Distribution Characteristics of Gold and Other Trace Elements in the Proterozoic Lengjiaxi Group,Northeastern Hunan Province

Systematic geochemical studies of the Proterozoic Lengjiaxi Group in northeastern Hunan Province suggest that the Lengjiaxi Group is a Au-As-Sb-W association-type Au-bearing turbidite formation.The contents of Au,As,Sb,W,Cr,Mn,Pb and Zn in the turbidite formation are more than two times as high as the average contents of trace elements in the upper continental crust.The low abundance of Ag and the close correlation between Au and As are two important characteristic features.In the Au-bearing turbidite formation the enrichment of gold is due to the extensive occurrence of Au-bearing pyrites.Higher contents of Au,W,Sb and Ag in the greywacke indicate that they also exist in the form of heavy minerals.Au,Ag,As,Sb,W and REE in the Au-bearing turbidite formation have a close genetic relation with the chemistry of the gold deposits.     

Geochemical Studies on Au Distribution and Mineralization in the Northwest Jiangxi Terrain

The Middle Proterozoic Jiuling Group,one of the most important geologic unit in the Northwest Jiangxi Terrain,is a kind of Au-bearing formation with a Au-Ag-As association,and its geotectonic setting belongs to the ACM area.Granitification can supply Au with favorable complexing agents.Later granitification os of much more significance in mineralization.Regional Aumineralization includes two types;metamorphic hydrothermal solo-Au mineralization in the northern part and magma gydrothermal superimposed polymetallic mineralization with Au,Ag,etc,being dominant in the southern part.Regional exploration should center aroud the Jiujing Group,small granite bodies of later periods and fault structures,while paying attention to the anomalies of trace elements such as Au,Ag,As,Pb,Zn,etc.     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit,southeastern Guizhou Province,China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic （Xiajiang Group） epimeta- morphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithologieal member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemis- try of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile ele- ments such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydro- therm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaC1-H20 solution system enriched in more C1 than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.     

Hg and As Minerals in Fluid Inclusions from the Williams Mine,Hemlo,and Their Genetic Implications

The Hemlo mineralization is enigmatic compared to general Archean lode gold deposits based on the fact that is characterized by an exotic mineralogy containing elements such as As,Hg,Sb,Ba,V and Mo.The genetic concepts range from syngenetc to epigenetic types of mineralization.This reconnaissance study was designed to examine the relationshp of Hg-As minerals with respect of fluid inclusions in the Williams mine(formerly known as the Page Williams mine)covering the A and C ore zones.     

Rare—Earth Elements and Genesis of Lamprophyres in the Laowangzhai Gold Orefield,Yunnan Province

The Laowangzhai super-large gold orefield,which is situated in northern Mt.Ailao tectonic zone,Yunnan Province,is a typical gold orefield where lamprophyres are temporally and spatially related to gold mineralization.Major element data show that lamprophyres in the orefield are of alkalic series and can be divided into potassic and K-rich calc-alkaline lamprophyres.The rocks are enriched in rare-earth elements as compared with the primary mantle and mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).Modelled calculations by the least squares method of Petrological Mixing show that the mantle-source for the lamprophyres in enriched in rarc earth elemeots.The geotectonic development of western Yunnan,Sr and Nd isotopic compositions,incompatible element patterns and linear programing calculations indicate that the fluids were derived from dehydration of submaine sediments which are enriched in ALK,LREE and incompatible elements and then were carried to mantle wedges as a result of plate subduction.That is the main factor leading to the formation of a metasonatic fertile mantle in the area studied.     

Paleotectonic Setting of Dongyan Group of Middle and Upper Proterozoic in Central Fujian Province

The central Fujian Province, situated on the juncture of paleo-uplift of Wuyishan, Yongmei Late Paleozoic depression and the eastern volcanic rift-fanlting zone, is mainly composed of the outcropped metamorphic basements in the Middle-Late and Early Proterozoic, which constitute two upper and lower giant thick formations of Precambrian volcanic-sedimentary cycles, respectively. The formation of Dongyan Group is an important Middle-Upper Proterozoic component, and the Dongyan Group is directly related to massive sulfide deposit in this area. In recent years, plenty of lead, zinc, copper, silver and gold deposits have been found and explored. The Precambrian paleorift setting of the central Fujian Province served as a favorite metallogenic background for the formation of large- and superlargescale volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) lead and zinc polymetal deposits. The Dongyan Group consists chiefly of a set of ancient volcanic sedimentary formations that are composed mainly of greenschist. Its major lithologic types comprise greenschist, marble, quartzite and granofels class including various components. The metamorphic rocks of Dongyan Group are the main composition of Middle and Upper Proterozoic volcanic-sedimentary cycle. The original rock of Dongyan Group, a stable rock association, is volcanic sedimentation and normal marine sedimentation. But the original volcanic rocks, basic and acid, are bimodal. The volcanic rocks were formed in the extensional continental rift setting.     

Geochemical Anomaly at the Devonian/Carboniferous Boundary, Huangmao, Gnangxi, China

The abundances of nearly 40 elements, Ir included, have been measured using radio-chemical and instrumental neutron activation analysis (RNAA and INAA) across a Devonian/Carboniferous (D/C) boundary section at Huangmao, Guangxi, China. The Ir anomaly has been found in the D/C boundary bed. Its peak value is 156 ppt, richer by a factor of 12 than that in the underlying strata. Besides, as with Ir, other siderophile and chalcophile elements such as Au. Ni. Co. As and Sb are also enriched. The cause for the abundance anomalies of Ir and other elemets is discussed. Neither volcanic eruption nor extraterrestrial impact can explain it satisfactorily. The real mechanism for the anomalies awaits further study.     

Late Paleozoic Element Migration and Accumulation under Intracontinental Sinistral Strike-slip Faulting in the West Junggar Orogenic Belt, NW China

The migration, accumulation and dispersion of elements caused by tectonic dynamics have always been a focus of attention, and become the basis of tectono-geochemistry. However, the effects of faulting, especially strike-slip faulting, on the adjustment of geochemical element distribution, are still not clear. In this paper, we select the West Junggar Orogenic Belt (WJOB), NW China, as a case study to test the migration behavior of elements under tectonic dynamics. The WJOB is dominated by NE-trending large-scale sinistral strike-slip faults such as the Darabut Fault, the Mayile Fault, and the Baerluke Fault, which formed during the intracontinental adjustment under N–S compression during ocean-continental conversion in the Late Paleozoic. Geochemical maps of 13 elements, Al, W, Sn, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, Fe, Ni, and Au, are analyzed for the effects of faulting and folding on element distribution at the regional scale. The results show that the element distribution in the WJOB is controlled mainly by two mechanisms during tectonic deformation: first is the material transporting mechanism, where the movement of geological units is consistent with the direction of tectonic movement; second is the diffusion mechanism, especially by tectonic pressure dissolution driven by tectonic dynamics, where the migration of elements is approximately perpendicular or opposite to the direction of tectonic movement. We conclude that the adjustment of element distributions has been determined by the combined actions of transporting and diffusion mechanisms, and that the diffusion mechanism plays an important role in the formation of geochemical Au blocks in the WJOB.     

Geochemistry of the Batang Group in the Zhaokalong Area,Yushu, Qinghai: Implications for the Late Triassic Tectonism in the Northern Sanjiang Region,China

The Batang Group in the Zhaokalong area not only hosts an important Fe-Cu polymetallic deposit but also reveal important insights for the Late Triassic tectonism in the northern Sanjiang region. In order to delineate the tectonic setting and evolutionary process of the paleo arc-basin system, geochemical studies on the Batang Group strata have been carried out. The results suggest that andesite in the Zhaokalong area mainly belongs to the tholeiite series and is characterized by obvious fractionation of LREE and HREE, enrichment in LILE and depletion in HFSE, and a distinctly elevated δ~(34)SCDT average of 10.5‰. The sandstone is classified as lithic sandstone, which is also characterized by obvious fractionation of LREE and HREE, as well as weak negative Ce and Eu anomalies. The limestone displays positive Eu anomalies, with δ~(13)CPDB ranging from-1.3‰ to 4.4‰ and δ~(18) OSMOW ranging from 14.6‰ to 22.5‰. These results indicate that the andesite has a dual signature of both arc andesite and rift volcanic rocks, whereas the sandstone may be formed in an active continental margin, and the limestone could be deposited in a weak oxidizing shallow sea. The sandstone in the Zhaokalong area represents sedimentation in a platform slope facies, corresponding to the main stage of the Jinshajing oceanic basin subduction during the middle period of Late Triassic. The continental arc volcanic activity resulted from subsequent strengthened subduction, forming the andesite in the North Qiangtang backarc basin. Afterwards, the limestone was formed after the cessation of magmatic activity. The information gleaned from the Batang Group strata helped constrain the evolution of the paleo-Jomda island arc and Jinshajiang oceanic subduction in the Late Triassic.     

Molecular Records of Primary Producers and Sedimentary Environmental Conditions of Late Permian Rocks in Northeast Sichuan, China

A series of biomarkers were identified in the aliphatic and aromatic fractions of the extracts from Late Permian Dalong (大隆) and Wujiaping (吴家坪) formations in Shangsi (上寺) Section, Northeast Sichuan (四川), South China, on the basis of the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC). The dominance of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes throughout the profile suggests the dominant contribution of algae and bacteria to the organics preserved in the marine section. Wujiaping Formation is characterized by the elevated contribution from algae as well as other photoantotrophs such as photosynthetic bacteria as shown by the molecular ratios of hopanes to steranes or tricyclic terpanes as well as the ratio of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) to C17 and C18 n-alkanes. This is in accord with the data from the microscopic measurement on the calcareous algae. In contrast, Dalong Formation is featured by enhanced contribution from bacteria and probably terrestrial organics indicated by the enhanced C24 tetracyclic terpanes relative to tricyclic terpanes. The two formations also show a distinct discrimination in sedimentary environmental conditions including redox condition and salinity. The anoxic condition was only found in the middle of the Dalong Formation as shown by the ratios of Pr/Ph and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene, consistent with the reported data of Mo and U. An enhancedsalinity indicated by the homohopane index is observed at the shallow Wujiaping Formation. On the basis of the composition of primary productivity and the redox condition, Dalong Formation is proposed, herein, to be potential hydrocarbon source rocks in the study site. It is notable that the topmost end-Permian is characterized by a large perturbance in both the redox condition and salinity, with oxic conditions being frequently interrupted by short-term anoxia, likely showing a causal relationship with the episodic biotic crisis across the Permian-Triassic boundary.     

白云鄂博群黑色岩系微量元素地球化学特征及地质意义

白云鄂博群位于华北地台北缘,是一套中—新元古代裂谷沉积的产物。尖山组和比鲁特组是其中主要的黑色岩系。对以上两组中的碳质页岩和板岩的Au、Ag、As、Ba、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、V、Zn、U、B、Sb等微量元素和稀土元素进行了较为详细的研究。通过元素含量特征、w(V)/w(V+Ni)、w(Zn)-w(Co)-w(Ni)三元图、稀土配分曲线、w(Ce)/w(La)、Ce和Eu异常、w(La)/w(Yb)-w(Ce)/w(La)和w(La)/w(Yb)-w(ΣREE)图解等方法对其沉积环境特征进行了探讨。微量元素含量分析显示白云鄂博群黑色岩系以富亲铜元素和亲石元素、贫亲铁元素为特征,其中富集Hg、B、As、Mn、Sb、Au、Ag、Pb、P、Ba、U、Mo等多种元素;较高的w(B)反映了黑色岩系沉积于盐度较高的水体中;高的w(V)/w(V+Ni)、w(Ce)/w(La)反映了黑色岩系形成于缺氧的沉积环境中;黑色岩系中Hg、Sb、Ba的富集和w(Zn)-w(Co)-w(Ni)图解中投点大部分靠近热水沉积区域指示了黑色岩系中有热水沉积物的参与;稀土元素配分模式、Ce和Eu异常及w(La)/w(Yb)-w(ΣREE)和w(La)/w(Yb)-w(Ce)/w(La)图解投点在两岩组中的不同特点表明尖山组沉积物以陆源沉积为主,有少量热水沉积物参与;而比鲁特组中热水沉积组分所占比例较大,形成时海水较深。     

吉林白山(浑江)金矿床岩石地球化学特征

白山金矿是近年来在吉林南部地区发现的一种重要类型金矿床--微细浸染型金矿床,矿床赋存在活泼性较高的元古庙老岭群珍珠门组大理岩中.吉南元古庙分布区Au、Zn、Sb、Cd、Sn、As、Hg等元素丰度具有显著偏高特征,白山金矿区Au、Ag、W、Bi、Sb、As等元素具有浓集系数高、变异系数大、多元素套合叠加异常等特点.异常带沿构造带分布并具有明显分带现象,元素组合为Au-Sn-Zn-Ag-Cd.     

湘西浅变质岩系中钨锑金矿床成矿系列

湖南西部钨锑金矿床主要集中分布于雪峰弧形构造带内,赋存于元古宇浅变质岩系中,严格受断裂构造控制。矿种组合为一组具有成因联系的Ｗ－Ｓｂ－Ａｕ,Ｓｂ－Ａｕ,Ｗ－Ａｕ和Ａｕ、Ｓｂ等矿床成矿系列。各矿床具有相似的区域构造－地球化学环境、形成规律及成因机制。在元古宇浅变质岩系中控矿构造系统发育的区（带）是金矿有利的远景区（带）。     

武当-两郧地区主要赋矿地层及其成矿元素

武当-两郧地区的金属矿床受一定地层层位控制.通过对中新元古代武当岩群、新元古代耀岭河组、上震旦统陡山沱组、下寒武统水沟口组和泥盆系等主要赋矿地层的赋矿特征及其成矿元素地球化学特点的分析,认为矿床的形成常常与该地层中成矿元素的原始浓集系数相对较高有关.武当岩群和耀岭河组中的成矿元素(如Au)浓集系数较低的原因可能是其成矿元素已发生迁移,并用于成矿或形成异常;陡山沱组、水沟口组和泥盆系具有为成矿提供物质来源的地球化学条件,特别是中泥盆统中产出的锑矿显然与较高的锑初始浓度有关.武当-两郧地区是环太平洋银成矿带西侧的银金比值低值区中的异常高值区,具有形成大型银矿床的潜力.     

招远大尹格庄金矿床微量元素特征及其意义

该文以山东招远大尹格庄金矿床中微量元素为研究对象,通过对矿床围岩、矿石等微量元素的研究,表明大尹格庄金矿围岩中微量元素以富含 Bi,Au,Pb,W,Ag,Sn 为特点,矿体和矿化体中元素组合为 Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg,B, Cu,Zn,Bi,Mo,Mn,Co,Ni,W。在5个成矿阶段中,第二阶段与第三阶段微量元素的富集程度较明显,表现为 Au, Ag,As,Co,Bi,Cu,Pb,Zn 等的富集,成矿元素可分为2个分带序列,主成矿元素为 Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Bi 组合、头晕元素 As Sb Hg 组合和尾晕元素 Co Ni 组合。     

四川会东小街金矿床成矿机理分析

四川会东小街金矿床为川西产于元古宙绿片岩地层中的菱铁矿型金矿床的典型代表。金矿体呈脉状产于中元古界会理群青龙山组碳质板岩、流纹质凝灰岩、变粗面炭和花岗斑岩的内外接触带中,受ＥＷ向基底断裂的次级断裂和层间破碎带的严格控制。矿石矿物组合为黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、黔铜矿族、Ａｕ－Ａｇ系列矿物,石英和菱铁矿。其成矿元素组成为Ａｕ－Ｃｕ－Ａｇ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ－Ａｓ－Ｆｅ。围岩蚀变以硅化、粘土化和碳酸盐化（菱铁矿化