白云鄂博富稀土元素碳酸岩墙的 碳和氧同位素特征

重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床东矿北东方向2 k m、切割白云鄂 博群H1及H3岩性段的细粒方解石碳酸岩岩墙的碳和氧同位素地球化学特征。结果表明,碳酸 岩的碳同位素组成变化范围较小(δ13C值为－6.6‰ ～ －4.6‰),与正常地幔碳δ 13C值－5±2‰一致;而氧同位素组成变化范围较大(δ18O值为11.9‰～17.7‰ ),显著高于地幔的δ18O值5.7±1.0‰,表明碳酸岩浆在结晶过程中或之后曾与 低 温热液流体发生了同位素交换。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于 0‰,处于不平衡状态,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,白云石可能 为次生成因的。     

白云鄂博赋矿白云岩与微晶丘和碳酸岩墙的碳氧同位素对比研究

本文通过方解石和白云石的碳和氧同位素分析,对比研究了白云鄂博赋矿白云岩、黑脑包微晶丘、北京西山微晶丘、宽沟北正常沉积灰岩和白云鄂博碳酸岩墙,从而探讨了赋矿白云岩的成因及其与超大型Fe-Nb-REE矿床的成因关系。结果为:①黑脑包腮林忽洞群顶部微晶丘和北京西山寒武系顶部微晶丘碳酸盐的δ~(13)C值都在0±2‰左右,δ~(18)O值为18.3‰～25.1‰,均具有典型海相沉积碳酸盐岩的特点;②白云鄂博东矿采场δ~(13)C值为-7.9‰～-1.1‰,δ~(18)O值为9.1‰～20.9‰;矿区东西两端δ~(13)C值-7.9‰～-0.6‰,δ~(18)O值8.6‰～25.7‰;均介于地幔流体与典型沉积碳酸盐岩之间。部分赋矿白云岩样品中白云石与方解石之间的碳氧同位素分馏△~(13)C和△~(18)O值均小于0‰,表明其受到过次生蚀变作用,低δ~(18)O值白云石样品所对应的负△~(18)O值反映了地幔镁质流体对沉积碳酸盐岩的强烈交代作用;③矿区—富稀土碳酸岩墙的δ~(13)C值为-7.2‰～-4.7‰,δ~(18)O价值为11.9‰～16.4‰,表明其碳酸岩岩浆并非原始地幔来源,而可能与俯冲板块携带的沉积碳酸盐岩与地幔流体在深部的高温混合熔融有关。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于0‰,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,至少其中之一为     

碳酸盐矿物氧同位素分馏的理论研究

应用增量方法系统地计算了碳酸盐矿物的同位素分馏系数，得到不同结构和成分的碳酸盐矿物的18O富集顺序为：菱铁矿〉铁白云石〉菱镁矿≥白云石≥方解石〉文石〉菱锶矿〉白铅矿〉碳钡矿。在0℃～1200℃范围内获得了一组内部一致的碳酸盐－水体系的理论分馏系数，这些计算结果与已知的实验和／或经验数据之间存在良好的一致性，因此本文对碳酸盐矿物氧同位素分馏系数的理论校准不仅可应用于共生矿物组合形成温度的确定，而且能够应用于其形成机理的示踪。 计算结果表明，白云石的氧同位素分馏行为与方解石相似，在25℃下白云石与方解石之间的平衡分馏为0.56‰ 。理论预测文石相对于方解石显著地亏损 δ18O，在25℃时方解石与文石之问的平衡分馏为4.47‰ 。文石向方解石的同质多相转变可能是通过一种没有同位素再造的惰性氧结构单元[CO3]2- 进行的，即只涉及Ca2+ 与[C03]2- 基团之间键的断裂和再组台而未出现[CO3]2- 基团内部C－O键的断裂和再组合。结果在自然界和实验室实验中，文石中氧同位索配分的温度关系能够传递副方解石中来。这种在同质多相转变形成方解石过程中的氧同位素继承性对于了解白云石－方解石－水体系分馏的难题至关重要。理论预测也能够用来解释对方解石分馏的经验估算与实验测定之间的分歧。     

大别造山带超高压变质岩稳定同位素地球化学

通过对大别造山带超高压变质岩的氢、氧和碳同位素地球化学研究，发现了显著的稳定同位素异常。结果对扬子板块向华北板块的俯冲提供了如下化学地球动力学制约： (1)北大别榴辉岩和基性麻粒岩与南大别超高压榴辉岩和片麻岩一样，具有较低的δ 18O值，表明它们在板块俯冲前经历了高温地表水热液蚀变，在超高压变质阶段流体以亏损 13C为特征； (2)部分低δ 18O值榴辉岩的共存矿物对之间保存了氧同位素平衡分馏，记录了榴辉岩相变质温度，指示这些榴辉岩在地幔的居留时间较短，折返初期的冷却速率较大； (3)退变质作用过程中存在显著的差异性氢氧同位素交换，早期阶段流体具有内部缓冲性质，而晚期则具有外部来源； (4)东大别大理岩显著富集 13C，反映出其母岩灰岩的沉积环境为封闭的大陆边缘盆地，西大别苏家河大理岩的δ 13C值接近于正常海相碳酸盐，指示其母岩形成环境为宽广开阔的海洋。     

湖泊沉积碳酸盐氧同位素影响因素的定量评估

湖泊自生碳酸盐δ18O是重建湖泊演化历史的重要代用指标,然而由于湖泊沉积物质来源的多元性和沉积过程的复杂性,所获沉积物碳酸盐的δ18O往往具有多解性.在嘎顺诺尔古湖相沉积小狐山剖面,其剖面590 ～500cm层段湖泊沉积物碳酸盐矿物中的方解石逐渐被白云石取代,同时碳酸盐δ18O呈现异常偏重趋势,其幅度达6.1‰.本文以此为例,通过对沉积物碳酸盐矿物类型和碳酸盐δ18O的分析,结合沉积物粒度、TOC和有机碳同位素等代用指标,对碳酸盐δ18O的影响因素进行了定量评估.对小狐山剖面而言,结果显示湖水蒸发浓缩效应和碳酸盐矿物相变均会导致碳酸盐δ18O发生变化,其中碳酸盐矿物相变引起的分馏作用是影响δ18O发生非环境效应的最主要因素之一.小狐山剖面沉积物中白云石较方解石富集δ18O约7.65‰～ 11.02‰,由此估算白云石与方解石之间的分馏作用可以解释δ18O波动约70％.本文研究结果揭示了自然条件下生成的不同碳酸盐矿物相变存在氧同位素分馏,在进行古环境重建的过程中必须对此进行重视和评估.     

黔东镇远金堡铅锌矿床稳定同位素特征与成矿物质来源探讨

通过野外调查采样和测试分析,对贵州黔东镇远金堡铅锌矿床开展碳、氧、硫同位素地球化学特征等进行研究,方解石和白云石碳同位素在-5.7‰~-6.9‰,落在典型的火成碳酸岩区域(-5‰~-7‰);氧同位素在11.2‰~12.2‰之间,略高于火成碳酸岩,预示火成碳酸岩物质经过低温蚀变造成氧同位素偏高。闪锌矿硫同位素分布较为集中,在11.5‰~14.2‰之间,结合该区域的碳同位素,暗示成矿物质来自于深部地幔或岩浆作用。通过碳-氧稳定同位素示踪分析,结合区域地质条件及矿床地质特征研究,认为金堡铅锌矿成矿热液与岩浆作用有关,     

庙垭铌-稀土矿床的热液蚀变作用:来自碳酸岩碳-氧同位素的制约

对湖北省庙垭铌-稀土矿床火成碳酸岩全岩进行了碳-氧同位素分析结果显示,庙垭碳酸岩δ13C值为-5.84‰~-3.46‰,与正常地幔和初始火成碳酸岩值基本一致,δ18O值为11.3‰~13.4‰,明显高于正常地幔和初始碳酸岩值,与富CO2-H2O流体交代后的碳酸盐岩的C-O同位素结果相似。结合矿物学、岩石学和流体包裹体观察和研究结果,初步判断庙垭碳酸岩可能经历了后期热液蚀变作用改造过程。应用水-岩交换模型计算进一步获得热液蚀变温度为约400~600°C,水/岩比为10~200。通过与区域上杀熊洞碱性-碳酸岩杂岩体和内蒙古白云鄂博Nb-Fe-REE矿床中碳酸岩的C-O同位素组成进行对比,初步认为后期热液流体交代蚀变作用过程对与火成碳酸岩相关的超大型Nb-REE矿床形成可能具有重要意义。     

不纯碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成的在线分析

利用 GV IsoPrime(R)Ⅱ型稳定同位素质谱仪测量不纯碳酸盐样品的碳氧同位素组成,这些样品是用国家碳酸盐碳氧同位素一级标准物质 GBW04406与去除了碳酸盐的沉积物混合配制而成的, CaCO3含量在 2%～ 90%之间.结果显示 ,δ 13C内部精度为 0.002‰～ 0.005‰ (1σ ),δ 18O内部精度为 0.003‰～ 0.009‰ (1σ ),与测量所得的纯 CaCO3国际国内标准物质结果的内部精度范围一致,且外部精度达到仪器的指标要求,同时 ,不同 CaCO3含量样品的δ 13C和δ 18O的测量值 (测量平均值:δ 13C =-10.932‰± 0.021‰,δ 18O=-12.483‰± 0.054‰; 1σ )也在误差允许范围之内与 GBW04406推荐值 (δ 13C=-10.85‰± 0.05‰, δ 18O =-12.40‰± 0.15‰ ; 1σ )一致.可见碳酸盐的含量并不影响其碳氧同位素组成的分析结果,所以在线分析不纯碳酸盐的碳氧同位素组成是可行的,在线分析不纯碳酸盐样品的碳氧同位素组成之前应先对样品中碳酸盐含量进行大致估计,根据碳酸盐含量高低来确定样品用量以达到最佳分析效果.     

汉诺坝-阳原火成碳酸岩成因探讨

大多数幔源硅酸盐岩浆都含少量碳酸盐岩浆,这些少量的碳酸盐岩浆在地幔演化中起了非同寻常的作用。本文报道了发现于汉诺坝、阳原地区新生代玄武岩中鲜见的火成碳酸岩。碳酸岩脉贯穿于玄武岩及其捕虏体橄榄岩,并导致橄榄岩强烈的碳酸盐化现象。碳酸岩脉主要由方解石组成(90%以上),岩石类型为方解石碳酸岩,含少量被裹挟的地幔橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石和尖晶石等矿物。碳酸岩化橄榄岩由原先的黄、绿色变为紫褐色,灰白色网状碳酸岩细脉穿插其中。碳酸岩脉和碳酸盐化橄榄岩的全岩稀土含量很低(∑REE=8.7×10-6～13.7×10-6),球粒陨石标准化REE模式呈LREE略微富集(～10×球粒陨石)分布模式,微量元素也只显示轻微富集(数倍于原始地幔),它们的δ13C均为负值(-11.2‰～-12.3‰),δ18O均为正值(22.0‰～22.6‰)。碳酸岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成均显示富集(87Sr/86Sr=0.7078～0.7079,143Nd/144Nd=0.5129,206Pb/204Pb=18.0,207Pb/204Pb=15.5,208Pb/204Pb=38.0)。由于碳酸盐岩浆喷出地表后易于风化,导致REE、微量元素和同位素组成明显偏离原生火成碳酸岩。但从张北少数新鲜碳酸岩所具有的原生火成碳酸岩的C、O同位素组成(δ13C=-5.7‰～-7.3‰,δ18O=8.5‰～10.1‰)特征,以及接沙坝碳酸岩的正εNd(5.3～5.5)为亏损地幔的特征,表明汉诺坝碳酸岩与玄武岩的同源性——它们都来自地幔。     

湘中锡矿山超大型锑矿床的碳、氧同位素体系

本文系统地研究了锡矿山锑矿床的围岩、蚀变围岩和热液成因方解石的碳、氧同位素组成。研究表明，相对于区域地层，矿区灰岩明显亏损^18O；围岩蚀变过程中，围岩的δ^18O值趋于减小并有明显的空间变化趋势。不同期次方解石的碳、氧同位素特征明显不同：成矿早期显示出深特征；成矿晚期方解石的碳、氧同位素组成呈正相关，为水－岩反应和温度降低耦合作用所致；成矿期后方解石的碳、氧同位素组成呈明显的负相关，这种方解石的沉淀介质成成矿流体明显不同。水－岩反应的理论模拟显示，成矿流体不可能为未经深部循环的大气降水；成矿流体中的可溶性碳以H2CO3为主；早期成矿流体的δ^13C、δ^18O分别为－6‰、＋10‰，晚期成矿流体的δ^13C、δ^18O分别为0‰、4‰。     

Iron isotope compositions of carbonatites record melt generation, crystallization, and late-stage volatile-transport processes

Carbonatites define the largest range in Fe isotope compositions yet measured for igneous rocks, recording significant isotopic fractionations between carbonate, oxide, and silicate minerals during generation in the mantle and subsequent differentiation. In contrast to the relatively restricted range in δ⁵⁶Fe values for mantle-derived basaltic magmas (δ⁵⁶Fe?=?0.0?±?0.1‰), calcite from carbonatites have δ⁵⁶Fe values between ?1.0 and +0.8‰, similar to the range defined by whole-rock samples of carbonatites. Based on expected carbonate-silicate fractionation factors at igneous or mantle temperatures, carbonatite magmas that have modestly negative δ⁵⁶Fe values of ~ ?0.3‰ or lower can be explained by equilibrium with a silicate mantle. More negative δ⁵⁶Fe values were probably produced by differentiation processes, including crystal fractionation and liquid immiscibility. Positive δ⁵⁶Fe values for carbonatites are, however, unexpected, and such values seem to likely reflect interaction between low-Fe carbonates and Fe³⁺-rich fluids at igneous or near-igneous temperatures; the expected δ⁵⁶Fe values for Fe²⁺-bearing fluids are too low to produced the observed positive δ⁵⁶Fe values of some carbonatites, indicating that Fe isotopes may be a valuable tracer of redox conditions in carbonatite complexes. Further evidence for fluid-rock or fluid-magma interactions comes from the common occurrence of Fe isotope disequilibrium among carbonate, oxide, silicate, and sulfide minerals in the majority of the carbonatites studied. The common occurrence of Fe isotope disequilibrium among minerals in carbonatites may also indicate mixing of phenocyrsts from distinct magmas. Expulsion of Fe³⁺-rich brines into metasomatic aureols that surround carbonatite complexes are expected to produce high-δ⁵⁶Fe fenites, but this has yet to be tested.     

Oxygen isotope thermometry in carbonatites, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain

Summary Crystallization temperatures of the oceanic carbonatites of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, have been determined from oxygen isotope fractionations between calcite, silicate minerals (feldspar, pyroxene, biotite, and zircon) and magnetite. The measured fractionations have been interpreted in the light of late stage interactions with meteoric and/or magmatic water. Cathodoluminescence characteristics were investigated for the carbonatite minerals in order to determine the extent of alteration and to select unaltered samples. Oxygen isotope fractionations of minerals of unaltered samples yield crystallization temperatures between 450 and 960°C (average 710°C). The highest temperature is obtained from pyroxene–calcite pairs. The above range is in agreement with other carbonatite thermometric studies.This is the first study that provides oxygen isotope data coupled with a CL study on carbonatite-related zircon. The CL pictures revealed that the zircon is broken and altered in the carbonatites and in associated syenites. Regarding geological field evidences of syenite–carbonatite relationship and the close agreement of published zircon U/Pb and whole rock and biotite K/Ar and Ar–Ar age data, the most probable process is early zircon crystallization from the syenite magma and late-stage reworking during magma evolution and carbonatite segregation. The oxygen isotope fractionations between zircon and other carbonatite minerals (calcite and pyroxene) support the assumption that the zircon would correspond to the early crystallization of syenite–carbonatite magmas.     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of Newania Dolomite Carbonatites, Rajasthan, India: implications for source of carbonatites

The Newania carbonatite complex of Rajasthan, India is one of the few dolomite carbonatites of the world, and oddly, does not contain alkaline silicate rocks thus providing a unique opportunity to study the origin and evolution of a primary carbonatite magma. In an attempt to characterize the mantle source, the source of carbon, and the magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of Newania carbonatites, we have carried out a detailed stable carbon and oxygen isotopic study of the complex. Our results reveal that, in spite of being located in a metamorphic terrain, these rocks remarkably have preserved their magmatic signatures in stable C and O isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O variations in the complex are found to be results of fractional crystallization and low temperature post-magmatic alteration suggesting that like other carbonatites, dolomite carbonatites too fractionate isotopes of both elements in a similar fashion. The major difference is that the fractional crystallization of dolomite carbonatites fractionates oxygen isotopes to a larger extent. The modes of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O variations in the complex, ?4.5?±?1‰ and 7?±?1‰, respectively, clearly indicate its mantle origin. Application of a multi-component Rayleigh isotopic fractionation model to the correlated δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O variations in unaltered carbonatites suggests that these rocks have crystallized from a CO₂ + H₂O fluid rich magma, and that the primary magma comes from a mantle source that had isotopic compositions of δ¹³C ~ ?4.6‰ and δ¹⁸O ~ 6.3‰. Such a mantle source appears to be a common peridotite mantle (δ¹³C = ?5.0?±?1‰) whose carbon reservoir has insignificant contribution from recycled crustal carbon. Other Indian carbonatites, except for Amba Dongar and Sung Valley that are genetically linked to Reunion and Kerguelen plumes respectively, also appear to have been derived from similar mantle sources. Through this study we establish that dolomite carbonatites are generated from similar mantle source like other carbonatites, have comparable evolutionary history irrespective of their association with alkaline silicate rocks, and may remain resistant to metamorphism.     

Constraints on the application of carbon isotope thermometry in high- to ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic terranes

Nine marble horizons from the granulite facies terrane of southern India were examined in detail for stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in calcite and carbon isotopes in graphite. The marbles in Trivandrum Block show coupled lowering of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values in calcite and heterogeneous single crystal δ¹³C values (? 1 to ? 10‰) for graphite indicating varying carbon isotope fractionation between calcite and graphite, despite the granulite facies regional metamorphic conditions. The stable isotope patterns suggest alteration of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values in marbles by infiltration of low δ¹³C–δ¹⁸O‐bearing fluids, the extent of alteration being a direct function of the fluid‐rock ratio. The carbon isotope zonation preserved in graphite suggests that the graphite crystals precipitated/recrystallized in the presence of an externally derived CO₂‐rich fluid, and that the infiltration had occurred under high temperature and low f_O2 conditions during metamorphism. The onset of graphite precipitation resulted in a depletion of the carbon isotope values of the remaining fluid+calcite carbon reservoir, following a Rayleigh‐type distillation process within fluid‐rich pockets/pathways in marbles resulting in the observed zonation. The results suggest that calcite–graphite thermometry cannot be applied in marbles that are affected by external carbonic fluid infiltration. However, marble horizons in the Madurai Block, where the effect of fluid infiltration is not detected, record clear imprints of ultrahigh temperature metamorphism (800–1000 °C), with fractionations reaching <2‰. Zonation studies on graphite show a nominal rimward lowering δ¹³C on the order of 1 to 2‰. The zonation carries the imprint of fluid deficient/absent UHT metamorphism. Commonly, calculated core temperatures are > 1000 °C and would be consistent with UHT metamorphism.     

碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩矿物-水氧同位素交换反应动力学

对黑龙江碾子山碱性花岗岩的全岩及其主要单矿物进行了氧同位素分析，结果表明，全岩和单矿物不仅δ^18O 值变化范围较大（全岩－2．4－2．0‰，石英0．0－5．8‰，碱性长石－3．8－0．1‰，磁铁矿－8．5－1．0‰），而且强烈亏损^18O。共生矿物之间表现出明显不平衡的氧同位素分馏特征，指示在花岗岩侵位之后与水之间发生了同位素交换，根据锆石和现代大气降水的氧同位素组成，对岩石与外来流体的δ^18O值进行了估计，多维矿水－岩反应时限约为0．3－3Ma，水／岩比（氧摩尔比）介于0．11－1．02之间。水－岩反应温度较高（约400度）和反应时间较长是导致石英δ^18O值降低的主要原因。     

长岭断陷火山岩储层内碳酸盐矿物碳氧同位素组成及其成因

碳酸盐矿物是火山岩储层内重要的矿物成分,长岭断陷火山岩储层内的自生碳酸盐矿物主要是方解石.本文通过对营城组储层内方解石矿物的碳氧同位素特征分析,探讨储层内碳酸盐矿物成因.研究表明,长岭断陷火山岩储层内方解石δ13 CV-PDB值范围为-12.7‰～0.4‰,δ18OV-SMOw值范围为3.8‰～12‰,具有高δ18O值.与方解石平衡的CO2碳同位素计算值范围较宽,为-16.0‰～2.2‰,表明其形成物质的多源性.在δ18 O-δ13C图解中显示,形成碳酸盐矿物的CO2来源于幔源-岩浆无机成因的CO2和有机质演化过程中产生的CO2,以无机成因CO2源为主.这些无机成因CO2、有机成因CO2和沉积有机质热演化产生的有机酸溶于流体,形成酸性流体.火山岩储层中碳酸盐矿物的形成实质就是这种酸性流体与储层围岩反应的结果.     

大别山东南部高压—超高压变质岩的氢氧同位素地球化学

本文报道了大别山东南部安徽石马地区柯石英榴辉岩组合和黄镇地区石英榴辉岩组合的全岩及单矿物的氢氧同位素特征。石马榴辉岩的δ18O值在1.0‰～7.4‰之间,云母δD值为-76‰～-61‰;黄镇榴辉岩的全岩δ18O值为-1.1‰～-2.1‰,云母δD值为-89‰～-77‰。矿物之间的氢氧同位素分馏既有处于平衡状态者,也有处于不平衡状态者,反映这些岩石除继承变质前母体的18O亏损特征外,还经历了显著的同位素退化交换作用。石马和黄镇榴辉岩的矿物对氧同位素温度均给出两个峰值380～430℃与绿片岩相变质条件一致,600～640℃与高角闪岩相变质条件一致;给不出峰变质温度(750～800℃)是由于岩石经历了退变质流体的强烈改造作用。大别东南部高压-超高压榴辉岩的南部边界为石英榴辉岩与花岗片麻岩的界线,但氧同位素研究指示两者为原位接触关系。     

北淮阳新开岭地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和氧同位素组成

对大别造山带北麓的北淮阳新开岭地区岩浆岩进行了锆石阴极发光显微结构观察和SHRIMP法锆石微区UPb定年.在锆石阴极发光图像中, 一个花岗岩样品中的大部分锆石颗粒具有明显的初始岩浆振荡环带, 为典型的岩浆锆石, 少有蚀变的颗粒和/或区域; 而另一个花岗岩样品中的锆石虽然同样具有振荡环带, 但是大部分颗粒中心的初始岩浆环带被扰动, 指示这些锆石为岩浆锆石, 受到了较强的后期热液蚀变的改造.对锆石具有初始岩浆环带和溶蚀结构的区域分别进行SHRIMP法UPb微区定年结果表明, 这些岩浆岩的形成年龄为(820±4) Ma, 热液蚀变作用发生的时间为(780±4) Ma.新开岭地区新元古代花岗质岩石的形成和后期超固相热液蚀变作用分别对应于超大陆裂解之前的约830~795Ma岩浆活动和裂解过程中约780~745Ma的岩浆作用.单矿物激光氟化氧同位素分析结果表明, 这些岩浆岩具有非常低的δ18O值, 其中锆石为1.90‰~5.78‰, 石英为-2.88‰~-7.67‰, 斜长石为-4.01‰~-11.40‰.锆石和其他矿物之间表现出强烈的氧同位素不平衡, 而其他矿物之间则达到了氧同位素的再平衡.结合不同δ18O值锆石的内部结构特征, 认为该地区的热液蚀变作用为超固相条件下的高温热液蚀变.这一过程不但改变了石英等矿物的氧同位素组成, 同时也不同程度地改变了锆石的氧同位素组成, 所以这些样品中低δ18O值锆石可能是超固相条件下热液蚀变的结果.石英中具有异常低的δ18O值表明蚀变流体来源应为寒冷气候大气降水.所以, 新开岭地区亏损18O蚀变岩石的形成与裂谷岩浆作用和雪球地球事件相耦合的高温大气降水热液蚀变有关.      

Isotope and geochemical characteristics of rocks from the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing massif,Western Transbaikalia

We present the results of a study on gabbroic rocks, syenites, pegmatites, carbonatites, and hydrothermal products of the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing massif. The results include Nd and Sr isotope ratios; the isotope compositions of carbon and oxygen in calcite; oxygen in apatite, magnetite, and silicate minerals (phlogopite, titanite, diopside, amphibole, K-feldspar, and quartz); sulfur in barite; and hydrogen in mica. The isotopic data are close to the EM-1 enriched mantle values and confirm a comagmatic relationship between the gabbros and carbonatites. The binary plot ?_Nd vs. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr demonstrates strong differentiation between silicate rocks and carbonatites, as is the case with the other Late Mesozoic carbonatite occurrences of southwestern Transbaikalia. The oxygen isotope composition of all comagmatic phases also falls within the range of mantle values. A clear trend toward heavier oxygen and lighter carbon isotope compositions is observed in all successively emplaced phases, which is consistent with a trend defined by hydrothermal products formed under the influence of the parent magma chamber. Carbonates formed during the greenstone alteration of gabbroic rocks are enriched in the light oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O from ?2.8 to ?7.3‰), suggesting a contribution of vadose water.