塔里木盆地于奇地区三叠纪孢粉组合

对新疆塔里木盆地于奇地区钻孔中三叠纪泥岩孢粉的研究,以优势属建立了3个孢粉组合。下部Limatulasporites-Lundbladispora-Taeniaesporites组合产于柯吐尔组,蕨类植物孢子占优势成分,以具纹饰的三缝孢子及腔状三缝孢子为主,裸子植物花粉以具肋双气囊花粉为主,地质时代为早三叠世;中部Punctatisporites-Aratrisporites组合产于阿克库勒组,蕨类植物孢子以光面圆形三缝孢子和单缝孢类为优势成分,裸子植物花粉以无肋双气囊花粉为主,地质时代为中三叠世;上部Dictyophyllidites-Cyclogranisporites-Alisporites组合产于哈拉哈塘组,蕨类植物孢子常见光面三角形三缝孢子和具纹饰的三缝孢子,裸子植物花粉以无肋双气囊花粉为主,地质时代为晚三叠世。     

重庆云阳恐龙化石埋藏地新田沟组孢粉化石组合特征及意义

重庆云阳新田沟组恐龙动物群是四川盆地近年来新发现的恐龙动物群,动物群埋藏层位为新田沟组中上部.对云阳地区恐龙化石埋藏地新田沟组剖面自底到顶系统开展了孢粉化石采样分析工作,分析结果表明,新田沟组上部孢粉化石缺失,中下部孢粉化石含量丰富,裸子植物花粉在孢粉组合中占绝对优势,含量高达91.64％,苔藓、蕨类植物孢子含量较低,为8.36％,未见被子植物花粉.裸子植物花粉中以无气囊类为主,占孢粉组合的81.99％,蕨类植物以无环光面或近光面的三缝孢子为主,占孢粉组合的5.49％.孢粉组合特征表明,研究区新田沟组时代为中侏罗世早期,属于热带—亚热带半干旱—半潮湿气候区.     

内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世-早三叠世孢粉组合及三叠系的发现

内蒙古林西县官地剖面二叠系林西组第五段灰色、深灰色板岩中发现了大量孢粉化石,经鉴定计有54属90种,以蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉为主,见有较多晚二叠世的常见分子,根据其与邻区的孢粉生物地层对比,确定林西组第五段时代为晚二叠世晚期.该剖面林西组第六段中发现有孢粉化石9属9种,其孢粉组成成分呈现出早三叠世孢粉组合特征,其时代应为早三叠世.由于林西组第六段岩性特征也发生变化,出现了紫灰色的粉砂质板岩夹层,且见有少量火山角砾.与下伏典型的林西组在岩性上有较大的差别,而与区域上下三叠统老龙头组相似.综合岩性特征、古生物化石特征、古气候特征及与邻区对比,将原划为林西组第六段的地层改划为下三叠统老龙头组.三叠系/二叠系界线划在林西组第五段与老龙头组之间.      

松辽盆地北部黑富地1井晚二叠世孢粉组合特征及意义

首次在松辽盆地北部黑富地1井上二叠统四站板岩组采获孢粉化石,称为Protohaploxypinus fertilis-Piceaepollenites opimus-Alisporites communis组合,该组合裸子植物花粉占绝对优势地位,蕨类植物孢子含量低且属种贫乏. 裸子植物花粉以无肋双囊粉含量最多,其次为具肋双囊粉,单气囊花粉含量较少,可与新疆北部准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地晚二叠世和大兴安岭地区林西组孢粉组合对比,时代为晚二叠世. 孢粉化石赋存井段岩性组合特征与林西组相似,因此松辽盆地西部大兴安岭地区的林西组可引入松辽盆地内, 原四站板岩组改称林西组.     

吉林万昌地区始新世—中新世孢粉组合及其地层意义

吉林省万昌地区万参一井孢粉化石丰富,自下而上划分5个孢粉组合。Z1组合孢粉化石较少,均为古近系常见孢粉,偶见褶皱粉,时代为早始新世;Z2组合出现始新世特征分子杵纹粉,还有小刺鹰粉、高腾粉及褶皱粉等零星出现,时代为中晚始新世;Z3组合蕨类植物孢子含量为剖面最高值,草本被子植物花粉较Z1、Z2组合有所增加,时代为早渐新世;Z4组合仍含较多的蕨类植物,草本被子植物花粉与Z3组合相当,时代为晚渐新世;Z5组合草本被子植物花粉含量较高,达剖面最高值,尤其以蒿粉+藜粉+菊粉+禾本粉等为代表,时代为中新世。     

青海省北祁连上三叠统南营儿组下部孢粉组合

青海北祁连区上三叠统实测剖面南营儿组下部的泥质页岩、炭质页岩、泥质粉砂岩中首次发现保存及分异度尚可的有机壁微体化石,共计孢粉28属35种,疑源类10属12种;其中,蕨类植物孢子占总组合的58.5%,裸子植物花粉占18.9%,疑源类占22.6%,可称为Aratrisporites-Ovalipollis-Micrhystridium孢粉组合。该组合面貌与国内外不同相区的晚三叠世的孢粉组合特征大体相似,可以对比。该组同时产植物化石Danaeopsis fecunda Halle和Neocalamites carcinoides Harris等,是一套在海侵的环境中形成的河湖相沉积,当时气候温暖潮湿。     

黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组孢粉学研究

文中材料采自黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组。大竹园组孢粉化石类型单调,保存较差;而梁山组孢粉化石丰富,保存良好。孢粉组合特征为:(1)大竹园组包含丰富的Calamospora和Florinites及少量Torispora verrucosa,Gulisporites,Alisporites,Hamiapollenites和Striatopodocarpites,这一孢粉组合主要出现在上石炭统至下二叠统。按照大竹园组层位和孢粉化石特征,其地质时代应为早二叠世Asselian期—Artinskian期(相当于紫松期—隆林期)。(2)梁山组中可建立孢粉组合Laevigatosporites vulgaris-Gulisporites-Florinites ovalis,共计发现孢粉化石34属49种,其中蕨类植物孢子含量为51.6％～56.1％,裸子植物花粉含量为43.9％～48.4％。与大竹园组沉积时期相比,这一时期植被极为繁盛。根据孢粉组合特征,梁山组地质时代可能为早二叠世隆林期,即Kungurian期。     

云南盐津地区自流井组、沙溪庙组孢粉化石组合特征及意义

对云南盐津地区侏罗系自流井组、沙溪庙组的孢粉组合特征和规律的研究表明,自流井组中以裸子植物花粉占绝对优势,而蕨类植物孢子含量低;裸子植物花粉中以Pinuspollenites为主,蕨类植物孢子只有Laevigatosporites。自流井组时代为早侏罗世,属于热带半干旱-温暖气候。沙溪庙组中裸子植物花粉以Pinuspollenites为主,含有Psophosphaera,Classopollis等;在蕨类植物孢子中Neoraistrickia的含量最高。沙溪庙组时代为中侏罗世,属于热带或亚热带较温暖气候。     

青海北祁连区西大沟组孢粉组合

青海北祁连区西大沟组孢粉组合含有８３属１１０种（类型）,包括２新种,其中蕨类植物孢子为３３．６％,裸子植物花粉为５０．５％,疑源类为１５．８％。本组合以Ａｐｉｃｕｌａｔｉｓｐｏｒｉｓ－Ｃｏｒｄａｉｔｉｎａ－Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓｐｏｒｉｓ较多为特征地质时代为早三叠世。     

新疆库车库尔哈剖面两个新生代孢粉组合的时代和环境意义

库车盆地的新生界发育比较完整,笔者在库车县城北东方向约50km的库尔哈村西的河谷中测制了剖面。于66层的44号样和90层的50号样品中获得了两个孢粉组合。66层和90层皆属于康村组,两个样品之间相差约200m(真厚度)。在此之前,尚未见到有关康村组孢粉化石的报道。44号样的孢粉组合中被子植物花粉占绝对优势,含量高达94.5%,裸子植物花粉和蕨类植物孢子均少量出现。孢粉面貌反映以草原和灌丛为主的植被类型。50号样的孢粉组合中被子植物花粉占优势(66.5%),裸子植物花粉有较高含量(32.0%),蕨类植物孢子零星出现。孢粉面貌反映盆地周缘广泛分布有以松科为主的高山针叶林带。     

华北地块东北缘红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组孢粉化石

报道华北地块东北缘地区红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组的孢粉化石,建立了Cicatricosisporites-Abietineaepollenites-Piceites组合,该组合的主要特征为:以裸子类双气囊花粉和海金沙科孢子为主,含一定量裸子类无气囊花粉,未见被子类花粉,孢粉组合特征可与松辽盆地沙河子组对比。一些具有早白垩世时代意义的孢粉化石,如Cicatricosisporites sp.,Cicatricosisporites undulates和Cicatricosisporites implexus的出现,表明鹰嘴砬子组的地质时代为早白垩世。根据孢粉化石资料,推测华北地块东北缘地区在鹰嘴砬子组沉积时期古植被面貌以松科和杉科组成的松柏类针叶林为主,林下生长着真蕨类。古气候相当于湿润-半湿润的亚热带气候。     

广西桂林地区晚三叠世孢粉组合及其地层意义

广西桂林地区首次发现晚三叠世孢粉化石２７属３７种,可称为Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｐｈｙｌｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃａｎａｌｉ－ｚｏｎｏｓｐｏｒａ－Ｏｖａｌｉｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｒｉｃｃｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,其中的主要属种在国内外均为晚三叠世的重要分子,并可与我国华南地区和欧洲有关晚三叠世孢粉组合进行对比。因此,当前组合的地质时代属于晚三叠世,这填补了桂林地区中生代地质发展史中的一个空白。     

Climate characteristics of the eastern Mongolian Plateau,China during the early Early Cretaceous (145–132 Ma): Palynological evidence from the Tongbomiao Formation in Well Hong-6, Hailar Basin

This study identified two palynological assemblages, namely Bayanhuasporites-Cycadopites-Protoconiferus and Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites, in the Tongbomiao Formation in the Hongqi Sag in the Hailar Basin, Inner Mongolia, China for the first time. The former is distributed in the lower part of the Tongbomiao Formation and is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores. Among them, the gymnosperm pollen is dominated by Paleoconifer (4.98%–31.62%) and Cycadopite (8.55%–25.23%) pollen grains and also includes other pollen grains such as Classopollis, Parcisporites, Erlianpollis, Callialasporites, and Jiaohepollis. The fern spores in the former palynological assemblage contain Bayanhuasporite (0–8.96%), Granulatisporites (0.93%–6.97%), and some important Cretaceous genera, such as Cicatricosisporites, Concavissimisporites, Densoisporites, Hsuisporites, Foraminisporis, and Leptolepidites. The Cicatricosisporites-Cedripites-Perinopollenites palynological assemblage is distributed in the upper part of the Tongbomiao Formation. Gymnosperm (77.30%), Pinaceae (31.9%), and Paleoconiferus (19.02%) pollen predominate this palynological assemblage, and Quadraeculina, Erlianpollis, and Jiaohepollis pollen are also common in this assemblage. The fern spores in this palynological assemblage include abundant Cicatricosisporites (4.29%). Besides, Concavissimisporites, Aequitriradites, and Leptolepidites are also common in this palynological assemblage. No angiosperm pollen has been found in both palynological assemblages. The identification of both palynological assemblages provides important evidence for the biostratigraphic correlation between the Hailar Basin and its adjacent areas. It also enables the reconstructions of the Berriasian-Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) vegetation and the paleoclimate on the eastern Mongolian Plateau during 141–132 Ma. The vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the represented by Hailar Basin in eastern Mongolian Plateau (141.6–141.4 Ma), form conifer forest or conifer broad-leaved mixed forest to conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, the climate belongs to warm temperate and warm-subtropicalt, the highest temperature is estimated to reach 35–38°C. Form 132.3 Ma, the vegetation type is conifer forest, and its paleoclimate is sub-humid warm temperate, the highest temperature is estimated to reach 24–29°C.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

The palynological record from Coniacian to lower Campanian continental sequences in the Songliao Basin,northeastern China and its implications for palaeoclimate

A palynological record recovered from successions of Coniacian to early Campanian age (89.1–83.5 Ma) was obtained from the lacustrine sequences of the SK-I south core (SK-Is) in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. The palynoflora is dominated by bisaccate gymnosperm pollen, followed by spores of pteridophytes, and just minor amounts of angiosperm pollen. Based on the relative abundance of the different spore and pollen taxa through the core, the succession was subdivided into three palynological assemblages. The results indicate two opposite trends for climate change, a minor warming trend (from 89.1 to 85.7 Ma) followed by a rapid cooling trend (85.7–83.5 Ma). The first warming trend reached its maximum at 85.7 Ma, which is inconsistent with results from the marine realm (which instead show a minor cooling trend based on several proxy records). However, the second cooling phase is consistent with global changes from various and abundant palaeoclimate proxies from marine deposits. We interpret the climatic changes within the studied interval (89.1–83.5 Ma) as a consequence of the shifting climate from a hot/super greenhouse to a temperate greenhouse.     

黑龙江三江盆地晚白垩世海浪组孢粉组合

依据东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段的孢粉鉴定结果,结合前人资料,首次将该井段孢粉组合命名为Cyathidites-Taxodiaceaepolleni-Aquilapollenites组合。其组合特征为:裸子植物花粉占48. 10%～78. 58%,蕨类孢子占2. 44%～34. 18%,被子植物花粉占0%～28. 26%;蕨类孢子中Cyathidites百分含量最高(0. 79%～37. 50%),其次是Cicatricosisporites (0%～12. 50%)和Leiotriletes (0%～10. 00%),重要分子有Appendicisporites、Schizaeoisporites、Lygodiumsporites和Lygodioisporites;裸子植物花粉中Inaperturopllenites的百分含量最高(11. 29%～38. 83%),其次是Taxodiaceaepollenites (12. 66%～28. 57%),重要分子有Tsugaepollenites、Parcisporites、Parvisaccites、Ephedripites和Classopollis等;被子植物花粉中Tricolpites的百分含量最高(0%～16. 46%),其次是Betulaepollenites (0%～15. 22%),含量较高的还有Momipites和Tricolporopollenites,重要分子有Aquilapollenites、Fibulapollis和Proteacidites等。该组合可以与松辽盆地嫩江组孢粉组合对比,地质时代为晚白垩世Santonian-Campanian期。鉴于宁安市南团子山、高家等露头区海浪组所产Estherites mitsuishii、E. liuxinensis、Tylestheria cf. shanhoensis、Halysestheria yui、Calestherites sp.和Brachygrapta? sp.等叶肢介化石群,系松辽盆地嫩江组常见分子,故将东基三井1 226. 0～1 538. 0 m井段划归为海浪组,废弃"七星河组"一名。     

Palynological assemblages of non-marine rocks at the Permian–Triassic boundary, western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, South China

Marine and non-marine facies of the Permian–Triassic boundary stratigraphic set (PTBST) are well developed in South China. Palynological assemblages enable subdivision and correlation of the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) rocks. Three palynological assemblages are recognized across the PTBST in two terrestrial PTB sections in western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, South China. Assemblage 1 (Xuanwei Formation) is a Late Permian palynological assemblage dominated by ferns and pteridosperms, with minor gymnosperms. Most taxa are typical long-ranging Paleozoic forms, but the appearance of Lueckisporites confirms a Late Permian age for this assemblage. Assemblage 2 (PTBST) is marked by an abrupt decrease in palynomorph abundance and diversity, and thriving fungal/algal(?) spores. Assemblage 2 is still dominated by ferns and pteridosperms, with a few gymnosperms, but is characterized by a mixed palynoflora containing both Late Permian and Early Triassic elements. Most taxa are typical Late Permian ones also found in Assemblage 1, however, some taxa of Early Triassic aspect, e.g. Lundbladispora and Taeniaesporites, appeared for the first time. In Assemblage 3 (top Xuanwei Formation and Kayitou Formation), the proportion of gymnosperm pollen increases rapidly, exceeding that of ferns and pteridosperms, but the abundance of palynomorphs is still low. Typical Early Triassic taxa (such as Lundbladispora, Aratrisporites and Taeniaesporites) are present in greater abundance and confirms an Early Triassic age for this assemblage.     

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意义

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源.由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定.对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变.西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主.通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cy...     

A snapshot into the terrestrial ecosystem of an exceptionally well-preserved dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Dakota,USA

A palynological investigation of sedimentary rocks enclosing an exceptionally well-preserved fossil dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) discovered in the upper part of the Hell Creek Formation in south western North Dakota was conducted in order to document the immediate paleoenvironment of this dinosaur. The specimen, an Edmontosaurus annectens is remarkable in having exceptional three-dimensional preservation of soft tissue around the skeleton, indicating rapid burial. A well-preserved palynological assemblage dominated by fern and bryophyte spores, with lesser gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen was recovered. Sparse fresh-water algae and marine dinoflagellate cysts were also recorded. The palynofacies is dominated by wood fragments, including charcoal, with little amorphous organic matter. The presence of some typical pollen taxa of the Wodehouseia spinata Assemblage Zone including Striatellipollis striatellus, Tricolpites microreticulatus, Leptopecopites pocockii as well as a diverse suite of Aquilapollenites, is fully consistent with a Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) age. The palynoflora indicates a local vegetation composed of a canopy of conifers dominated by Pinaceae and a minor sub-canopy of Taxodium and cycads, as well as an understory of hydrophilous ferns, mosses and herbaceous angiosperms, indicative of a warm and humid climate – an environment where this specific hadrosaur roamed over 66 million years ago.     

新疆四棵树地区西山窑组孢粉组合及古气候意

四棵树凹陷位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段乌苏市境内,蕴含丰富的油气和煤炭资源。由于匮乏化石证据,制约四棵树凹陷侏罗纪地层的地质时代的确定。对西山窑组沉积环境和孢粉分析研究,恢复重建了其古环境,探讨了本区中西山窑时期的植被演替及环境演变。西山窑组岩性以泥质细砂岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主。通过对孢粉化石分析研究,建立了Cyathidites minor—Osmundacidites —Cycadopites—Disacciatrileti（COCD）孢粉组合。组合中蕨类植物孢子与裸子植物花粉含量大体相当,蕨类植物孢子以紫萁科的Osmundacidites为主,桫椤科孢子也有一定含量,其他常见分子包括Deltoidospora、Neoraistrickia等,裸子植物以松柏类两气囊花粉含量为主,均为我国侏罗纪常见属种。通过对西山窑组孢粉植物群的分析,认为西山窑组孢粉组合时代属于中侏罗世早期,该孢粉植物群总体上反映了温暖湿润的热带—亚热带气候特点,植被类型以针阔混交林为主。     

A Gondwanian Palynoflora from the Lower Permian Chubu Formation,Southern Tibet

l.IntroductionThePermianstratacroppingoutintheMt.Jo-moLungmaandnorthwardregionofsouthernTibetwererecognizedbytheComprehensiveScientificExpeditiontotheQinghai-TibetplateauofAcade-miaSinica(l975),andGondwanianGlossOPterisflorawasdiscoveredfromtheterrestrialPermiandeposits(HshJen,l973,l976).AccordingtoYinJixiangandGuoShizeng(l976)andYinJixiang(l997),therelevantstratamaybedividedintothreeformations,indescendingorder,theyare;Chubujeka(Quburiga)FormationfThelowerportionmainlycomposedofgra…