存在巨大的找矿潜力，找矿勘查难度主要表现在隐伏矿床的埋藏深度大、深部构造格架及成矿过程等找矿信息不足。要实现找矿勘查的高效增储，维持这一地区铜工业持续发展的战略，就必须对深部构造和成矿过程进行研究。通过发展找矿信息探测技术和钻探技术，提高矿床预测的准确度，使投资决策更快速、准确。     

隐伏矿勘查经验与启示 ——从《信息找矿战略与勘查百例》谈起

以大型隐伏矿床的发现历史为依据,系统地总结了隐伏矿勘查的经验与策略,并从矿产勘查哲学的角度进行了深入的思考。针对拟寻矿床的地质特征。抓住深部关键的地质因素,查明地球物理和地球化学特征与它们的对应关系,把地球物理和地球化学判据转化成找矿标志,是提高隐伏矿找矿效率的关键。成矿作用的分带现象是一个普遍的规律,对于指导隐伏矿预测和矿床深部勘探具有重要的意义。直接信息是矿产勘查最可靠的信息。直接信息和间接信息并不是以学科划分的,在一定的条件下和一定的研究程度上两者可以转化。以直接信息为先导,实现从区域到局部的转变,使找矿迅速突破。必须充分重视各类方法的应用条件与前提。重视各种直接信息的挖掘与印证,加强各类方法的集成与综合。对于一个重要的成矿区（带）来说,随着地质研究与找矿工作的深入,需要不断地修订和调整勘查准则。矿产勘查投资是一种高风险、高效益的投资,是一项创造性很强的实践．集调查与研究于一体。矿产勘查不以研究“水平”论高低,而以“成败”论英雄;要看勘查的实效,而非理论的高深;要看是否见矿,而非勘查过程的简繁。经验与理论、科学与技术的交叉与融合是通向矿产勘查的成功之路。     

河北省大河南矿集区地质特征及找矿

大河南矿集区处于太行山深断裂带（岩石圈断裂）上。有铅锌、金、金银三个远景区，具有形成超大型矿床的地质条件，显示了超大型矿床的资源前景。矿化受深断裂带及其两侧次级裂隙和各种薄弱面控制，与隐伏岩枝、岩脉群、碳酸盐地层、变质地层相关，显示地球化学异常。进一步找矿方向：1）在重要地段勘查深部资源；2）沿岩体接触带找新区。“大调查”工作突破点是：加强勘查力度；加大勘查深度。     

论找矿勘查的风险性和降低风险的预测性勘查战略

找矿勘查的高风险性表现在找到可赢利矿床的成功率低和找矿发现的成本越来越高,这不仅影响了矿业经济的发展,也影响了公众对地球科学的认识.根据国际找矿勘查的一些统计资料和实例分析了造成找矿勘查高风险性的原因,提出降低风险的预测性勘查战略.区域地质背景、成矿作用的复杂性和勘查者所具有的知识、思维能力、技术手段的局限性等客观因素使找矿勘查的风险不可避免,但不少找矿勘查的失败是由勘查者在资料使用、观察、思维等方面的主观失误造成的.勘查者可以通过增加尝试的次数来获取成功,更可取的是通过提高矿床预测的准确度,以预测性勘查促找矿发现,进而降低找矿勘查的风险.     

论找矿勘查的风险性和降低风险的预测性勘查战略

找矿勘查的高风险性表现在找到可赢利矿床的成功率低和找矿发现的成本越来越高,这不仅影响了矿业经济的发展,也影响了公众对地球科学的认识。根据国际找矿勘查的一些统计资料和实例分析了造成找矿勘查高风险性的原因,提出降低风险的预测性勘查战略。区域地质背景、成矿作用的复杂性和勘查者所具有的知识、思维能力、技术手段的局限性等客观因素使找矿勘查的风险不可避免,但不少找矿勘查的失败是由勘查者在资料使用、观察、思维等方面的主观失误造成的。勘查者可以通过增加尝试的次数来获取成功,更可取的是通过提高矿床预测的准确度,以预测性勘查促找矿发现,进而降低找矿勘查的风险。     

论找矿勘查的风险性和降低风险的预测性勘查战略

找矿勘查的高风险性表现在找到可赢利矿床的成功率低和找矿发现的成本越来越高,这不仅影响了矿业经济的发展,也影响了公众对地球科学的认识。根据国际找矿勘查的一些统计资料和实例分析了造成找矿勘查高风险性的原因,提出降低风险的预测性勘查战略。区域地质背景、成矿作用的复杂性和勘查者所具有的知识、思维能力、技术手段的局限性等客观因素使找矿勘查的风险不可避免,但不少找矿勘查的失败是由勘查者在资料使用、观察、思维等方面的主观失误造成的。勘查者可以通过增加尝试的次数来荻取成功,更可取的是通过提高矿床预测的准确度,以预测性勘查促找矿发现,进而降低找矿勘查的风险。     

河北省大河南矿集区地质特征及找矿

大河南矿集区处于太行山深断裂带(岩石圈断裂)上.有铅锌、金、金银三个远景区,具有形成超大型矿床的地质条件,显示了超大型矿床的资源前景.矿化受深断裂带及其两侧次级裂隙和各种薄弱面控制.与隐伏岩枝、岩脉群、碳酸盐地层、变质地层相关,显示地球化学异常.进一步找矿方向：1) 在重要地段勘查深部资源；2)沿岩体接触带找新区.“大调查”工作突破点是：加强勘查力度；加大勘查深度.     

河北省大河南矿集区地质特征及找矿

大河南矿集区处于太行山深断裂带(岩石圈断裂)上.有铅锌、金、金银三个远景区,具有形成超大型矿床的地质条件,显示了超大型矿床的资源前景.矿化受深断裂带及其两侧次级裂隙和各种薄弱面控制.与隐伏岩枝、岩脉群、碳酸盐地层、变质地层相关,显示地球化学异常.进一步找矿方向1) 在重要地段勘查深部资源；2)沿岩体接触带找新区.“大调查”工作突破点是加强勘查力度；加大勘查深度.     

超大型矿床成矿背景-过程-勘查三位一体的找矿理念

超大型矿床是某一(或某些)矿种资源的巨大储库。据统计,全球矿产资源70%~85%的勘探储量集中分布于占全球矿床数10%的超大型矿床。由此可见发现超大型矿床对一个国家经济与社会发展的极端重要性。超大型矿床成矿背景是其形成的基础,成矿过程是其成矿的关键,勘查评价是其发现的根本途径。文章试图从成矿背景、成矿过程与勘查评价相互关联的角度探索超大型矿床“三位一体”的找矿理念。对于隐伏的和新类型超大型矿床,集“成矿背景、过程与勘查评价”于一体的找矿理念是矿产勘查成功的关键。我们根据地球成矿动力学理论,将地壳结构复杂的地质异常区域(如板块边界)定义为找矿可行地段;在找矿可行地段内,根据成矿系统理论,将成矿关键要素(源、运、储、盖)发育的地段定义为找矿有利地段;在找矿有利地段内,根据成矿系列理论,将可能出现矿床共生组合的地段定义为找矿远景地段。根据自组织成矿系统理论,一个矿集区内,矿床规模-频率幂律分布,奠定了多尺度聚焦找矿的理论基础。地质矿化单一信息的多解性和不确定性奠定应用综合致矿信息找矿的理论基础。基于成矿系统和综合致矿信息数字找矿模型的矿产勘查是从成矿的因果关系(本质)和矿床与诸控矿因素的相关关系(现象)两个方面确定可能矿化地段的最有效方法。超大型矿床找寻上升至综合地学学科水平,应视为一种科学的探索,这种探索综合来自地学各相关领域致矿信息,然后将从这些信息中获取的关键成矿过程和参数转换为找矿的空间数据信息,根据选靶模型识别并确认这些空间数据信息的存在,最后在全球、成矿省和矿化集中区尺度上圈定能够定量排序的超大型矿床的找矿远景区(靶区)。集“成矿背景、过程与勘查评价”于一体的找矿理念应为未来的超大型矿床勘查奠定理论和方法学基础,为应用直接探测技术和方法探测矿床提供合理的工程勘查方案。     

全国整装勘查区成矿系统研究与矿产勘查新进展

全国先后共设置了141个整装勘查区,分布在26个重点成矿区带,位于古亚洲、滨太平洋、特提斯三大成矿域。整装勘查区成矿条件优越,矿产资源丰富,矿床类型复杂多样。运用成矿系统理论,对全国典型整装勘查区开展了研究与梳理,按构造动力体制划分出3类成矿系统,按照成矿机制划分出4类成矿系统,并划分（厘定）出24个成矿系统亚系统。根据上述成矿系统研究成果,重新划分出14个成矿系列、34个矿床式,建立了典型矿床的结构模型,在此基础上构建了15个成矿系统空间结构模型。归纳总结整装勘查区成矿系统,建立成矿系统空间结构模型,运用缺位找矿思维,调整整装勘查区区域矿产勘查工作部署,开展新矿种、新类型、新区域、新层位勘查找矿,取得了重要进展与成果,丰富了成矿系统和勘查区找矿预测理论。     

小秦岭金矿带潼峪矿集区金的成矿规律与找矿预测

在调查分析的基础上,结合变质核杂岩构造特征,研究了小秦岭金矿带潼峪矿集区金的成矿规律与控矿因素,指出潼峪矿集区金矿床的成矿物质来自太华群,并受晚期岩浆和构造的控制,尤其是变质核杂岩构造系统及其剥离(滑脱)构造控矿特征非常明显。综合研究认为,区内佛头崖-狮子包地段、东交沟—佛头崖一带、岳王庙-王排沟地区与复背斜倾伏端是重要的找矿靶区,值得进一步深入工作,并可为老矿区找矿提供示范。这对在老矿区深部寻找金矿,把小秦岭西段的深部找矿工作推向新阶段,实现找矿突破,具有重要的现实意义。     

新疆谢米斯台成矿带火山岩型铀矿预测

谢米斯台成矿带是中国新疆北部重要的铀多金属成矿带,铀矿勘查突破令人期待。文章通过对典型铀矿床观察研究,建立了火山岩型铀成矿预测模型,在GIS平台系统提取了赋矿地层、含矿围岩、控矿构造、航磁推断隐伏岩体及断裂构造、U-Be元素组合异常、铀矿床和矿化点等各类成矿、找矿信息,采用MRAS系统中的特征分析模块进行铀矿产定位预测。按照后验概率大小划分了三级有利成矿远景区,其中A级包括赛力克、白杨河和七一工区3个远景区,显示出较大的铀成矿找矿潜力,在今后的找矿勘查中应给予充分重视。     

KEY ROLE OF METALLOGENIC THEORY OF POLYGENETIC COMPOUND ORE DEPOSITS IN LOCATION PREDICTION OF HIDDEN ORE DEPOSITS IN DIWA REGIONS

The metallogenic theory of polygenetic compound ore deposit is the Important basis for location prediction of hidden ore deposits in diwa regions.It can play an important role in each step of prediction research,targeting procedure,acquiring information and integrating information.In this paper,the authors discusses how to construct geological concept by using of the metallogenic theory of polygenetic ore deposits for predicting targeting area,to arrange investigation and detection for getting enough useful information,and to analyze and integrate information for reaching a trustful prediction conclusion.According to these strategies,we conduct a successful prediction of location of hidden ore bodies in the outer of the Fenghuangshan copper mine,a principal producing mine in Tongling Cu-Au district.     

Metallogenic model of the Shuangjianzishan Ag-Pb-Zn district,Northeast China: Revealed from integrated geophysical investigation

The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range. Proven reserves of Ag, Pb, and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits, with favorable metallogenic conditions, strong prospecting signs, and high metallogenic potential. This paper reports a study involving integrated geophysical methods, including controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric, gravity, magnetic, and shallow-seismic-reflection methods, to determine the spatial distribution of ore-controlling structures and subsurface intrusive rock for a depth range of <2000 m in the Shuangjianzishan ore district. The objective of this study is to construct a metallogenic model of the ore district and provide a scientific basis for the exploration of similar deposits in the deep and surrounding regions. We used three-dimensional inversion for controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data based on the limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm, and three-dimensional physical-property inversion for the gravity and magnetic data to obtain information about the subsurface distribution of ore-controlling structures and intrusive rocks. Under seismic reflection results, regional geology, petrophysical properties, and borehole information, the geophysical investigation shows that the Dashizhai group, which contains the main ore-bearing strata in the ore district, is distributed within a depth range of <1239 m, and is thick in the Xinglongshan ore block and the eastern part of the Shuangjianzishan ore block. The mineralization is spatially associated with a fault system characterized by NE-, NW-, and N-trending faults. The magnetic and electrical models identify large, deep bodies of intrusive rock that are inferred to have been involved in mineralization, with local shallow emplacement of some intrusions. Combining the subsurface spatial distributions of ore-bearing strata, ore-controlling faults, and intrusive rock, we propose two different metallogenic models for the Shuangjianzishan ore district, which provide a scientific basis for further prospecting in the deep regions of the ore district and surrounding areas.     

贵州水银洞超大型金矿勘查实践及灰家堡矿集区勘查新进展

水银洞金矿为滇黔桂"金三角"最重要的金矿床之一,矿床勘查实践表明,地、物、化、遥等综合信息研究和成矿预测是矿床发现的关键因素,区域成矿模式的建立指明了下步工作方向并为新的成矿预测提供了理论的依据.理论指导下的灰家堡矿集区勘查取得长足的进展,贵州二度空间找矿取得了突破,展望灰家堡矿集区最终有望获得300 t以上金资源量,黔西南台地相区有望获得金资源量1 000 t以上.     

Numerical Modeling of Coupled Geodynamical Processes and Its Role in Facilitating Predictive Ore Discovery: An Example from Tongling, China

Abstract. Facilitating more predictive ore discovery is becoming an increasingly challenging task for the resources geology research and exploration industry. The numerical geodynamic modeling, which uses numerical code to reproduce feedback coupling of geodynamic processes in the computer, is one of endeavors for forming sound predictive exploration strategy by thoroughly understanding the mineralization system and its controlling factors. The FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) is a two-dimensional finite-difference code for studying the mechano-thermo-hydrological behavior of a continuous porous medium after it reached equilibrium or steady plastic flow. We used the FLAC to simulate the syn-deformation cooling and fluid flowing after the intrusion was emplaced and solidified in the Fenghuangshan ore field, Tongling Cu district for guiding analysis of ore-controlling factors and selection of the exploration target area. The results of numerical computation demonstrate that the dilatant deformation zones along the contact of the intrusion control the fluid focus and the location and scale of ore bodies. Further more, the simulation results suggest a most prospective exploration area in the south high dilation zone, where the subsequent exploration supported the prediction and the test bore hole disclosed the high quality copper ore bodies in the target. This example has demonstrated the positive role of the numerical geodynamic modeling in facilitating predictive ore discovery.     

Prediction of hidden ore bodies by synthesis of geological, geophysical and geochemical information based on dynamic model in Fenghuangshan ore field, Tongling district, China

Although the Tongling district is one of the most important Cu districts in China, exploration strategies need to be urgently updated to achieve a more predictive method for discovering hidden ore bodies. This paper presents a case study showing how new exploration strategies were developed and successfully used to discover a hidden ore body in the Fenghuangshan ore field of the Tongling district. All previously discovered ore bodies in the Fenghuangshan ore field were Cu skarn deposits located where dilational fault zones cut the contact zone of the Xingwuli granitoid complex. The features of the ores and the related magmatic rocks and hydrothermal alteration suggest that porphyry copper deposits are also likely to be present in the ore field. After assessing spatial controls on ore formation, ore-related indicators numerical simulating the coupled thermal–hydrological–mechanical processes during syn-deformation cooling of the Xingwuli Intrusion were used to choose a target area to the south of the Fenfhuangshan mine. In this target area, we have carried out an exploration program involving mapping, rock chip sampling for Cu in the fractured and altered rocks, and pesu-random triple frequency induced polarization (IP) and the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) surveys. Synthesis of the data obtained in this program identified a target that was subsequently drilled. This test hole demonstrated the presence of high grade Cu ores typical of both skarn and porphyry copper deposits.