云南个旧老厂-卡房花岗岩体成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学约束

在云南个旧地区发育大量与成矿时空密切相关的侵入岩。个旧东区的老厂-卡房花岗质岩体为一隐伏的花岗岩体,侵入于三叠纪个旧组灰岩和碳酸盐地层中,岩性主要为中细粒黑云母花岗岩,是个旧地区与成矿关系最为密切的花岗岩体之一。岩石的ACNK值大多在1.0以上,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石;U、Th含量较高,应归属于HHP花岗岩;岩石类型属于S型花岗岩,但经历了高度的分异和演化;n(Rb)/n(Sn)- n(Rb)/n(Ba)与n(CaO)/n(Na2O)-n(Al2O3)/n(TiO2)图解均暗示岩石的源区性质为由粘土岩所派生的岩浆。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,老厂-卡房岩体形成于85±0.85Ma,相当于晚白垩世。根据区域地质和花岗岩的地球化学特征,暗示个旧地区燕山晚期处于伸展构造背景。     

云南个旧老卡岩体钾长石与“玄武岩型”铜矿金云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义

个旧变玄武岩系中热液型铜锡多金属矿床主要分布于老厂、卡房矿田西部。文章利用40Ar-39Ar同位素测年方法对老卡隐伏花岗岩体的钾长石、老卡矿田"玄武岩型"铜矿的金云母进行年龄测试。结果显示,老卡岩体钾长石的40Ar-39Ar同位素坪年龄为71.6±0.29 Ma;老厂和卡房"玄武岩型"铜矿蚀变矿物金云母坪年龄分别为81.99±0.85 Ma和82.46±0.85 Ma,表明其形成时代皆为晚白垩世。结合区域资料,指出个旧锡-铜多金属矿田经历了较长的岩浆-热液演化时期,"玄武岩型"铜多金属矿床与燕山晚期花岗岩浆活动相关,为晚白垩世软流圈上涌、岩石圈大规模伸展减薄的产物。     

个旧含锡花岗岩浆杂岩体的成因、演化及成矿作用

个旧含锡花岗岩岩体分布于个旧大断裂之东西两侧。西区主要由龙岔河和神仙水岩体组成,东区主要由马拉格岩体、松树脚岩体、白沙冲岩体、卡房岩体和老厂岩体等组成。它们为多期多阶段同源岩浆杂岩体。 前人曾从岩石学、岩石化学以及O、H稳定同位素地质的不同角度分别讨论过个旧花岗岩的成因与演化。本文主要基于作者历年来对该地区花岗岩进行了较系统的Bb—Sr年代学,Sr同位素地质学和Rb、Sr、REE等微量元素地球化学研究,並结合Pb、O、H同位素和成矿实验究究、矿物包裹体特征研究以及野外地质证据讨论花岗岩的成因、演化及成矿作用。     

新疆西准噶尔夏尔莆花岗岩含矿性研究

西准噶尔是中国晚古生代花岗岩发育的主要地区之一,沿著名的达尔布特断裂带发育的后造山花岗岩带一直是西准噶尔花岗岩研究的焦点,其中夏尔莆岩体又是该花岗岩带中极其重要的岩体之一.通过对夏尔莆岩体的研究,从地球化学特征结合构造、岩浆岩等其他成矿因素得出该岩体总体特征与成矿关系.夏尔莆岩体岩石化学特征表明,寄主岩石富Al₂O₃、CaO和MgO,岩石化学图解和岩石化学参数证明其属于钙碱性准铝质-过铝质I型花岗岩.     

云南个旧卡房锡矿田花岗岩黑云母矿物化学特征及其成岩成矿意义

黑云母作为花岗岩中含量最高的暗色矿物,其成分特征对指示岩石成因与成矿起着重要作用。云南个旧卡房锡多 金属矿床的形成与花岗质岩浆活动密切相关,卡房花岗岩包含有大量黑云母,通过电子探针测试方法,对该花岗岩中的 黑云母成分进行了系统的研究。结果显示,黑云母为富铁黑云母,具有富硅、铁、铝、钾、钛,贫锰、镁、钙、钠等特 征,含铁指数为0.67~0.83。黑云母的成分特征暗示其结晶温度为500~708 ℃,结晶压力为202~538 MPa,对应的结晶深度为 7.64~20.35 km,表明卡房花岗岩形成于中低温环境、属于中深成相。综合研究认为,卡房锡矿田花岗岩具有高铁指数以及 氧逸度由高到低变化趋势等特征是锡成矿的有利条件,可以作为在本区寻找锡矿的重要标志。     

南岭地区诸广山复式岩体年代格架研究

诸广山岩体是南岭地区著名的大型复式岩体之一,但其研究程度存在南体高、北体低的不均衡现象,制约了对诸广山岩体年代格架及其岩石组成的整体性认识.本文对诸广山复式岩体(北体)进行锆石年代研究,测得早古生代汤湖岩体、寨前岩体、东洛岩体(黑云母二长花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为444±2 Ma、448±3 Ma、440±2 Ma,桂东岩体和上堡岩体(黑云母花岗闪长岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为444±2 Ma、442±2 Ma;中生代淋洋岩体(二长花岗岩)和鹅形岩体(正长花岗岩)锆石U-Pb年龄分别为230±3 Ma、157±1 Ma.诸广山岩体(北体)是由晚奥陶世-早志留世、晚三叠世、晚侏罗世岩体组成的复式岩体.结合南体年代与岩石学资料,认为诸广山复式岩体的侵位可划分为晚奥陶世-早志留世、中-晚三叠世、晚侏罗世三个期次,相应的岩石组合大致由花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩→二长花岗岩→二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩演变,与显生宙南岭地区地壳物质成熟度逐渐增高的总趋势一致,这可能为晚中生代该区发生钨锡铍铌钽铀等战略性矿产大规模、集群式成矿奠定了物质基础.汤湖岩体和寨前岩体中存在的新元古代继承锆石和捕获锆石暗示本区早古生代岩体形成过程中可能有新元古代物质的参与.     

Magmatic control on the contrasting Sn feritility of different granite plutons in the giant Gejiu orefield.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

云南个旧锡矿是全球最大的锡多金属矿床之一,但矿区内同时代花岗岩成锡矿潜力差异显著,其控制因素仍不清楚。本文选取贫矿的龙岔河似斑状花岗岩和成锡矿的老厂-卡房(后文简称老-卡)花岗岩为研究对象,通过全岩地球化学成分和黑云母成分分析,系统研究个旧矿区不同花岗岩成锡矿潜力差异的控制因素。测试结果表明,龙岔河花岗岩和老-卡花岗岩具有相似的、以表壳物质为主的岩浆源区以及较高的初始熔融温度,表明岩浆源区和熔融条件不是控制二者成矿潜力差异的主要原因。黑云母成分显示老-卡花岗岩和龙岔河花岗岩均具有较低的氧逸度,岩浆演化过程中锡为不相容元素,有利于锡在残余熔体中富集,表明氧逸度条件也不是导致成矿潜力差异的关键因素。龙岔河花岗岩发育角闪石、榍石、黑云母,而老-卡花岗岩发育岩浆白云母,指示后者分异程度更高。此外,与龙岔河花岗岩相比,老-卡花岗岩具有富硅,贫钛、铁、镁、钙和稀土元素特征,稀土元素呈现“海鸥式”配分模式,并且具有较低的Nb/Ta、Zr/Hf、K/Rb和较高的Rb/Sr比值,同样指示老-卡花岗岩具有更高的结晶分异程度。并且相比于龙岔河花岗岩为准铝质的特征,老-卡花岗岩的过铝质特征有利于锡分配进入岩浆出溶的流体相中富集成矿。因此,岩浆性质和演化程度是导致个旧地区不同花岗岩成矿潜力差异的主要原因,龙岔河花岗岩形成锡矿化的潜力较小。     

云南个旧卡房锡-铜矿床碱长花岗岩厘定及意义

卡房矿床位于个旧矿田东南部,矿区花岗岩为致矿岩体,以往对花岗岩的研究也较多,对花岗岩的定名为:黑云母花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩或者黑云母斜长花岗岩等等。通过对卡房花岗岩进行系统的岩矿鉴定和电子探针分析,发现长石为碱性长石(钾长石和钠长石),钠长石的An值均小于等于5。因此最终确定卡房岩体花岗岩为碱长花岗岩。而这种碱长花岗岩由富挥发分的岩浆形成,液态不混溶作用广泛发育于岩体顶部附近,是锡多金属矿富集成矿的主要分异方式,钠长石的An值可部分作为花岗岩成矿属性的评价标识之一。     

与云南个旧超大型锡矿床有关的花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及意义

云南个旧地区发育大量与成矿时空密切相关的火成岩,包括玄武岩、辉长岩、花岗岩和正长岩,花岗岩被认为是个旧地区与成矿关系最密切的侵入岩.文章首次采用LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP U-Pb方法对研究区内的花岗岩进行了精确定年,数据表明,不同类型的花岗岩同时或近于同时形成.龙岔河似斑状花岗岩主要形成于(820±03)～(832±14) Ma,马拉格-松树脚似斑状花岗岩形成于(828±17) Ma,老厂似斑状花岗岩形成于(833±16) Ma,白沙冲等粒花岗岩形成于(774±25) Ma,均集中形成于晚白垩世.结合前人的研究成果和本次新获得的数据,矿区内岩浆作用发生的时限基本可以限定在76～85 Ma之间,与整个华南西部地区成岩成矿时代吻合.年代学研究表明,个旧地区燕山晚期的构造背景与滇东南-桂西地区相同,而与红河断裂以西的藏南-三江锡矿带具有较明显的不同.     

云南个旧杂岩体年代学与地球化学:岩石成因和幔源岩浆对锡成矿贡献

锡矿往往与长英质岩浆岩伴生,然而锡矿形成的热能源区尚不清楚,其可能与地幔物质相关。我国云南锡矿带中出露的中-酸性岩石及碱性岩杂岩体为研究锡矿及其周围岩浆成因提供了良好的物质条件。本文报道了云南个旧地区代表性的花岗岩、辉长-闪长岩和碱性岩类新的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素数据。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明上述岩石分别形成于81.43±0.46Ma(82.89±0.58M)、81.35±0.22Ma和80.35±0.72Ma,指示它们为晚白垩世近同期岩浆活动的产物。其中闪长岩、碱性岩和花岗岩中锆石的Hf同位素组成不均一,ε_(Hf)(t)分别为-4.2~+0.8、-7.5~-1.9和-8.4~+0.4。尽管这些岩体的侵入时代一致,但它们的地球化学特征和同位素特征存在差异,表明这三类火成岩来自不同的岩浆源区,三者不是同一母岩浆相互演化的关系。个旧杂岩体中花岗岩为弱过铝质岩石,SiO_2与P_2O_5含量呈负相关的关系,排除S型花岗岩的可能。亏损Zr、Nb、Sr、Eu等大离子亲石元素的特征可能为锆石、磷灰石、长石类造岩矿物分离结晶作用的结果;Zr、Nb、Ce和Y总量较低,低的FeOT/MgO比值和低的锆石饱和温度表明,指示出个旧地区的花岗岩应为高分异I型花岗质岩石而非A型花岗岩。个旧地区形成于晚白垩世时期的中基性、碱性岩石可能为不同的幔源岩浆近同时侵入的产物,底侵的幔源熔体带来热量诱发中、下地壳岩石发生部分熔融形成含矿的花岗岩,幔源岩浆对于成矿至少在能量也可能在成矿物质上有重要的贡献。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.