皖北刘桥二矿井下析出物的成因探讨

刘桥二矿投产两年多来，井下的渗水部位不断有钙、铁、锰质等析出物形成。初步分析，这是地下水的水文地球化学环境变化及其对基岩产生机械、化学潜蚀作用的结果。析出物的形成速度较快，局部排出量大，对矿井水环境质量及基岩强度有一定影响，应引起有关部门重视。     

皖北刘二矿井下析出物的成因探讨

刘桥二矿投产两年多来，井下的渗水部位不断有钙，铁，锰等析出物形成。初步分析，这是地下水的水文地球化学环境及其对基岩产生机械，化学潜蚀作用的结果，析出物的形成速度较快，局部排出量大，对矿井水环境质量及基岩强度有一定影响，应引起有关部门重视。     

试论大厂锡石-硫化物矿田围岩介质的成矿地球化学作用

大厂锡石-硫化物矿田的成矿特征显示出围岩的地球化学作甩，花岗岩侵入在厚大的富有机质地层中而处于低fo2环境，锡以二价状态不能大量进入造岩矿物才富集于岩浆热液中，至弱碱性围岩里才析出形成锡石-硫化物矿床。围岩介质不但供给了一部分成矿物质，也影响到矿物组合同位素组成、气液包裹体成分、杂质元素等规律性变化。     

富水水库中微生物成因的显微针铁矿及其对微量元素的富集

通过对湖北省富水水库坝基渗漏水及其析出物的研究，探讨了现代沉积环境（水库）中显微铁矿物形成的机理及微生物在铁的生物矿化中的作用和意义。对析出物中微量元素的富集特征也进行了初步研究。用化学分析方法测试出坝基渗漏水中阳离子以Ca^2 、Mg^2 、K^ 、Na^ 为主，Fe^2 和Fe^3 含量极少，阴离子以HCO3^-为主。析出物的化学成分以铁的氧化物为主。采用X射线衍射、差热分析、红外光谱和穆斯堡尔谱，以及透射电镜和扫描电镜等测试手段，分析研究了析出物的物相和形貌特征。析出物的主要矿物相为针铁矿、石英、伊利石、蒙脱石和微量方解石，呈弱结晶状态。由析出物中显微针铁矿特殊的形貌特征及其特征的穆斯堡尔谱图推测出富水水库沉积环境中显微针铁矿是由铁细菌形成。ICP－MS测试测试结果表明，析出物中不仅富集了铁，还富集了Yb、Pb、Dy、Zn、Co、Be、Eu、Sm和Tb等微量元素。微量元素的富集是微生物与显微针铁矿共同作用的结果。     

陈村水电站坝基析出物的形成研究

陈村水电站建坝以后，坝基的部分排水孔不断排出析出物，经调查分析，析出物的主要化学成分是铁、锰，钙等，这是坝基地下水在还原条件下对基岩产生化学潜蚀的结果。析出物是一些胶状物质，并非断层带泥化形成的机械管涌，与坝基的断层关系密切，析出物的分布不广，排出量不多，并不影响坝基基岩的强度，对大坝的安全不构成威胁。     

安砂水电站坝基地下水析出物的研究

从我国首次大坝安全定期检查中得知, 在已建成并运行多年的许多大坝中, 其坝内廊道或基础廊道中的排水孔、排水沟, 均不同程度地发现有地下水析出物存在, 有的析出量特别多, 种类也比较复杂, 曾引起电厂及专家们的重视。本文从研究安砂水电站大坝工程地质、水文地质环境入手, 采取多种分析测试方法, 研究环境水、坝基岩体和析出物的矿物、化学成分、物化特性及颗粒组成等, 揭示坝基地下水析出物的形成机理, 并评价析出物对大坝安全的影响。     

基于化学热力学的大坝廊道渗水析出物量化分析

坝址渗水析出物是液—固相系列间相互作用的产物,对坝基岩体的渗透稳定性和帷幕体的防渗时效性具有指示意义,而目前对其量化分析还不够。在明确析出物的成因及形成过程的基础上,以一大坝工程作为例,应用PHREEQC中Equilibrium_phases模块对渗水析出物进行定量解析,并与类似成果进行对比,认为此模块的应用更为合理。结果表明:目前区内大坝廊道渗水析出物的析出量总体上对大坝的稳定性影响不大,第四单元和第六单元相对其它单元析出量稍多一些,建议加强监测。     

矿井井筒围岩流变对井筒稳定性的影响

根据流变力学的基本理论，分析了矿井井筒围岩的流变引起支护衬砌中应力和位移随时间的变化规律，建立了与时间有关的支护衬砌破坏准则，对矿井井筒的支护设计和预计衬砌不同时期的受力和稳定性有一定的参考意义。     

钢筋混凝土密闭在预防矿井泥石流中的应用

<正> 矿井泥石流对矿区开采危害极大,应用崩落法开采的矿山尤为如此。矿井泥石流一般多发生在矿体上部的几个分段。在未形成足够厚的围岩(或矿石)覆盖层,而与矿体直接接触的顶板或围岩又有通道与上部大量泥石堆积层相通的情况下,季节性大暴雨往往使泥石流涌入矿井。我矿一九八○年七月二十八日在采场暴发的一起泥石流就是一例。我矿利用分段崩落法开采的860分段,回采矿石不过千余吨。因顶板溶洞发育,矿石和围岩(硅化白云岩)风化严重,在一场大暴雨后,泥石流从采空区突然暴发,堵塞了     

四川软玉猫眼赋存的围岩显微结构研究

对四川软玉猫眼的赋存围岩一蛇纹石化辉橄岩和橄榄岩的岩石显微结构的研究结果表明：围岩的主要结构类型为网格状结构和交代假象结构。交代假象结构又可分为橄榄石假象和辉石假象两种。辉石假象有两种表现形式：其一为蛇纹石交代辉石而保留辉石的晶形;另一种表现为由辉石蚀变所析出的磁铁矿经浓集而形成肋状条纹以及磁铁矿向辉石边缘迁移而形成浓缩边。研究认为：在超基性岩体蚀变过程中,首先发生橄榄石化和辉石化,生成蛇纹石。而后蛇纹石对与其接触的碳酸盐岩发生接触交代,吸收围岩中的钙而形成软玉。     

元宝山露天矿基岩含水层疏干方法研究

以大量的水文地质资料和抽水试验以及相邻矿井放水试验实测数据，对元宝山露天煤矿基岩含水层的可疏必及可利用巷道疏干的方法，进行了分析，论证与研究，通过放水试验，初步证明元宝山露天矿基岩含水层采用巷道疏干的方法是可行的。     

浅埋煤层开采的矿井水来源判别

以陕北侏罗纪煤田凉水井煤矿为例,研究了浅埋煤层开采涌水量规律,根据煤矿井下水样的氢氧同位素构成,计算了矿井水的来源。该区矿井水接受风化基岩裂隙承压水和萨拉乌苏组潜水的补给,矿井水δD为-70‰,裂隙水δD为-80‰,萨拉乌苏组潜水δD为-67.46‰,由此可以计算出矿井水的补给来源主要是萨拉乌苏组地下水,萨拉乌苏组潜水补给占79.74%,基岩裂隙水补给占20.26%,据此提出该区保水采煤重点是保护萨拉乌苏组地下水含水结构的稳定性。     

Detrital transport of metals by glaciers, an example from the Pinchi Mine, central British Columbia

 Abundant cinnabar (HgS) mineralization is associated with the Pinchi Fault in central British Columbia. Two formerly producing mercury mines have been developed on this fault: Pinchi and Bralorne Takla. The mercury content of till (a sediment type directly deposited by glaciers) in the area of this fault is primarily controlled by the occurrence of cinnabar mineralization in bedrock and the direction of ice flow. Cinnabar-bearing bedrock was eroded by glaciers, transported in the direction of ice flow, and deposited "down-ice" from its source. An example of such a dispersal train is documented for the Pinchi Mine area where mercury ore was transported over a distance of 12 km, as measured in the clay-sized fraction (< 0.002 mm) of till, and could have been transported over 24 km according to heavy mineral concentrates (specific gravity >3.3) of this same sediment. Antimony, chromium, and nickel dispersal trains were also detected in the region. These data indicate that natural glacial processes can result in the "mobilization" of metals in the surficial environment, a factor which has to be considered at mine sites in glaciated terrain, where mine reclamation and remediation measures are now required. Received: 31 October 1996 · Accepted: 27 May 1997     

Mine tailings integrated investigations: The case of Rio tailings (Panasqueira Mine, Central Portugal)

Mining generates huge quantities of waste materials from ore extraction and milling operations, which accumulate in tailings and open impoundments. The risks associated with mine tailings have different nature, namely stability, rupture, surface and groundwater contamination, acid mine drainage (AMD) and precipitation of secondary minerals. In fact catastrophic failure of tailings impoundments has occurred, transporting slurry, dissolved metals and fine reactive metal particles to the environment.Often deposition conditions of old mine tailings are unknown and monitoring is deficient or even inexistent. Thus, in order to prevent accidents it is necessary to establish the internal structure, that is, mapping tailings impoundment, internal sediment structures – limits and stratigraphy – seepage and pathway locations, bedrock depth and topography estimates and actual deposition conditions of the tailings. Owing to the complexity of the problem, only integrated approaches can investigate and monitor comprehensively the characteristics and evolution of mine tailings and its impacts on the environment.As this is a multidisciplinary problem, strategies should consider integrated studies such as Geophysics, Geochemistry and borehole surveys. However data from these sources must be interpreted together, in a GIS database, to provide better models and an enhanced overall knowledge of the studied structures.It is proposed to test and validate such a methodology in a case study, Panasqueira mine, central Portugal and to contribute to the decision-making process of environmental and civil protection agencies with responsibilities in the assessing, prevention, mitigation, and controlling the potential and actual effects of tailings spills on the environment.     

鲍店煤矿瓦斯涌出规律分析

利用构造学、沉积学、数学模型分析等方法,简要分析了鲍店煤矿基本地质条件及影响瓦斯赋存的不同因素,论述了研究区影响瓦斯的主要地质因素,包括地质构造、煤层顶板岩性和上覆基岩厚度。总结了鲍店煤矿瓦斯涌出规侓,认为该井田瓦斯涌出量东北部偏高,西南部较低。     

吴堡矿区首采地段水文地质特征及矿床充水条件分析

从鄂尔多斯盆地东部地下水类型、含水岩组等区域水文地质条件入手,对陕北石炭二叠纪煤田吴堡矿区首期开采地段水文地质条件进行了分析。分析表明,区内第四系松散层含水层在首采区虽然分别较广,但水量相对较小,正常情况下与其下含水层贯通的可能性较小,对于煤矿开采影响较小;基岩风化裂隙潜水、太原组灰岩溶隙裂隙及砂岩裂隙承压水及奥陶系灰岩岩溶承压水是煤矿开采中最为主要的突水类型。从矿坑充水水源、充水通道和充水强度角度对首期开采地段进行了矿床充水因素的研究。研究认为,矿井充水水源为煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙水、灰岩裂隙溶隙承压水及奥陶系岩溶承压水;充水通道主要是煤层开采后顶板形成的冒落带和导水裂隙带以及底板受其承压水的影响而产生的破坏带。建议在矿井设计前对首采地段进行三维地震勘探,进一步查明区内断层性质、规模和易发生矿井涌水的部位,为建井设计、矿坑底板的突水和防治提供依据。     

Significance of Landscape Age,Uplift, and Weathering Rates to Ecosystem Development

The combined roles of chemical and physical weathering have profound effects on the development of terrestrial ecosystems. Landscapes which are tectonically active are rapidly denudated and continually produce nutrient solutes from fresh bedrock. The chemical weathering yields are related to climate, but also to geologic factors such as uplift rates. Long-term nutrient production and the phase of ecological development are closely related to geological setting. Until recently, this relationship has not been seriously considered by ecologists. Our analysis of existing information suggests, however, not only that the nature and type of geologic processes provide significant insights into landscape, but also to ecological development. In this paper, we describe the impact of geologic uplift on the long term generation of soluble nutrients from bedrock by evaluating long-term data from a number of forested sites and comparing it to newly collected data from Taiwan, an area undergoing rapid tectonic uplift.     

某高岭土矿开采边坡稳定性的赤平投影解析

某高岭土矿区主要由下白垩统粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩和燕山期石英斑岩（霏细斑岩）构成,基岩节理、裂隙较发育,发育有J1、J2两组节理。据开发利用方案,开采过程及开采结束时,矿区开采边坡最终境界形成PNE、PSE及PSW3个边坡。借助赤平投影图,直观地分析结构面组合与边坡坡面的空间关系,运用二分法和三分法确定该矿区最终境界3个边坡整体处于稳定状态。     

化学注浆在兴隆庄煤矿西风井深井井筒微裂隙防渗中的应用

兴隆庄煤矿位于地应力较大的地区，由于井壁受力的特点，在第四系与下伏基岩接触的部位，西风井井筒已发生严重的变形破坏。为保证井筒的正常使用，在此部位需要开挖卸压槽以缓冲井筒所受的压力，在开挖卸压槽的过程中，如何防止壁后第四系含水层发生溃砂涌水的事故是一个需要解决的难题。结合工程实例，本文详细地介绍了化学注浆的设计方案及施工工艺，评价了化学注浆的效果，结果表明，化学浆液具有较好的渗透性，能有效的封闭岩层中的微裂隙，达到很好的堵水固砂的效果。