碳氧同位素演化与碳酸盐岩层序地层学关系研究

结合碳酸盐岩层序地层分析，首次系统测定了马平组碳、氧同位素值，并对其演化规律与层序地层的关系进行了探讨．研究结果表明：马平组内δ１３Ｃ、δ１８Ｏ值变化范围分别是－２．５６‰～＋３．８９‰和－８．１６‰～－６．０２‰（ＰＤＢ）．准层序中δ１３Ｃ值向上逐渐减小，海进体系域（ＴＳＴ）和高水位体系域（ＨＳＴ）内δ１３Ｃ值则分别呈增加和减小的趋势，层序界面处δ１３Ｃ、δ１８Ｏ值均表现为负异常．控制层序地层内δ１３Ｃ值规律性分布和演化的主要机制是冰川型全球海平面周期性变化     

碳氧同位素演化与碳酸盐岩层序地层学关系研究——…

结合碳酸盐岩层序地层分析，首次系统测定了马平组碳，氧同位素值，并对其演化规律与层序地层的关系进行了探讨，研究结果表明：马平组内δ＾１３Ｃ，δ＾１８Ｏ值变化范围分别是－２．５６‰～＋３．８９‰和－８．１６‰～－６．０２‰（ＰＤＢ）准层序为δ＾１３Ｃ值向上逐渐减小，海进体系域（ＴＳＴ）和高水位体系域（ＨＳＴ）内δ＾１３Ｃ值分别呈增加和减小的趋，层序界面处δ＾１３Ｃ，δ＾１８Ｏ值均表现为负异常，控制层序     

贵州二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩碳,氧同位素地球化学演化规律

以贵州罗甸二叠纪剖面为研究对象，详细讨论了海相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成特点，及影响碳盐岩的δ＾１３Ｃ和δ＾１８Ｏ的主要因素。在此基础上系统阐述了整个二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩的δ＾１３Ｃ和δ＾１８Ｏ的演化与海平面升降的关系，第一次系统建立了二叠纪古海洋碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素演化曲线。     

川东黄龙组天然气储层的层序地层学研究

通过６０余口钻井岩芯资料的研究，表明川东黄龙组为碳酸盐岩１类层序，由低水位，海侵和高水位早期沉积体系域组成，各体系域以不同性质的界面为边界，有不同的高频旋回组合特征。本文重点讨论了各类界面的识别标志，海平面升降变化与高频旋回的关系，以及由海平面变化，盆地沉积和沉降速率复合控制的３个沉积体系域的演化特征，在此基础上建立了川东黄龙组为代表的内部克拉通盆地序地层模式。     

浙江煤山长兴阶有机碳δ^13C层序分布特征及古气候意义

本文通过对浙江长兴煤山Ｄ剖面长兴阶５６个样品的沉积有机碳碳同位素（δ＾１３Ｃｏｒｇ）分析,讨论了和只有机碳δ＾１３Ｃｏｒｇ在地层层序分布上的特征,及其与海水进退和碳酸盐岩δ＾１３Ｃｃａｒｂ及δ＾１８Ｏｃａｒｂ之间的关系。浙江煤山Ｄ剖面长兴阶δ＾１３Ｃｏｒｇ在地层层序上的分布总体呈现自下而上由重变轻的趋势,同时,δ＾１３Ｃｏｒｇ层序分布与生物演化及δ＾１３Ｃｃａｒｂ和δ＾１８Ｏｃａｒｂ层序分布之间具     

襄汾地区马家沟组碳酸盐岩—蒸发岩露头层序地层

襄汾地区下奥陶统马家沟组为一套碳酸盐岩－蒸发岩层序地层，其沉积背景及沉积过程受东部华北海控制，低位边级缘石膏最为发育，与泻湖内部盐岩层及普遍发育的碳酸盐岩一起构成了典型的碳酸盐岩－蒸发岩层序地层单元，该区马家沟组共发育７个Ｉ类层序，与鄂尔多斯盆地内部层序发育完全可以对比，层序边界位于边缘石膏楔的底部，层序边界的形成，和泻湖与外海（华北海）沟通与否或海平面下降程度有关，当海平面完全下降，泻湖与外海完     

基于自然伽马能谱测井资料的碳酸盐岩层序地层划分及其对古环境恢复的指示意义——以川东北LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组为例

自然伽马能谱测井资料在碳酸盐岩层序地层研究中具有较好的应用效果,Th/U和Th/K曲线的振荡趋势可为层序地层的旋回性识别提供依据。笔者等选取东北地区LT1典型井的自然伽马能谱测井资料为对象进行层序地层分析,结合岩芯碳氧同位素资料,探讨了沉积期古环境和相对海平面升降之间的耦合关系。结果表明,通过对自然伽马能谱测井资料进行INPEFA分析和Demy小波变换分析,可将LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组划分为1个三级层序和6个四级层序。INPEFA处理得到的Th/U_1曲线和Demy小波变换得到的Th/U_3_d8曲线可指示LT1井龙王庙组三级层序的相对海平面变化,Th/U_3_d6曲线与四级层序的相对海平面变化曲线相当。LT1井龙王庙组δ13C变化受三级层序相对海平面变化控制明显,最大海泛面位置对应ROECE碳同位素负漂移事件开始位置。结合龙王庙组δ13C变化和基于自然伽马能谱测井的相对海平面变化分析,认为ROECE事件可能与深部缺氧海水上涌和河流的持续输入以及风暴沉积带入的陆源碎屑物质有关。整体而言,LT1井龙王庙组沉积期古海水温度和古盐度的振荡变化趋势与三级和四级层序的相对海平面变化曲线（Th/U_3_d8和Th/U_3_d6）形态具有一定相关性,说明基于自然伽马能谱测井资料开展碳酸盐岩层序地层划分具有可行性,对沉积古环境恢复具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

基于自然伽马能谱测井资料的碳酸盐岩层序地层划分及其对古环境恢复的指示意义——以川东北LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组为例

自然伽马能谱测井资料在碳酸盐岩层序地层研究中具有较好的应用效果,Th/U和Th/K曲线的振荡趋势可为层序地层的旋回性识别提供依据。笔者等选取东北地区LT1典型井的自然伽马能谱测井资料为对象进行层序地层分析,结合岩芯碳氧同位素资料,探讨了沉积期古环境和相对海平面升降之间的耦合关系。结果表明,通过对自然伽马能谱测井资料进行INPEFA分析和Demy小波变换分析,可将LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组划分为1个三级层序和6个四级层序。INPEFA处理得到的Th/U＿1曲线和Demy小波变换得到的Th/U＿3＿d8曲线可指示LT1井龙王庙组三级层序的相对海平面变化,Th/U＿3＿d6曲线与四级层序的相对海平面变化曲线相当。LT1井龙王庙组δ¹³C变化受三级层序相对海平面变化控制明显,最大海泛面位置对应ROECE碳同位素负漂移事件开始位置。结合龙王庙组δ¹³C变化和基于自然伽马能谱测井的相对海平面变化分析,认为ROECE事件可能与深部缺氧海水上涌和河流的持续输入以及风暴沉积带入的陆源碎屑物质有关。整体而言,LT1井龙王庙组沉积期古海水温度和古盐度的振荡变化趋势与...     

塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架

在不同沉积相区典型露头、钻井及地震层序综合分析基础上,将塔里木盆地奥陶系海相地层划分出8个可全盆地对比的三级层序(OSQ1～OSQ8),首次建立了综合露头层序、钻井层序及地震层序划分的层序地层格架,建立了年代地层、牙形石生物地层、岩石地层与层序地层之间的相互关系(表1)。首次提出海相碳酸盐岩全岩或生物化石壳的碳同位素值可作为全球海平面变化的良好指标。在相似气候带及沉积环境具备相近的碳酸盐沉积速率的假设条件下,当沉积相分析所得到的相对海平面变化趋势与全岩碳同位素分析反映的全球海平面变化趋势总体一致时,说明碳酸盐层序的发育主要受控于全球海平面变化,反之则主要受控于区域构造沉降运动。鉴于这样的分析原理,我们认为塔里木盆地下奥陶统层序OSQ1及层序OSQ2属于主要受控于全球海平面变化的稳定加积型层序,而中、上奥陶统层序OSQ3～层序OSQ8则属于全球海平面总体上升背景下主要受区域构造运动控制形成的构造淹没型层序。     

长江中下游地区若干铁铜（金）矿床中块状及脉状钙质夕卡岩的氧锶同位素地球

报道了狮子山等若干夕卡岩型矿床和一个规模较大的无矿化夕卡岩脉中夕卡岩的Ｏ、Ｓｒ同位素研究结果。绝大多数夕卡岩的δ＾１８Ｏ值介于５．０和８．５之间，低于本区闪长岩类岩石及沉积碳酸盐岩的δ＾１８Ｏ值；     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.