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本文对Schwertmannite(斯沃特曼铁矿)矿物的两种非生物合成法——慢速合成法和快速合成法进行了全面的对比研究,并对合成样品的清洗方法进行了优化。慢速合成法和快速合成法在单纯合成Schwertmannite矿物的时间上基本一致。Schwertmannite矿物传统慢速合成方法中对合成样品的透析清洗过程耗时较长,但合成样品的矿物特征峰和红外光谱特性更好,形成的矿物颗粒较大;而Schwertmannite快速合成法中没有对合成样品的清洗步骤,并且合成样品的矿物特征峰强度较弱,合成的矿物颗粒较小。透析法比离心清洗法更适合对合成Schwertmannite样品的清洗,并且采用截留分子量为3 500的透析袋能够缩短透析时间20天,大大提高对合成样品的清洗效率。恒温(40℃)干燥会造成合成样品的严重聚集,而冷冻干燥法则能够大大降低合成样品在干燥过程中的聚集程度,通过研磨能够恢复干燥合成矿物原来的颜色和特征。 相似文献
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对比分析了片状触媒合成体系和粉状触媒合成体系,在金刚石合成过程中,合成腔体内压力、温度的变化情况,并结合金刚石合成特征区分布图,分析辽些压力、温度变化对合成金刚石品质的影响,由此,指出粉状触媒是合成金刚石用触媒材料的较佳形态。 相似文献
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简介了合成钻石的历史及其钻石合成技术的发展过程,分析认为合成钻石和晶面形态特征的差异是鉴别合成钻石的理论基础。总结了常规鉴别方法和现代仪器测试技术。鉴定测试一种钻石材料往往需要多种手段综合分析手,才能得出确切的结论。笔者采用宝石显微镜结合紫外灯检测鉴别合成钻石具有一定的实用意义。 相似文献
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人工合成烃类包裹体的实验研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
运用 Sterner 和 Bodnar(1984)提出的愈合裂隙的实验技术,在石英中成功地合成了烃类包裹体,并对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察、显微温度测定及激光拉曼光谱分析等。实验揭示出除合成压力之外,合成温度、反应时间和油水比例是烃类包裹体合成时几个需要重点考虑的因素。此外,合成时加入的初始溶液盐度和酸碱度也值得进一步考虑。人工合成烃类包裹体为研究天然烃类包裹体的形成机制及测定分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
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水镁石的低温化学合成及其矿物学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在低温条件下应用氯化镁法、氧化铁法和氮化镁法三种不同化学方法合成了水镁石矿物,并对其进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热分析研究。结果表明,三种不同方法合成的水镁石矿物的X射线衍射谱各有特点,对水镁石形貌的扫描电镜观察发现:氮化镁法合成产物呈六方板状;氧化镁法合成产物呈大的片状聚集体,但颗粒很小;氯化镁法合成产物多呈不规则粒状聚集体,粒度比较均匀。显然水镁石的形态受合成方法和条件的影响,特别氮化镁法合成的水镁石形状与温度有关,温度越高形状越复杂。差热和热重分析表明,氯化镁法合成水镁石的分解脱水特征温度比氧化镁法和氮化镁法合成水镁石的要低50℃左右,这可能与矿物颗粒的大小和形状有关。对这些合成水镁石的矿物学研究不仅具有材料科学意义,而且为研究天然水镁石成因和性质提供了实验室证据。 相似文献
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为使水质评价成果准确地反映水体的客观实际,本文阐述了模糊综合评价运用、<·— >、合成法进行合成运算存在的不足,提出运用<·—max)合成法进行合成运算。并结合大同市水质现状介绍了评价方法。通过算例对比分析,说明了<·—max>合成法进行水质模糊综合评价的合理性。 相似文献
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Priya Sangameswaran 《Geoforum》2009,40(2):228-238
This paper deals with the changes brought about by the ‘reforms’ in water currently under way in many parts of the world. Three particular reforms in the state of Maharashtra in western India are discussed - the commercialization of a parastatal body, the concept of self-sufficiency as it plays out in the context of urban local bodies, and the working of the regulatory body in water. The analysis of these reforms shows how, in common with neoliberal projects elsewhere, changes in institutional practices are resulting in changes in subjectivities, foreclosing alternatives, and leading to attempts to ‘depoliticize’ the water arena. At the same time, there are differences between the regulatory experience of Maharashtra and regulation in other locales, which offers insights into how neoliberalism works in a context where water reforms have emerged relatively late. 相似文献
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为能精确识别降水和开采对石家庄地下水流场影响强度,应用小波变换和相关分析等研究方法,对区域平均地下水位、地下水降落漏斗面积及中心水位与降水和开采变化之间的互动特征进行了研究。结果表明:① 1961—1973年期间,平均地下水位随降水量增大呈幂函数递减趋势;1974—2010年期间,降水量每减小100 mm,漏斗中心水位下降速率增大7.35 m,平均地下水位下降速率增大2.15 m;② 1961—1973年期间,开采量每增加1亿m3,平均地下水位下降0.28 m,漏斗面积扩大11.74 km2,中心水位下降0.52 m,1974年以来累计超采量每增加1亿m3,漏斗面积增幅1.52 km2,中心水位降幅0.18 m;③ 降水量每减小100 mm,降水贡献度减弱3.0%,人类开采影响强度增大2.76%。 相似文献
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为研究三峡蓄水后滞流点的时空变化规律,应用ECOMSED模型模拟长江河口在不同径流、潮流作用下的水流动态过程。结果表明:北支大洪水期下移幅度大,涨潮动力强劲,随潮流变化大;南侧变化幅度整体较北支小,随径流的变化幅度自大至小依次为北港、南槽、北槽;随潮流的变化幅度自大至小依次为南槽、北港、北槽。滞流点随径、潮条件变化时,受地形影响明显,三峡蓄水后,径流变化范围缩小,引起不同地貌单元滞流点范围不同程度的缩小,可据此认为,与滞流点位置一致的最大浑浊带范围呈现减小的趋势,由此可能引起最大浑浊带和地貌调整。 相似文献
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Glaciers in the southern Himalayas advanced in the early Holocene despite an increase in incoming summer solar insolation at the top of the atmosphere. These glacier advances are in contrast to the smaller alpine glaciers in the western and northern regions of Central Asia. Two different glacier mass-balance models are used to reconcile this Holocene glacier history with climate by quantifying the change in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELA) for simulated changes in Holocene climate. Both ELA models clearly show that the lowering of ELAs in the southern Himalayas is largely due to a decrease in summer temperatures, and that an increase in monsoonal precipitation accounts for less than 30% of the total ELA changes. The decrease in summer temperatures is a dynamic response to the changes in solar insolation, resulting in both a decrease in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface due to an increase in cloudiness and an increase in evaporative cooling. In the western and northern zones of Central Asia, both ELA models show a rise in ELAs in response to a general increase in summer temperatures. This increase in temperatures in the more northern regions is a direct radiative response to the increase in summer solar insolation. 相似文献
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采用北京、天津、沈阳、哈尔滨等6站近百年的实测资料,诊断分析了华北、东北地区的气温和降水量的变化趋势及相互关系。分析结果表明:近百年来北京等地年平均气温和冬季1月的月平均气温均有上升趋势,且东北地区比华北地区上升的幅度大,冬季1月的月平均气温比年平均气温上升幅度大。部分地区的夏季7月的月平均气温呈下降趋势。同期月平均气温和月降水量有负相关关系,尤其以5月、6月、7月最为明显。 相似文献
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Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China's Coal 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China,data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur,arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected,tested for content,and analyzed.Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur;the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content;that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal;and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content;other regions have low sulfur coal.The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China's coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world,whereas the content of various elements(Hg,Sb and Se)is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust.The average content of the elements Cr,Se,Co,Be,U,Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and Cl in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest.The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China.The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2022,5(3):421-428
This paper aims to investigate the present situation and transfer mechanisms of microplastics in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study surveyed the average abundance of microplastics in sediments. The abundance of microplastics in sediments of lakes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 17.22–2643.65 items/kg DW and 0–60.63 items/kg DW based on the data of the Qinghai Lake and the Siying Co Basin. The microplastic abundance in sediments from small and medium lakes is very high compared to that in other areas in the world. Like microplastics in other lakes of the world, those in the lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly include organic polymers PA, PET, PE, and PP and are primarily in the shape of fibers and fragments. The microplastic pollution of lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is affected by natural changes and by human activities, and the concentration of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems gradually increases through food chains. Furthermore, the paper suggests the relevant administrative departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau strengthen waste management while developing tourism and pay much attention to the impacts of microplastics in water environments. This study provides a reference for preventing and controlling microplastic contamination in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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By sampling in the field and analyzing the soil samples in the laboratory in 1982 and 2005 the soil fertility data were obtained.
Through application of geo-statistics combined with GIS, the temporal–spatial variability of the pH, organic matter, total
nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in soil of Xiaojiang watershed from 1982 to 2005 were analyzed. Results showed
that: (1) the pH value and total potassium in soil showed an increasing trend, but the organic matter, total nitrogen and
the total phosphorus in soil declined in the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed, (2) the parameters fitted by semivariogram
models for fertility indices changed significantly in the past 20 years and (3) the result estimated by ordinary Kriging indicated
the spatial pattern of the soil fertility indices changed significantly in the past 20 years. The soil pH increased in the
east and southeast, but decreased in the middle of the watershed. The organic content of the soil matter decreased in the
east, southeast and southwest, but increased in the northeast and middle of the watershed. The total nitrogen content of the
soil decreased in the east, but increased in the middle of watershed. The total phosphorus content of the soil decreased in
the whole watershed. The total potassium content of the soil increased in the southwest and southeast, but decreased in the
middle of the watershed and (4) the change of land use and soil management measures was the main driving force of variability
of soil properties. 相似文献