黄骅坳陷三马地区中-深部储层成岩作用及主控因素分析

黄骅坳陷三马地区储集岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明，三马地区下第三系中深层储层主要处于晚成岩A期，成岩现象包括石英、长石的次生加大、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、矿物交代作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等。其中石英次生加大于2700m左右开始出现，随埋深增大，石英增生加强；长石次生加大现象不十分普遍；碳酸盐胶结作用包括早期自生泥晶方解石胶结作用、连晶方解石和晚期白云石(或铁方解石)的胶结作用。在扫描电镜下可见到方解石与含铁方解石集合体充填在粒间孔隙中或与石英、钠长石及粘土矿物共生，白云岩多呈菱形粒状分布于粒间；常见的交代现象主要有方解石交代长石、石英及粘土矿物，粘土矿物交代长石、石英等；溶解作用主要有长石的溶解、碳酸盐颗粒的溶解和方解石胶结物的溶解等，粘土矿物的转化主要为蒙脱石、高岭石向伊利石(或绿泥石)转化。还讨论了储层岩相、岩性特征、孔隙水中有机酸含量、早期方解石的充填、烃类早期注入等因素对储层成岩演化的控制作用。     

土壤菌与蒙脱石相互作用特性研究

为了探讨土壤菌与蒙脱石相互作用体系的特性,本文选取了11株吸附Sr2+效果较好的土壤菌株与提纯好的蒙脱石进行相互作用。通过对土壤菌与蒙脱石相互作用1d后培养液的pH值、葡萄糖(GLU)、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+等的变化测试,比较了土壤菌株与蒙脱石作用后的特性变化;利用XRD分析,对土壤菌作用后的蒙脱石层间距变化进行了初步研究。结果表明吸附Sr2+效果较好的菌株大多数消耗GLU,阴性菌占大多数;与蒙脱石作用1 d后,GLU消耗率提高。与蒙脱石作用后,溶液pH有所上升。离子溶出比例趋势:Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+。蒙脱石与土壤菌相互作用1d后,层间距都有所增大,层间距的扩增与GLU消耗呈现一定的关系。与革兰氏阴性菌相比较,革兰氏阳性菌与蒙脱石相互作用1d后,蒙脱石层间距的扩增较大。     

华北第三系潞王坟组膨胀岩主要造岩矿物鉴定及微观特征研究

华北上第三系泥灰岩和粘土岩都具有粘粒含量高及"半土半岩"的性质,具有遇水易崩解、膨胀的特性,呈弱~强膨胀潜势。以该区代表性膨胀岩为研究对象,通过X射线衍射实验(XRD)及电镜扫描(SEM)实验和能量光谱测试试验,分析膨胀岩土的造岩矿物的物质组成和微观结构特征。试验结果表明:泥灰岩含有非膨胀矿物方解石、石英、长石以及含有膨胀矿物蒙脱石、高岭土、伊利石等,矿物成分以方解石含量最高在38%~42%之间,其次为蒙脱石,含量在31%~35%之间。粘土岩同样含有以上矿物,但含量与泥灰岩有很大不同,粘土岩中蒙脱石含量35%~40%之间,而方解石的含量只有10%,远低于30%石英的含量。微观结构观察显示,泥灰岩中有少量方解石结晶体,局部富集半结晶的方解石,岩石中的粘土矿物呈层状局部褶曲,有溶蚀边,微细裂缝及孔洞少,而粘土岩中在电镜下未见方解石晶体,粘土矿物有大量褶曲,含大量微细裂缝及孔洞。     

基于反向地球化学模拟的地下水形成作用: 以安徽省泗县为例

在了解安徽省泗县水文地质条件基础上,分析了区域水文地球化学特征及类型,探讨了其空间分布特征。根据开采条件下的地下水动力场条件,选择了3条模拟路径,采用PHREEQC软件进行了水文地球化学模拟研究,定量分析了地下水的形成机理及演化。结果表明,路径Ⅰ发生了岩盐、石膏以及伊利石的溶解,高岭土、石英、白云石、萤石发生了沉淀;钙蒙脱石、方解石不参与反应,NaX解吸,CaX_2被吸附;路径Ⅱ发生了岩盐、石膏、伊利石、石英等的溶解以及钙蒙脱石、方解石的沉淀,NaX解吸,CaX_2被吸附;路径Ⅲ发生的反应基本与路径Ⅰ相同,不同之处在该路径上的白云石发生了溶解,其原因可能是地下水在径流过程中溶解CO_2,使其继续溶解白云石以及受沉淀滞后的影响。研究结果表明地下水开采条件下,泗县地下水化学组分主要受到了岩盐和石膏等矿物的溶解作用、钙钠离子交换作用以及钙蒙脱石、方解石沉淀作用的控制。     

蒙脱石提纯研究进展

总结了蒙脱石的各种提纯方法及其试验原理和提纯分离效果。主要涉及重力选矿、水力分析、絮凝法、离心分离和化学提纯。对电泳法提纯作了简介。研究证实，与蒙脱石粒度相近的方石英和石英微粒等杂质很难去除。氢氧化钠溶蚀法会对蒙脱石、石英和方石英同时产生溶蚀，引入新的物相杂质。     

降尘矿物在柠檬酸中的溶出顺序研究

针对自然降尘进行的物相、成分分析表明该降尘的物相组成非常复杂,以石英、方解石、钠长石、白云石、云母为主要物相成分。为探讨降尘中矿物在有机酸中的溶解情况,进一步揭示其对人体的危害程度。本文以西宁降尘为研究对象,并选择柠檬酸为代表有机酸,分别用XRD、FTIR及ICP-AES等方法对柠檬酸处理前后降尘的残余固体及反应上清液进行分析。结果表明,降尘中方解石在经柠檬酸作用10 min后完全溶解,白云石在16 h内基本溶解完全,根据红外分析结果,Si—O、Al—O结构未发生明显破坏。然而,溶出元素结果显示,Al、Si的溶出量随着溶解时间的增长而缓慢增加,说明柠檬酸对Si—O四面体及Al—O八面体也造成了一定的破坏作用。通过分析降尘中3种难溶矿物在相同条件下的溶解速率可以得出,在整个溶解过程中,钠长石的溶解速率高于绢云母,而石英的溶解速率在不同的溶解时间有着较大的差异。根据3种纯矿的溶解速率推断三者的溶解顺序,钠长石明显先于云母溶解,石英的溶解先后顺序还有待进一步研究。通过降尘及纯矿在柠檬酸中溶解过程中不同时刻的元素溶出比例及矿物溶出速率可以得出除石英外4种主要矿物的溶解顺序为:方解石,白云石,钠长石,绢云母。     

青藏高原土壤中链霉菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性研究

对从青藏高原采集的土壤样品中的链霉菌进行了分离鉴定,并对其抗菌活性进行了研究. 结果表明：11份土样中分离出菌落形态特征明显不同的链霉菌相似菌株151株,对其中43株进行了16S rDNA测序分析,41株菌株与已知链霉菌的相似性在99%以上,确定为链霉菌属（Streptomyces）菌种,而菌株WDL-DM-5和TTH-DM-1与已知链霉菌的序列相似性分别为90.76%和95%. 抗菌试验表明,68株链霉菌对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌有抗性,其中41株菌对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌都有明显拮抗性,表明青藏高原土壤中存在强拮抗性的链霉菌.     

使用微观试验确定软土中晶质矿物的类型与含量

土中矿物成分的类型与含量是软土物理力学性质研究的基础,可以使用微观试验进行研究。本次研究以上海软土为例,使用X射线荧光（XRF）分析得到土中不同元素的含量,使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析和XRF分析得到了晶质矿物的类型,根据元素含量和矿物类型得到不同矿物的含量,对不同土层中矿物含量的分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,上海软土主要矿物中的元素为O,Si,Al,Fe,C,K,Mg,Ca和Na;所有土层中,元素含量最多的是O,其次是Si,主要矿物成分为石英、钠长石、方解石、白云石、伊利石、鲕绿泥石和黑云母,石英的含量最高、含量为35.8%~50.8%,其它矿物的含量均不超过21%;黏性土中,元素Al要略多于砂性土或粉性土,伊利石和鲕绿泥石含量明显高于砂性土或粉性土,钠长石和方解石含量要明显小于砂性土或粉性土。研究结果对从微观上研究不同土的物理力学性质有一定的参考价值。     

滇西富碱斑岩中特殊包体岩石的流体包裹体幔源不混溶特征

滇西地区沿金沙江-哀牢山断裂带产出了一套新生代富碱斑岩,其中发现了与镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石共生的含石英的方解石包晶(体)、石英钠长石伟晶岩包体和含玻璃包裹体的纯石英包晶(体)以及富铁熔浆包体.流体包裹体地球化学研究表明,该四类特殊包体的形成与富含CO2流体持续减压而造成的不混溶作用有关;而玻璃包裹体与水溶液包裹体以...     

人工回灌条件下多组分溶质的反应迁移模拟

人工回灌技术在我国水资源管理中占据重要地位,但是其实施对地下水环境质量也造成了较大的影响。如何保障人工回灌条件下地下水环境质量的安全稳定性,已成为人工回灌技术发展的瓶颈。以上海市某人工回灌试验场为例,结合试验场的地质、水文地质勘探结果,以TOUGHREACT为数值模拟平台,模拟预测人工回灌条件下地下水中多组分溶质的迁移转化过程。模拟结果表明：地下水化学成分主要受混合作用、阳离子交换吸附作用及含水层矿物相溶解-沉淀作用等影响;含水介质中石英、白云石、钾长石、钠长石及蒙脱石发生溶解,方解石发生沉淀,伊利石与高岭石则先溶解后沉淀,但各矿物相反应量极其微弱;按不同压力方案回灌,水位恢复速率随压力增大而加快,但地下水中化学成分变化趋势几乎不受压力影响。     

北京永定河(官厅-三家店)水体有毒有机污染物的致突变性研究

于1999年7月采样对北京西南永定河（官厅－三家店）水体进行了有毒有机物污染状的研究。水中有机物通过XAD－2树脂进行富集，沉积物样品经冷冻干燥和素氏提取后，用于Ames实验。结果表明，永定河已受到了相当程度的污染，但静止水体（水库大坝和三家店）未表现出致突变性，流动水体（八号桥和雁翅）具有较强的致突变性，最上游的八号桥点致突变性最强，沉积物样品的致突变性表现出几乎与此相反的规律，但除雁翅点样品对TA100菌株外，所有样品都表现出较强的致突变性。表明水库已成为污染物的储藏库并对下游造成二次污染，应引起有关部门的重视。     

Petrology of Granulites from Anakapalle--Evidence for Proterozoic Decompression in the Eastern Ghats, India

The granulite complex at Anakapalle, which was metamorphosedat 1000 Ma, comprises orthopyroxene granulites, leptynite, khondalite,mafic granulites, calc-silicate rock, spinel granulites, andtwo types of sapphirine granulites—one quartz-bearingand migmatitic and the other devoid of quartz and massive. Reactiontextures in conjunction with mineral-chemical data suggest severalcontinuous and discontinuous equilibria in these rocks. In orthopyroxenegranulites, dehydration-melting of biotite in the presence ofquartz occurred according to the reaction biotite+quartz= garnet (Py₃₇)+K-feldspar+orthopyroxene + liquid. Later, this garnet broke down by the reaction garnet (Py₃₇)+quartz= orthopyroxene + plagioclase. Subsequently, coronal garnet (Py₃₀) and quartz were producedby the same reaction but proceeding in the opposite direction.In spinel granulites, garnet (Py₄₂) and sillimanite were producedby the breakdown of spinel in the presence of quartz. In thetwo types of sapphirine granulites, garnet with variable pyropecontent broke down according to the reaction garnet = sapphirine + sillimanite + orthopyroxene. The highest pyrope content (59 mol %) was noted in garnets fromquartz-free sapphirine granulites compared with the quartz-bearingone (53 mol % pyrope). The calculated positions of the mineralreactions and diserete P-T points obtained by thermobarometrydefine a retrograde P-T trajectory during which a steep decompressionof 1.5 kbar from P-T_max of 8 kbar and 900C was followed bynear-isobaric cooling of 300C. During this decompression, garnetwith variable pyrope contents in different rocks broke downon intersection with various divariant equilibria. Near-isobariccooling resulted in the formation of coronal garnet around second-generationorthopyroxene and plagioclase replacing earlier porphyroblasticgarnet in orthopyroxene granulites. It has been argued thatthe deduced P-T trajectory originated in an extensional regimeinvolving either a crust of near-normal thickness of a slightlyoverthickened crust owing to magmatic underaccretion.     

Thermobarometry, Geochronology and the Interpretation of P-T-t Data in the Britt Domain, Ontario Grenville Orogen, Canada

Textural evidence, thermobarometry, and geochronology were usedto constrain the pressure-temperature-time (P—T—t)history of the southern portion of the Britt domain in the CentralGneiss Belt, Ontario Grenville Province. Typical metapeliticassemblages are quartz+plagioclase+ biotite + garnet + kyanite alkali feldspar sillimanite rutile ilmenite staurolite gahnite muscovite. Metatonalitic assemblages have quartz+ plagioclase + garnet biotite + hornblende + rutile + ilmenite.Metagabbroic rocks contain plagioclase + garnet + clinopyroxene+ biotite + ilmenite hornblende rutile quartz. Notabletextural features include overgrowths of sillimanite on kyaniteand of spinel on staurolite. The spinel overgrowths can be modeledby the breakdown of staurolite via the reaction Fe-staurolite= hercynite +kyanite + quartz + H₂O. The decomposition of stauroliteto her-cynite has a steep dP/dT slope and constrains the lateprograde path of a staurolite metapelite. Garnet—Al₂SiO₅—plagioclase—quartz(GASP) barometry applied to metapelitic garnets that preservecalcium zoning reveals a pressure decrease from 11 to 6 kbat an assumed temperature of 700 C. Garnet—plagioclase—ilmenite—rutile—quartzand garnet—clinopyroxene—plagioclase—quartzbarometry is in good agreement with pressures obtained withthe GASP barometer. Geochronologic data from garnet, allanite,and monazite in metapelitic rocks give ages that fall into twogroups, 1–4 Ga and 1.1 Ga, suggesting the presence ofat least two metamorphic events in the area. It is most reasonableto assign the 1.4 Ga age to the high-pressure data and the 1.1Ga age to the lower-pressure data. Collectively the P—T—tdata indicate a complex and protracted history rather than asingle cycle of burial and uplift for this part of the GrenvilleProvince.     

Staurolite Stability in a Part of the System Fe-Al-Si-O-H

The following reactions, believed to be analogous to those whichdefine the maximum extent of staurolite-quartz compatibilityat moderate oxygen fugacity in metamorphic rocks, have beendetermined in terms of hydrous fluid pressure and temperature.The O: H composition ratio of the fluid was controlled withthe quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) buffer assemblage. (I) Fe-staurolitequartz almandine+sillimanite+water. (II) Fe-staurolitequartz Fe-cordierite+sillimanite+water. (III) Fe-chloritoid+sillimanite Fe-staurolite+quartz+water. In addition, two reactions which delineate part of the stabilitylimits of Fe-cordierite have been investigated: (IV) Fe-cordierite almandine+sillimanite+quartz. (V) Fe-cordierite hercynite+sillimanite+quartz. The experimental information has been used to predict boundariesto the PT fields of all quartz and QFM-buffered fluid-bearingassemblages involving Fe-staurolite, Fe-cordierite, Fe-chloritoid,almandine, and sillimanite. Using information from this andother studies, three mineral assemblages are recognized whichare stable at similar temperatures but different fluid pressures.In order of decreasing pressure they are: (a) Above 5 kb: staurolite, quartz, kyanite, fluid; (b) Between 1.5 and 8.5 kb (outer limits; in natural rocks thisfield will have a much narrower pressure range) staurolite,quartz, cordierite, fluid. (c) Below 3.5 kb: Fe-cordierite, andalusite, fluid of oxygenfugacity equivalent to the quartz-fayalite-magnetite assemblage. These phase assemblages may be the equivalents of naturallyoccurring mineral facies, but this must be proven in the field.In addition the absence of cordierite from rocks of appropriatecomposition and temperature of formation betokens total pressuresgreater than 3–5 kb. ¹Present address: Grant Institute of Geology, West Mains Road, Edinburgh 9, Scotland.     

冀北水泉沟-后沟偏碱性侵入杂岩体的成矿特征

水泉沟-后沟偏碱性侵入杂岩体地处河北省崇礼-赤城地区,是我国唯一在碱性-偏碱性侵入杂岩体内发现许多具有工业意义金矿床的地区.偏碱性侵入杂岩体的展布受尚义-崇礼-赤城东西向深断裂控制,杂岩体主要由正长岩类、碱性正长岩类、二长岩类以及石英二长岩等岩石组成.综合岩石和矿床的常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及铅同位素等特征,表明偏碱性侵入杂岩体是深部壳幔混合作用形成的;且金矿床的形成与偏碱性侵入杂岩体是密切相关的.成矿作用在偏碱性侵入杂岩体的东部与西部有所不同,西部多以石英脉、石英细脉、网脉型为主,围岩以正长岩、石英二长岩为主;东部则多为石英细网脉和破碎蚀变岩型,围岩主要是碱长正长岩、正长岩.金矿床受控于尚义-崇礼-赤城东西向深断裂的次一级东西向构造和南北向构造,赋矿部位主要在两组构造的交汇部位.     

Intersecting Isograds in the Whetstone Lake Area, Ontario

Pelitic and calcareous rocks in the Whetstone Lake area havean unusually wide range of chemical composition. Metamorphicreactions have been deduced that represent the observed ‘discontinuities’in compatible mineral assemblages, and by plotting the reactantand the product assemblage of each reaction on a map, metamorphicisograds have been delincated ‘from both sides’.For the pelitic rocks, successively higher-grade isograds arebased on the following reactions: (1)chlorite+muscovite+garnetstaurolite+biotite+quartz+water; (2) chlorite+muscovite+staurolite+quartz kyanite+biotite+water; (3) kyanitesillimanite; (4)staurolite+museovite+quartzsillimanite+garnet+biotite+water. A fifth isograd, based on the reaction (5) biotite+calcite+quartzCa-amphibole+K-feldspar+carbon dioxide+water intersects the isograds based on reactions (2), (3), and (4)in such a manner as to indicate that the H₂O/CO₂ fugacity ratiowas significantly higher in the vicinity of a granite plutonthan in the metasedimentary rocks remote from the pluton. Chemicalanalyses of the coexisting minerals in reaction (5) indicatethat the real reaction may involve plagioclase, epidote, sphene,and Fe-Ti oxides as well.     

Wollastonite--Scapolite Assemblages as Indicators of Granulite Pressure-Temperature-Fluid Histories: The Rauer Group, East Antarctica

Mid-Proterozoic ( 1000 Ma) granulite facies calc-silicates fromthe Rauer Group, East Antarctica, contain grossular-wollastonite-scapolite-dinopyroxene( + quartz or calcite) assemblages which preserve symplectiteand corona textures typically involving the growth of secondarywollastonite. The textures include (1) wollastonite rims betweenquartz and calcite; (2) wollastonite-plagioclase rims and intergrowthsbetween quartz and scapolite; (3) wollastonite-scapolite-clinopyroxeneinter-growths replacing grossular; and (4) wollastonite-plagioclasesymplectites replacing grossular or earlier symplectites (3). Reactions between grossular, scapolite, wollastonite, calcite,quartz, anorthite, and vapour, have been modelled in the CaO-Al₂O₃SiO₂-H₂O-CO₂and more complex systems using the internally consistent data-setof Holland & Powell (1990). Reactions producing scapoliteand wollastonite consume vapour as temperature increases (i.e., carbonation), in agreement with the results of Moecher &Essene (1990). These calc-silicates can therefore behave asfluid sinks under high-grade conditions. Conversely, they maybe important fluid sources on cooling and contribute to theformation of post-metamorphic CO₂rich fluid inclusions in isobaricallycooled granulites. P-T-_CO2 diagrams calculated for typical phase compositions (e.g., garnet, scapolite) demonstrate that the observed texturesare a record of near-isothermal decompression at 800–850 C, consistent with P—rpath determinations based on otherrock types from the Rauer Group. For example, texture (2) resultsfrom crossing the reaction Scapolite + Quartz = Wollastonite + Plagioclase + V on decompression, at 6. 5–7 kb, 820 C, and a_CO2 of0–4–0–5. Furthermore, correlations betweenmodes of product phases (e. g., wollastonitexlinopyroxene) andreactant garnet composition preclude open-system behaviour inthe formation of these textures, consistent with post-peak vapour-absentreactions such as Grossular + Calcite + Quartz = Wollastonite + Scapolite occurring on decomposition at high temperatures (>800C). Reaction textures developed in calc-silicates from other granuliteterranes often involve the formation of grossular ( + quartz calcite) as rims on wollastonite-scapolite, or replacementof wollastonite by calcite-quartz. These textures have developedprincipally in response to cooling below 780–810 C andmay be signatures of near-isobaric cooling. Infiltration ofhydrous fluid is not a necessary condition for the productionof garnet coronas in wollastonite-scapolite granulites. ^*Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, University ofMelbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组重力流致密储层成岩作用及物性演化

成岩作用及物性演化的研究对致密砂岩储层和致密油开发具有重要意义.综合利用岩石铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X衍射分析、流体包裹体分析等测试手段,对研究区致密储层进行详细研究.研究表明:深水重力流砂体粒度细,孔喉组合以细孔-微喉型为主,物性差,是一套典型的特低渗透储层;目前正处于中成岩B期,其成岩演化序列为:机械压实作用/方解石胶结→凝灰物质水解蚀变/云母水化/伊利石胶结/绿泥石胶结/石英溶蚀→早期长石溶蚀/石英加大/碳酸盐灰泥重结晶/早期碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀→晚期长石溶蚀→铁方解石胶结,成岩环境主要经历了碱性→酸性→弱碱性的转换过程;距今约99~118 Ma的早白垩世,研究区储层发生了连续的2期油气充注;储层物性演化史表明早成岩期储层的成岩作用对储层物性影响大,使储层已经致密化,研究区具有先致密后成藏的特性.      

An Experimental Determination of Iron Biotite-Alkali Feldspar Equilibria

Experiments in the system KAlSi0₄-NaAlSi0₄-SiOj-Fe-0-H indicatethat approximately 20 mole per cent of sodium annite [NaFe₃AlSiO₁₀(OH)₂]can enter into solid solution with potassium annite. This substitutionreduces the biotite stability field. With excess alkali feldsparand no free quartz, the following reactions limit the biotitestability: Feldspar(s)+biotite feldspar(s)+magnetite+vapor. (1) Feldspar+biotite feldspar+fayalite+leucite+vapor. (2) Feldspar+biotite feldspar+fayalite+liquid+vapor. (3) Biotite feldspar+fayalite+nepheline+vapor. (4) On the QFM buffer (P_Total = 2 Kb), reaction 1 occurs at 685°C in the sodium free system and at 625 °C when twofeldspars are present; on NNO, it occurs at 630 and 590 °C.On the G-CH buffer, reaction 2 is stable at high temperatures(795–830 °Q and potassic compositions (), reaction3 at intermediate conditions (T = 740–95 °C; ) andreaction 4 at lower temperatures (710–40 °C) and sodiccompositions (). In the presence of excess quartz, reaction1 remains stable below the QFM buffer, but the reaction Feldspars)+biotite+quartz feldspars)+fayalite+vapor (5) is stable at higher hydrogenfugacities. On the G-CH buffer, reaction 5 occurs at 610 °Cin the sodium free system and at 595 °C when two alkalifeldspars are present. On the MW buffer, the temperatures are585 and 515 °C (M.I.). The experimental data presented suggest that biotite will notbe stable in the presence of granitic liquids at total pressuresbelow 4 kb, providing the fluorine and titanium content of thebiotite is low. They also suggest that gradients in the a£1S,l0 in a rock could produce variations in the biotite Fe/Fe+Mgratio and in extreme cases could result in the complete breakdown(decreased ) of biotite or its crystallization (increased )where previously there was none.     

Reaction Textures in a Suite of Spinel Granulites from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India: Evidence for Polymetamorphism, a Partial Petrogenetic Grid in the System KFMASH and the Roles of ZnO and Fe2O3

Spinel granulites, with or without sapphirine, occur as lensesin garnetiferous quartzofeldspathic gneisses (leptynites) nearGokavaram in the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. Spinel granulitesare mineralogically heterogeneous and six mineral associationsoccur in closely spaced domains. These are (I) spinel–quartz–cordierite,(II) spinel–quartz–cordierite–garnet–orthopyroxene–sillimanite,(III) spinel–cordierite–orthopyroxene–sillimanite,(IV) spinel–quartz–sapphirine–sillimanite–garnet,(V) spinel–quartz-sapphirine–garnet and (IV) rhombohedral(Fe–Ti) oxide–cordierite–orthopyroxene–sillimanite.Common to all the associations are a porphyroblastic garnet(containing an internal schistosify defined by biotite, sillimaniteand quartz), perthite and plagioclase. Spinel contains variableamounts of exsolved magnetite and is distinctly Zn rich in thesapphirine-absent associations. X_Mg in the coexisting phasesdecreases in the order cordierite–biotite–sapphirine–orthopyroxene–spinel–garnet–(Fe–Ti)oxides. Textural criteria and compositional characteristicsof the phases document several retrograde mineral reactionswhich occurred subsequent to prograde dehydration melting reactionsinvolving biotite, sillimanite, quartz, plagioclase and spinel.The following retrograde mineral reactions are deduced: (1)spinel + quartz cordierite, (2) spinel + quartz garnet + sillimanite,(3) garnet + quartz cordierite + orthopyroxene, (4) garnet+ quartz + sillimanite cordierite, (5) spinel + cordierite orthopyroxene + sillimanite, (6) spinel + sillimanite + quartz sapphirine, (7) spinel + sapphirine + quartz garnet + sillimanite,and (8) spinel + quartz sapphirine + garnet. A partial petrogeneticgrid for the system FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–K₂O–H₂Oat high fo₂, has been constructed and the effects of ZnO andFe₂O₃ on this grid have been explored Combining available experimentaland natural occurrence data, the high fo₂ invariant points inthe partial grid have been located in P–T space. Geothermobarometricdata and consideration of the deduced mineral reactions in thepetrogenetic grid show that the spinel granulites evolved throughan anticlockwise P–T trajectory reaching peak metamorphicconditions >9 kbar and 950C, followed by near-isobaric cooling(dT/dP = 150C/kbar). This was superimposed by an event of near-isothermaldecompression (dT/dP = 15C/kbar). The studied spinel granulites,therefore, preserve relic prograde mineral associations andreaction textures despite being metamorphosed at very high temperatures,and bear evidence of polymetamorphism. KEY WORDS: spinel granulite; Eastern Ghats; India; polymetamorphism; geothermometry; geobarometry Corresponding author