川西坳陷中段雷口坡组烃源岩评价及气源分析

在对川西坳陷中段雷口坡组烃源岩评价基础上,结合雷口坡组天然气地球化学特征与成藏地质条件分析,探讨了该区不同构造带雷口坡组天然气的气源及差异。烃源岩分析表明:该区雷口坡组烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅱ型,R_o大于2%,但有机质丰度偏低,w(TOC)平均值普遍低于0.3%,普遍未达到有效烃源岩,能为雷口坡组提供的气源非常有限。天然气组分分析显示:新场构造带雷口坡组天然气更富烃类组分,不含或含微量H_2S,而龙门山前构造带雷口坡组天然气更富非烃组分,天然气中H_2S体积分数为3.50%～9.97%,平均值为4.91%,属高含H_2S气藏。受雷口坡组烃源岩生烃有限与雷口坡组多套膏盐层封堵的影响,新场构造带雷口坡组天然气主要来自上覆须家河组烃源岩。龙门山前构造带雷口坡组气藏得益于沟通下伏海相层系的断裂与下伏发育的多套优质烃源岩,下伏海相层系为该区雷口坡组气藏提供了主要的气源。两构造带气源的差异导致了天然气组分特征的显著差异。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩体系沉积特征与天然气成藏潜力

鄂尔多斯中东部地区奥陶系马家沟组发育巨厚的碳酸盐岩与膏盐岩交互的沉积体系,但对其沉积发育的规律性及其内部天然气成藏聚集的基本地质特征尚未形成明确的认识。通过对奥陶系碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩体系形成时的构造与古地理背景、沉积特征、储层发育、烃源供给及圈闭聚集等方面的分析,形成新的观点与地质认识:(1)受盐洼周边古隆起影响,奥陶系碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系形成于与外部广海周期性隔绝的局限海蒸发环境,导致其岩性“相控”与“层控”分布特征极为显著;(2)首次提出“非层状沉积分异”的概念,并认为它是控制奥陶系内幕“溶孔型”储层发育的决定性因素;(3)受区域岩性相变及后期构造反转的控制,奥陶系盐下层系具有形成大区域分布的岩性圈闭体系的有利条件;(4)盐下层系虽自身的海相烃源岩生烃潜力有限,但由于燕山期东部构造抬升与西侧上古生界煤系烃源“供烃窗口”及膏盐封盖层区域性连续分布等要素密切配合,仍具有规模供烃、大区带成藏的潜力。     

四川盆地北部中二叠统茅口组孤峰段优质烃源岩特征及其油气地质意义

二叠系是四川盆地海相烃源岩发育的重要层系,对天然气勘探具有重要意义.基于钻井、测井与露头剖面资料综合分析,厘定了四川盆地北部重点钻井中二叠统与上二叠统界线,证实在盆地北部广泛发育茅口组孤峰段薄层状碳硅泥岩,揭示了孤峰段优质烃源岩分布、地球化学特征与发育环境,评价了其生烃潜力及成藏贡献.结果表明:①四川盆地北部孤峰段优质烃源岩厚度在5～40 m,呈北西-南东向带状展布,存在4个厚值区;②孤峰段烃源岩TOC整体极高、变化范围大,分布在0.5％～31.04％,均值5.08％,为一套优质烃源岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型,有机质成熟度处于成熟—过成熟阶段;③拉张构造背景下形成的台内裂陷深水沉积环境、强还原条件与高古生产力共同控制了孤峰段优质烃源岩发育与分布;④孤峰段优质烃源岩生烃潜力较大,生烃强度主要在5×108～25×108m3/km2,对研究区内海相常规天然气和页岩气勘探均具有重要意义.     

琼东南盆地深水区源—储共控的天然气成藏模式

琼东南盆地深水区天然气成藏过程复杂。通过开展区域构造—沉积演化、烃源岩—储层识别评价及油气运聚等多方法的综合性研究,明确了中央拗陷天然气来源、优势成藏组合及区带。研究表明,崖城组三角洲的发育规模及古地貌控制了煤系和陆源海相烃源岩的分布,形成了生气为主、油气兼生的渐新统陆源海相烃源岩;受早渐新世三角州分布、中中新世以来沉积充填速率及水深变化的控制,预测中央坳陷南斜坡及松南低凸起区优质烃源岩规模更大,且储层在相同的海拔深度条件下,相比北部陡坡带势能较低,油气输导能力更佳。深水区崖城组优质海相烃源岩、大型三角州砂岩输导体及低流体势区的耦合分布控制了天然气初次运移的优势方向,中央坳陷南部斜坡及低凸起是下一步大中型气田的突破方向。     

中国南方海相层系埋藏史类型与生烃演化模式

在漫长的地质历史中,中国南方海相层系经历了多旋回构造运动与强烈后期改造。印支运动以来,多期沉降与隆升及其地区差异性表现产生了"早降晚抬"和"早抬晚降"两大类6种形式的埋藏演化史类型。受埋藏史类型控制,南方各地区不同层系烃源岩的生烃演化史存在明显差异性。按生烃过程是否连续及成熟演化明显暂停前是否已达到或超过生烃高峰期,将南方海相烃源岩的生烃演化过程归纳为连续生烃模式、二次生烃模式和晚期生烃模式等3种类型。     

下扬子地区热历史与海相烃源岩二次生烃潜力

下扬子地区是中国南方海相油气勘探的优选地区,针对中、古生界海相油气勘探提出了“二次生烃,晚期成藏”的部署思路。通过盆地热史恢复获得热流史,然后正演计算烃源岩成熟度史,再利用实验模拟二次生烃量版,计算区内4套主要海相烃源岩的二次生烃强度。结果表明：(1) 下扬子地区苏北、苏南、皖南地区具有不同的热演化史;(2) 二叠系和下三叠统烃源岩具有好的二次生烃潜力(150～300 mg/g),志留系烃源岩有一定的二次生烃潜力(约为120 mg/g),寒武系烃源岩几乎不具有二次生烃能力;(3) 平面上,苏南、皖南地区的二次生烃条件整体上不利,苏北各凹陷区4套海相烃源岩二次生烃强度明显大于苏南和皖南地区。     

川东北地区海相深层多源生烃动态转化机制——以普光气田为例

海相碳酸盐岩层系深层-超深层油气形成机制是石油地质学研究的热点和难点。以川东北普光气田为例,通过烃源(岩)评价及其与原油、储层沥青和天然气之间的地球化学对比、油气藏形成演化与保存过程分析,结合不同类型天然气组分、流体包裹体以及多种烃源生烃模拟等实验数据,对油气来源和成烃成藏过程进行了系统分析。结果表明,在多期沉积构造活动背景下,海相深层烃源岩系和主力产层均经历过高温高压环境与高热演化,形成了不同类型的干酪根、以分散和富集状态赋存的可溶有机质,以及以有机酸盐形式存在的不溶有机质等多种形式烃源,并普遍存在不同类型烃源、不同成因油气的连续或叠置动态相态转化,及其对油气成藏贡献的接替过程,呈现出"来源的多样性、转化的接替性、过程的多期性和成因的复合性"之油气形成演化特点,提出"多源生烃动态转化"是深层油气形成演化的主要机制,将烃源生气过程延续到更高的演化阶段,有利于深层-超深层条件下油气藏的再充注和聚集保存。     

济阳坳陷前古近纪烃源岩生烃潜力分析

济阳坳陷前古近系发育多套低勘探程度层系,下古生界寒武系—奥陶系、上古生界石炭系—二叠系和中生界都具有一定的生烃能力并可以提供油气资源。不同地质时期构造和沉积背景的差异形成了具有不同地球化学特征的烃源岩。本文综合地质资料、烃源岩热解和TOC分析资料、镜质体反射率资料、全岩显微组分分析资料、饱和烃和芳香烃色质资料等,系统分析了济阳坳陷前古近系烃源岩分布特征、地化特征和资源潜力。下古生界海相碳酸盐岩系烃源岩分布局限,有机质丰度较低,但类型较好,具有一定的供烃能力。上古生界煤系烃源岩分布范围广,有机质丰度较高,有机质类型相对较差,以生气为主,复杂的构造演化特征导致了这套源岩以二次生气为主。中生界发育了煤系源岩和湖相泥岩两套烃源岩,有机质类型中等,局部发育中等—好烃源岩,成熟度空间差异较大。总体来看,济阳坳陷三套前古近系烃源岩中,上古生界煤系源岩品质最佳,中生界次之,下古生界相对较差。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组天然气成藏特征及勘探潜力

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组沉积特征及源储配置关系的研究,分析了古隆起的演化对储层发育及天然气聚集的宏观控制作用,提出储层旋回性的发育及其与上古生界煤系烃源岩较好的源储配置关系,是形成多层系含气并在奥陶系顶部风化壳大面积天然气聚集的主要原因,同时认为下古生界海相烃源岩仍然具有一定的生烃能力,强调了奥陶系生成的天然气垂向或侧向运移对马家沟组中下组合成藏的重要性,预测中下组合中的构造-岩性复合圈闭勘探潜力大,是近期盆地下古生界海相碳酸盐岩勘探的重要方向和接替领域。     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷不同区带油气成藏期差异性及主控因素

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地典型富油气凹陷,利用烃源岩生排烃史模拟和储层流体包裹体分析,对凹陷内不同区带、不同层系油气藏的形成时期及差异性进行了系统研究。结果表明,研究区存在两期成藏:第一期为古近纪东营组沉积后期至抬升初期,第二期为新近纪明化镇组沉积末期,其中第一期为主成藏期。不同区带、不同层系油气充注成藏时期存在明显差异:第一期成藏范围广泛,在全区均有分布,第二期成藏则主要分布于近生烃凹陷区;中浅部层系多为第一期单期成藏,深部层系多为两期成藏,第二成藏期主要分布于深部主力生烃层系中。不同区带及不同层系成藏的差异性主要受控于烃源岩主生排烃期断层活动性和高成熟烃源岩的分布。     

Numerical basin modelling of the Sleipner field, North Sea

Both one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) basin modelling has been carried out in the Sleipner area in the North Sea. Thermal refraction by salt and more minor convection by fluid transport combine to provide a temperature regime which is hotter at the Sleipner East field relative to the Sleipner West field by approximately 5°C at the same sub-surface depth. These results are obtained only with 2-D modelling, and show that such simulations are necessary to explain the spatial variations of temperature distribution at the least. Modelling of hydrocarbon generation in the Sleipner kitchen shows that the source rocks are presently in a late gas generation state, and that a gas-condensate is to be expected in fields draining this kitchen. Such hydrocarbon phases are encountered in the Sleipner field, confirming that the model can simulate satisfactorily hydrocarbon generation in the Sleipner area.     

准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区清水河组成藏特征及模式

准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区位于中央坳陷莫索湾凸起上,紧邻盆地的主要生排烃凹陷,成藏条件优越。白垩系清水河组具有良好油气显示,盆参2井试油荻油流,该区为清水河组高效油藏勘探新领域。运用地质、工程、地震一体化研究技术,对莫索湾地区清水河组油藏类型、主控因素、成藏特征以及成藏模式进行了分析。莫索湾地区构造位置有利,深层油源断裂和浅层运移断裂发育且匹配良好,油藏类型为"泥包砂"型高效岩性油藏;同时,广泛发育水进型滨浅湖退积滩坝砂体,储层质量优良,物性随埋深增加变好。油气藏符合烃源灶+断裂泵+岩性体的"三位一体"成藏总模式,烃源灶是起点和油源,断裂泵是动力和通道,岩性体是载体和圈闭,三者共同控制了清水河组油气的生成、运移、聚集和成藏以及油气藏的类型和分布。     

Characteristics of the Middle Jurassic marine source rocks and prediction of favorable source rock kitchens in the Qiangtang Basin of Tibet

We have evaluated the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of Middle Jurassic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, Tibet, through a comprehensive study of samples from a large number of surface outcrops in different structural units, and from the Qiang-D2 Well in the southern Qiangtang Depression. Data that were acquired, including the depositional environment, thickness of sedimentary units, and organic geochemistry, are used to identify the principal controlling factors and predict the location of favorable hydrocarbon kitchens. The source rocks are mainly platform limestone of the Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation. This formation comprises a suite of intra-platform sag marls, micrites, and black shales that were deposited in a deep-water and restricted depositional environment. The marls form hydrocarbon-rich source rocks with organic matter that is mainly type II and in the mature to highly mature stage. In the Dongco–Hulu Lake and Tupoco–Baitan Lake deep sags, limestone also forms a medium-level source rock. In the Qiangtang Basin, limestone is the favorable source rock kitchen and is more significant in this regard than mudstone. The results provide important constraints on evaluating the hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic marine source rocks and for locating petroleum resources in the Qiangtang Basin.     

临清坳陷东部石炭-二叠系二次生烃差异性研究

受盆地多旋回叠加和反转演化控制,临清坳陷东部石炭-二叠系含煤系地层烃源岩经历了二次生烃过程,并在空间上表现出强烈的差异性。通过对这套烃源岩生烃史模拟结果表明,石炭-二叠系烃源岩于早中三叠世进入生烃门限,随后印支运动造成全区生烃中止,中新生代烃源岩再次深埋,发生二次生烃作用。不同井区二次生烃在时间和空间上存在差异性,洼陷带发育三个“二次生烃”阶段,生烃高峰期发生在新生代,凸起带发育两个“二次生烃”阶段,生烃高峰期发生在中生代,隆起区尚未发生二次生烃。二次生烃早期生成的烃类基本遭受破坏,晚期生成的烃类具备成藏条件,是勘探的主要目标。现今洼陷带烃源岩已进入成熟-高成熟阶段,成为晚期煤成气藏的气灶。     

Characteristics of Triassic Petroleum Systems in the Longmenshan Foreland Basin, Sichuan Province, China

The Triassic in the Longmengshan foreland basin is rich in oil and gas resources. Its reservoirs feature low-porosity, low-permeability, small pore throat, high water saturation, and strong heterogeneity. The existence of abnormally high pressure and various reservoir-cap combinations developed at different times provide favorable conditions for trapping oil and gas. Taking the theory of petroleum systems as a guide, and beginning with research on tectonics, sedimentary history, distribution and evolution of source rocks, reservoir evolution, hydraulic force distribution, and hydrocarbon migration, analysis and study of static factors like source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks, and dynamic factors such as hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation revealed the characteristics of the Upper Triassic petroleum system in western Sichuan province. The deepbasin gas in the central hydrocarbon kitchen of the Upper Triassic, structural-lithological combination traps on the surrounding slopes, and the structural traps of the Indo-Chinese-Yangshan paleohighs, are potential plays. The relatively well- developed fault zones in the southern segment of the Longmengshan foothill belt are favorable Jurassic gas plays. Pengshan-Xinjin, Qiongxi, and Dayi are recent exploration targets for Jurassic oil/gas reservoirs.     

Accumulation Mechanisms and Evolution History of the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,China

Solid bitumens were found throughout the carbonate reservoirs in the Puguang gas field, the largest gas field so far found in marine carbonates in China, confirming that the Puguang gas field evolved from a paleo-oil reservoir. The fluid conduit system at the time of intensive oil accumulation in the field was reconstructed, and petroleum migration pathways were modeled using a 3-D model and traced by geochemical parameters. The forward modeling and inversion tracing coincided with each other and both indicated that oils accumulated in the Puguang-Dongyuezhai structure originated from a generative kitchen to the northwest of the Puguang gas field. The deposition of organic-rich Upper Permian source rocks dominated by sapropelic organic matter in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, the development of fluid conduit system that was vertically near-source rock and laterally near-generative kitchen, and the focusing of oils originated from a large area of the generative kitchen, were the three requirements for the formation of the giant paleo-oil reservoir from which the giant Puguang gas field evolved. The Puguang gas field had experienced a three-stage evolution. The post-accumulation processes, especially the organic-inorganic interaction in the hydrocarbon-water-rock system, had not only profoundly altered the composition and characteristics of the petroleum fluids, but also obviously changed the physicochemical conditions in the reservoir and resulted in complicated precipitation and solution of carbonate minerals.     

塔里木盆地北部塔河油田原油分子地球化学特征及成因类型划分

GC、GC-MS、GC-MS-MS分析表明,塔河17区块各油藏原油饱和烃、芳烃生物标志物组成和稳定碳同位素特征具有同源性,即塔河原油来自相同的烃源灶（或烃源层）。然而,对原油物性特征、成熟度特征、生物降解特征及原油馏分碳同位素组成等的深入研究发现,塔河原油属于早、晚两次充注成藏:早期充注为一般成熟型原油,相当于Ro值0.70%0.80%成熟阶段的生排烃产物,遭受生物降解后具有重、稠油特征,主要分布在4、6、7区下奥陶统储层中;晚期成藏原油相当于Ro值0.80%1.00%的高成熟阶段的生烃产物,表现为正常油、甚至轻质油或凝析油,在塔河油田广泛分布,并可以与早期充注油藏原油的生物降解残留成分进行充分混合,呈现复杂的地球化学特征。      

准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及其对车排子凸起油气聚集的贡献

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树凹陷主要分布侏罗系、白垩系和古近系3套潜在烃源岩,其中侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,部分为Ⅱ2型,生烃潜力较高;三工河组烃源岩有机质丰度、类型明显偏差,生烃潜力较低;西山窑组泥岩有机质丰度较高,但由于受西山窑组沉积末期构造抬升导致地层剥蚀的影响,烃源岩厚度较小,总体上生烃条件较差;白垩系烃源岩在四棵树凹陷最大厚度可达300 m,处于低熟阶段,生烃潜力较小;古近系烃源岩有机质丰度较高、类型好,但成熟度偏低,生烃条件较差。侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩处于主要生油阶段;白垩系烃源岩已达到生烃门限,处于低熟—中等成熟阶段;古近系烃源岩成熟度偏低,目前仍处于未熟到低熟阶段。油源对比表明,四棵树凹陷北部斜坡及车排子凸起带原油主要来源于四棵树凹陷及沙湾凹陷侏罗系烃源灶,后期受到白垩系低熟油源灶的侵染,古近系烃源岩的油源贡献有限。     

Characteristics and Origin of Tight Oil Accumulations in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, North-Central China

The Upper Triassic oil accumulations in the Ordos Basin is the most successful tight oil play in China,with average porosity values of less than 10% and permeability values below 1.0 mD.This study investigated the geological characteristics and origin of the tight oil accumulations in the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Shanbei area based on over 50,000 petrological,source-rock analysis,well logging and production data.The tight oil accumulation of the Chang 6 member is distributed continuously in the basin slope and the centre of the basin.The oilwater relationships are complex.Laumontite dissolution pores are the most important storage spaces,constituting 30%-60% of total porosity and showing a strong positive relationship with oil production.The pore-throat diameter is less than 1 μm,and the calculated critical height of the oil column is much larger than the tight sand thickness,suggesting that the buoyancy was probably of limited importance for oil migration.The pressure difference between the source rocks and sandstone reservoirs is inferred to have provided driving force for hydrocarbon migration.Two factors of source-reservoir configuration and laumontite dissolution contributed to the formation of the Chang 6 tight oil accumulations.Intense hydrocarbon generation and continuous sand bodies close to the hydrocarbon kitchen are the foundation for the large-scale oil distribution.Dissolution of feldspar-laumontite during the process of organic matter evolution generated abundant secondary pores and improved the reservoir quality.     

河套盆地临河坳陷中-新生代烃源岩分布地震预测

河套盆地临河坳陷作为低勘探程度区,明确生烃灶分布是盆地油气勘探的关键任务。而该盆地钻井稀少,缺乏采样分析资料,严重制约着烃源岩早期预测。因此利用有机地球化学、地震沉积学和地球物理技术,综合预测了主力烃源灶的分布。研究表明,白垩系固二段及渐新统临二段发育低频-强振幅相和弱振幅-空白相两类偏泥地震相,低频-强振幅相发育范围广泛,对应有机质丰度较高的暗色泥岩,而弱振幅-空白相发育较广泛,对应有机质丰度较小的灰黑色、灰色泥岩;固二段最有利的半深湖相烃源岩呈“多湖”分布特征,而临二段半深湖相烃源岩集中分布于北东部;两套烃源岩厚度具有北厚南薄的特征,临二段烃源岩最厚可达700 m;综合评价分析认为固二段发育两个生烃灶,其中西南部的生烃灶面积大、有机质丰度高、厚度较大,是最有利的生烃灶;临二段在北东部发育一个生烃灶,面积大、有机质丰度较高、厚度大,可作为最有利的生烃灶。实践表明,该方法在稀井、少井条件下能有效预测主力生烃灶分布,对油气成藏认识提供重要参考,同时为低勘探领域烃源岩分布早期预测及评价提供了新思路和方法体系。