豫西北奥陶系马家沟组三段遗迹组构及沉积演化规律

豫西北奥陶系马家沟组三段碳酸盐岩中遗迹化石丰富。在对野外露头实地观测的基础上,利用室内切片、薄片分析等对研究区奥陶系马家沟组三段遗迹化石、遗迹组构及沉积演化规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)研究区奥陶系马家沟组三段共鉴定出遗迹化石类型7属10种。(2)根据遗迹化石的分子组成、产状、共生关系、丰度与分异度以及生物扰动的程度,结合沉积学特征分析,共识别出遗迹组构4种:Psilonichnus遗迹组构主要发育在潮上带与潮间带上部(高潮坪)低能的沉积环境;Thalassinoides遗迹组构代表潮间带中-下部和台内滩等高能沉积环境;Helminthopsis遗迹组构反映局限碳酸盐岩台地内的潟湖和开阔台地内的滩间海等较低能的沉积环境。Helminthopsis-Chondrites遗迹组构揭示开阔碳酸盐岩台地中滩间海-台内洼地等非常低能的沉积环境。(3)建立了研究区马家沟组三段的层序地层格架,并在层序格架内对遗迹组构和沉积微环境的演化规律进行了研究,解译出研究区马家沟组三段经历了两次区域性的海侵—海退;综合岩石类型、岩石序列组合、沉积构造、生物化石、遗迹化石组合、遗迹组构等资料,建立了研究区奥陶系马家沟组三段各遗迹组构与沉积微环境的三维相模式。这对研究华北奥陶系沉积环境与沉积演化具有重要的借鉴意义。     

坡折带对陆相湖盆辫状三角洲层序和沉积的控制——以准噶尔盆地东缘三工河组为例

通过对钻探、地震及露头资料的研究,将准噶尔盆地东缘三工河组划分为两个三级层序。在地震和测井剖面上识别出挠曲坡折带和断裂坡折带两种构造坡折带。坡折带对于研究区层序和沉积的控制作用主要表现为:对于层序,"径向沟梁辐射,纬向阶梯分布"的坡折带体系使得本区三工河底部低水位体系域发育,坡折带加强河道侧向迁移,削弱河道下蚀,增加准层序数量,坡折带高部位低水位体系域会侵蚀下覆地层;对于沉积,在精细开发区的三工河组识别出6种沉积微相组合,顺物源连井剖面上自下而上识别出3个沉积微相组合序列,陡坡区发育富河口坝三角洲前缘,缓坡区发育富河道三角洲前缘。     

贵州台地相区宗地剖面晚石炭世一早二叠世早期层序地层特征

应用露头层序地层学基本原理和方法，在详细的岩石岩相学、沉积学研究和精细的地层划分对比基础上，对贵州宗地剖面晚石炭世二叠纪早期地层进行了露头层序地层研究。研究表明，贵州宗地剖面晚石炭世一二叠纪早期地层至少可识别出6种主要岩相及11种具有不同环境意义的微相类型。宗地剖面晚石炭世地层可以划分出6个三级层序，二叠纪早期地层可划分出4个三级层序。笔者等阐述了沉积层序的各种界面的露头标志，探讨了三级层序和层序区域对比的基本特征。三级沉积层序在不同古地理单元和不同沉积环境中可以进行对比。三级层序发育TST和HST，LST不发育或难以识别。     

柴达木盆地东北缘大红沟地区古近系露头层序地层

通过对柴达木盆地东北缘大红沟剖面古近纪地层沉积特征的详细研究,识别出冲积扇相、辫状河相、湖泊三角洲相和湖泊相4类沉积相,整体表现为自下而上由粗到细、水深逐渐增大的退积序列.进一步详细的沉积亚相和微相分析、露头准层序叠置方式和水进—水退转换面的分析,在大红沟古近纪地层剖面上划分出6个三级层序和27个四级层序(准层序组),...     

苏里格东部地区奥陶系马家沟组马五_5亚段沉积相研究

本文以苏里格东部地区奥陶系马家沟组马五_5亚段为研究目标,根据岩性、沉积构造等相标志,以实测地层剖面、岩心观察、薄片鉴定等资料分析为手段,分析其沉积相特征。经过分析得出研究区发育碳酸盐岩台地沉积相,局限台地亚相发育在研究区的大部分地区,呈东北西南向线状发育,开阔台地亚相发育在研究区的东部区域,蒸发台地亚相的产物被剥蚀,并细分出七个沉积微相。     

豫北东姚一带马家沟组层序地层研究

中奥陶统马家沟组为一套海相碳酸盐岩地层.豫北东姚一带马家沟组出露较全,分布稳定,是进行马家沟组层序地层研究的有利地区.在系统研究野外实测剖面的基础上,根据8个岩性段的岩石组合特征、垂向变化规律,在区内马家沟组中识别出2个Ⅰ型层序界面和5个Ⅱ型层序界面,划分出1个二级层序和6个三级层序.通过讨论和分析该区马家沟组各级层序的特征,建立了东姚一带马家沟组的层序地层格架.结合层序地层特征分析,认为区内马家沟组的沉积环境经历了6次海进海退旋回.对区内中奥陶统马家沟组的层序地层研究,可以为研究豫北地区古生代的海平面变化提供参考.     

准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树剖面八道湾组扇三角洲沉积特征

在野外露头观察与实测的基础上,运用沉积学与层序地层的相关理论,对准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树剖面八道湾组沉积特征进行了详细研究。该剖面八道湾组为扇三角洲沉积,扇三角洲平原与扇三角洲前缘亚相均比较发育。运用层序地层学中基准面变化的原理,将八道湾组划分为2个长期旋回,并细分为3个中期旋回以及若干短期旋回。总结了露头区八道湾组A/S比值与地层叠加样式之间的响应关系：低A/S比值条件下,易形成连通性好的厚层叠加砂体,沉积微相类型较单一;中A/S比值条件下,易形成单层厚度较薄的、似毯状的、垂向上紧凑叠加的多层状砂体;高A/S比值条件下,泥岩更为发育,而砂体多呈孤立状,呈现厚层泥与薄层砂的沉积特点。通过详细解剖露头剖面八道湾组的沉积特征,最终建立了该区八道湾组扇三角洲沉积模式,为准噶尔盆地南缘扇三角洲油气储层的研究提供了借鉴。     

伊宁凹陷金鑫煤矿侏罗系露头剖面层序地层分析

以伊宁凹陷北缘霍城县金鑫煤矿侏罗系露头地层剖面为研究对象,采用层序地层学和沉积相分析方法,对其层序界面特征、层序的构成特征和沉积相类型进行研究.结果表明,侏罗系露头剖面发育冲积扇、辫状河、曲流河、三角洲和滨浅湖等沉积相类型;层序界面以侵蚀不整合面和河道强烈侵蚀下切面为识别标志.依据确定的层序界面,在八道湾组中划分3个层序、三工河组和西山窑组中分别划分2个层序.低位体系域主要发育冲积扇和辫状河沉积体系,湖扩体系域主要发育滨浅湖沉积,高位体系域主要发育三角洲和曲流河沉积体系.泥炭沼泽主要发育于湖扩体系域和高位体系域.     

豫北东姚一带马家沟组层序地层研究

中奥陶统马家沟组为一套海相碳酸盐岩地层.豫北东姚一带马家沟组出露较全，分布稳定，是进行马家沟组层序地层研究的有利地区.在系统研究野外实测剖面的基础上，根据8个岩性段的岩石组合特征、垂向变化规律，在区内马家沟组中识别出2个Ⅰ型层序界面和5个Ⅱ型层序界面，划分出1个二级层序和6个三级层序.通过讨论和分析该区马家沟组各级层序的特征，建立了东姚一带马家沟组的层序地层格架.结合层序地层特征分析，认为区内马家沟组的沉积环境经历了6次海进海退旋回.对区内中奥陶统马家沟组的层序地层研究，可以为研究豫北地区古生代的海平面变化提供参考.     

塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷西缘奥陶系柯坪塔格组下段海相砂岩准层序成因与意义

通过精细岩芯描述、单井沉积微相分析与地震相、测井相综合研究,认为在塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷西缘奥陶系柯坪塔格组下段顶部含油气砂体中,发育3种类型的准层序：①粒级由底部粗—中下部细—上部粗的、反映整体向上变浅的海侵滞留沉积—海泛泥岩—滨岸沉积准层序,羊屋2井5460~5468 m含油气段位于该准层序内;②粒级向上变粗的滨外泥岩—临滨－前滨沉积,顶部受风暴影响的准层序,跃南2井6503~6512 m含油气段位于该准层序内;③粒级向上变细的潮下带—潮间带沉积的准层序,吉南1井5465~5486 m含油气段属于此准层序。发育于羊屋2井中的第一种准层序内含油气砂体在时间上属于较早的准层序3,发育于跃南2井、哈得13井中的第二种准层序与吉南1井中的第三种准层序内的含油气砂体属于稍晚的准层序4。早期沉积的、发育于羊屋2井顶部的第一种准层序是有利储层发育段,该井区以北靠近柯坪塔格组下段顶面尖灭线附近的准层序3时期沉积的临滨相储层是油气聚集成藏的有利部位。     

高分辨露头层序地层学的研究基础──准层序的识别

以塔里木盆地西南缘下石炭统和什拉甫组为例，将微相分析及古生态分析应用于准层序研究之中。在此基础之上，分析沉积层序及其内部各体系域、各种界面的沉积特征。同时，根据准层序垂直叠加的特征来寻找沉积层序内部更高级次的旋回，以达到提高沉积层序的分辨率之目的，恢复该地区维宪期多级次古海平面变化特征。强调准层序分析是高分辨露头层序地层学的研究基础。     

藏北雁石坪地区中侏罗统玛托组高频层序及海平面变化分析

西藏北部雁石坪地区晚巴柔—早巴通期玛托组是一个以砂岩、泥岩为主夹少量灰岩组成的混积型陆棚环境的沉积。含有介壳的凝缩段、下超面及沟蚀面,它们是划分体系域的关键界面。体系域具有二元结构特征,即海侵—高水位体系域,且TST沉积旋回厚度>HST,准层序类型有3种,分别是以砂岩为主的准层序、以泥岩为主的准层序和以潮坪体系向上变浅的准层序,准层序叠置构成进积型和退积型准层序组。采用沉积体系分析方法,初步建立研究区玛托组相对海平面变化曲线,并与藏南及全球海平面曲线进行对比分析,结合碳、氧同位素和磁化率资料,探讨研究区晚巴柔—早巴通期玛托组海平面变化控制因素。研究认为全球海平面变化控制了雁石坪地区晚巴柔早期海平面变化,而班公湖—怒江逢合带向北俯冲构造活动引起的区域洋盆容积变化是晚巴柔晚期—早巴通期海平面变化的主要因素。     

湘西王村剖面寒武系花桥组浊积岩特征及其大地构造意义

湘西王村地区的寒武系代表江南斜坡相沉积序列，传统的下寒武统划分为杷榔组、清虚洞组；中寒武统划分为敖溪组、花桥组（下部）；上寒武统划分为花桥组（上部）、追屯组。其中，花桥组中浊流沉积发育，可识别出7次规模较大的浊流活动期，第一期浊积岩包括69个浊积序列，分别归属于11个副层序；第二期浊积岩包括37个浊积序列，分别归属于7个副层序。每个副层序的下部表现为近源浊积岩，上部表现为远源浊积岩，所代表的海水深度变化由浅变深。第一期浊流活动发生在海平面上升时期，形成三级层序的海侵体系域；第二期浊流活动发生在海平面较低、斜坡较陡时期，形成三级层序的低水位体系域。江南斜坡带中—上寒武世浊积岩频繁出现反映台地边缘深大断裂周期性活动强，断裂两盘升降差异运动显著。     

东胜煤田含煤岩系层序地层特征与聚煤规律分析——以东胜煤田阿不亥煤炭勘查区为例

研究区含煤岩系主要为侏罗系中统延安组,通过煤岩层研究和对比,认为延安组本身为一个完整的层序,可分为三个体系域、五个小层序组和18个小层序;体系域、小层序组和小层序之间的转换面是聚煤的主要层位。含煤地层可编号18层煤,其中可采煤层15层,根据层序地层分析和含煤岩系沉积特点,将含煤地层分为三个岩性段,5个煤组,相对应三个聚煤期和5个成因单元。该区的聚煤作用主要受到沉积环境、古地形和古构造的控制。     

准噶尔盆地中部2区块高分辨层序地层研究

根据沉积相序变化、准层序叠加样式、测井曲线特征,运用关键坡折带知识,通过伴生的低水位域底界面的识别及附近的超失、削截特征分析,仔细追踪和查明了准噶尔盆地腹部地区中部2区块9条关键界面.进行了侏罗系的高分辨层序地层的划分。研究表明C1井区J_1b_2-J_2t沉积时期可划分出8个三级层序,均具有完整的三分结构:LST、TST和HST;共划分出27个体系域,共识别出准层序组56个,准层序118个。单个层序的厚度105.6～176.8 m,平均140.7 m;单个准层序组平均24.9 m;单个准层序平均11.8 m。     

煤相参数在煤层层序划分中的应用——以新疆准东煤田帐南西矿区为例

运用层序地层学原理和方法,利用钻探和测井资料以及煤的显微组分和煤相参数分析,对新疆准东煤田西山窑组的层序单元进行了划分,特别对煤层中的准层序进行了确定。研究结果表明:西山窑组为 1个三级层序,并由低位、湖扩和高位体系域构成;在煤层中确定了水进型、水退型 2种准层序类型以及缓慢水进型准层序组和相对快速水进型准层序组;湖扩体系域由水进型和水退型煤层构成,高位体系域由水退型煤层构成;煤层煤相总体为干燥森林沼泽。      

Facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis in an intracratonic, thermal-relaxation basin: the Early Proterozoic, Lower Quilalar Formation and Ballara Quartzite, Mount Isa Inlier, Australia

The Quilalar Formation and correlative Mary Kathleen Group in the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia, conformably overlie rift-related volcanics and sediments and non-conformably overlie basement rocks. They represent a thermal-relaxation phase of sedimentation between 1780 and 1740 Ma. Facies analysis of the lower siliciclastic member of the Quilalar Formation and the coeval Ballara Quartzite permits discrimination of depositional systems that were restricted areally to either N-S-trending marginal platform or central trough palaeogeographic settings. Four depositional systems, each consisting of several facies, are represented in the lower Quilalar Formation-Ballara Quartzite; these are categorized broadly as storm-dominated shelf (SDS), continental (C), tide-dominated shelf (TDS) and wave-dominated shoreline (WDS). SDS facies consist either of black pyritic mudstone intervals up to 10 m thick, or mudstone and sandstone associated in 6–12-m-thick, coarsening-upward parasequences. Black mudstones are interpreted as condensed sections that developed as a result of slow sedimentation in an outer-shelf setting starved of siliciclastic influx. Vertical transition of facies in parasequences reflects flooding followed by shoaling of different shelf subenvironments; the shoreface contains evidence of subaerial exposure. Continental facies consist of fining-upward parasequences of fluvial origin and tabular, 0·4–4-m-thick, aeolian parasequences. TDS facies are represented by stacked, tabular parasequences between 0·5 and 5 m thick. Vertical arrangement of facies in parasequences reflects flooding and establishment of a tidal shelf followed by shoaling to intertidal conditions. WDS facies are preserved in 0·5–3-m-thick, stacked, tabular parasequences. Vertical transition of facies reflects initial flooding with wave reworking of underlying arenites along a ravinement surface, followed by shoaling from lower shoreface to foreshore conditions. Parasequences are stacked in retrogradational and progradational parasequence sets. Retrogradational sets consist of thin SDS parasequences in the trough, and C, TDS and probably WDS parasequences on the platforms. Thick SDS parasequences in the trough, and TDS, subordinate C and probably WDS parasequences on the platforms make up progradational parasequence sets. Depositional systems are associated in systems tracts that make up 40–140-m-thick sequences bounded by type-2 sequence boundaries that are disconformities. Transgressive systems tracts consist of C, TDS and probably WDS depositional systems on the platforms and the SDS depositional system and suspension mudstone deposits in the trough. The transgressive systems tract is characterized by retrogradational parasequence sets and developed in response to accelerating rates of sea-level rise following lowstand. Condensed-section deposits in the trough, and the thickest TDS parasequences on the platforms reflect maximum rates of sea-level rise and define maximum flooding surfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are progradational. Early highstand systems tracts are represented by TDS and probably WDS depositional systems on the platforms and suspension mudstone deposits in the trough and reflect decreasing rates of sea-level rise. Later highstand systems tracts consist of the progradational SDS depositional system in the trough and, possibly, thin continental facies on the platforms. This stage of sequence development is related to slow rates of sea-level rise, stillstand and slow rates of fall. Lowstand deposits of shelf-margin systems tracts are not recognized but may be represented by shoreface deposits at the top of progradational SDS parasequence sets.     

冀东柳赞油田古近系沙河街组层序地层及岩相古地理?

柳赞油田位于河北省滦南县与唐海县交界处,是冀东油田的主力油田之一。构造上处于燕山褶皱带前缘，渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的东部。受柏各庄断层活动及古斜坡地形的影响，该区古近系沙三段地层属于近源快速堆积沉积，分选差，成熟度低，岩相复杂，为典型的扇三角洲沉积。通过对沉积特征和沉积相带展布的分析，建立了工区扇三角洲的沉积模式。以层序地层学原理和方法为手段，应用测井和三维地震资料，通过不整合面、湖泛面等层序界面和沉积旋回的识别，将柳赞油田沙河街组地层划分为4个准层序组，12个准层序，建立了高分辨率的层序地层格架，分析了准层序在垂向上的叠置样式，把准层序组归纳为进积式和退积式两种类型，确定了优质储层在准层序和准层序组中出现的位置及分布规律。论文在分析沙河街组沉积时期古地形、古气候与古生态特征的基础上，应用砂岩厚度等值线图，恢复了柳赞油田古近系沙河街组岩相古地理面貌。研究表明，工区内发育扇三角洲前缘亚相，分支水道是主要的砂体微相，砂体沿北东－南西向延伸，与古物源方向基本一致。     

Evolution of an ancient (Lower Cretaceous) marginal‐marine system from tide‐dominated to wave‐dominated deposition,McMurray Formation

Regionally extensive parasequences in the upper McMurray Formation, Grouse Paleovalley, north‐east Alberta, Canada, preserve a shift in depositional processes in a paralic environment from tide domination, with notable fluvial influence, through to wave domination. Three stacked parasequences form the upper McMurray Formation and are separated by allogenic flooding surfaces. Sediments within the three parasequences are grouped into three facies associations: wave‐dominated/storm‐dominated deltas, storm‐affected shorefaces to sheltered bay‐margin and fluvio‐tidal brackish‐water channels. The two oldest parasequences comprise dominantly tide‐dominated, wave‐influenced/fluvial‐influenced, shoreface to bay‐margin deposits bisected by penecontemporaneous brackish‐water channels. Brackish‐water channels trend approximately north‐west/south‐east, which is perpendicular to the interpreted shoreline trend; this implies that the basinward and progradational direction was towards the north‐west during deposition of the upper McMurray Formation in Grouse Paleovalley. The youngest parasequence is interpreted as amalgamated wave‐dominated/storm‐dominated delta lobes. The transition from tide‐dominated deposition in the oldest two parasequences to wave‐dominated deposition in the youngest is attributed mainly to drowning of carbonate highlands to the north and north‐west of the study area, and potentially to relative changes in accommodation space and deposition rate. The sedimentological, ichnological and regional distribution of the three facies associations within each parasequence are compared to modern and Holocene analogues that have experienced similar shifts in process dominance. Through this comparison it is possible to consider how shifts in depositional processes are expressed in the rock record. In particular, this study provides one of few ancient examples of preservation of depositional process shifts and showcases how topography impacts the character and architecture of marginal‐marine systems.     

Application of sequence stratigraphic concepts to the Upper Cretaceous Tununk Shale Member of the Mancos Shale Formation,south-central Utah: Parasequence styles in shelfal mudstone strata

Although sequence stratigraphic concepts have been applied extensively to coarse-grained siliciclastic deposits in nearshore environments, high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis has not been widely applied to mudstone-dominated sedimentary successions deposited in more distal hemipelagic to pelagic settings. To examine how sequence stratigraphic frameworks can be derived from the facies variability of mudstone-dominated successions, the Tununk Shale Member of the Mancos Shale Formation in south-central Utah (USA) was examined in detail through a combination of sedimentological, stratigraphic and petrographic methods. The Tununk Shale accumulated on a storm-dominated shelf during the second-order Greenhorn sea-level cycle. During this eustatic event, the depositional environment of the Tununk Shale shifted laterally from distal middle shelf to outer shelf, then from an outer shelf to an inner shelf environment. At least 49 parasequences can be identified within the Tununk Shale. Each parasequence shows a coarsening-upward trend via upward increases in silt and sand content, thickness and lateral continuity of laminae/beds, and abundance of storm-generated sedimentary structures. Variations in bioturbation styles within parasequences are complex, although abrupt changes in bioturbation intensity or diversity commonly occur across parasequence boundaries (i.e. flooding surfaces). Due to changes in depositional environments, dominant sediment supply and bioturbation characteristics, parasequence styles in the Tununk Shale show considerable variability. Based on parasequence stacking patterns, eleven system tracts, four depositional sequences and key sequence stratigraphic surfaces can be identified. The high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework of the Tununk Shale reveals a hierarchy of stratal cyclicity. Application of sequence stratigraphic concepts to this thick mudstone-dominated succession provides important insights into the underlying causes of heterogeneity in these rocks over multiple thickness scales (millimetre-scale to metre-scale). The detailed sedimentological characterization of parasequences, system tracts and depositional sequences in the Tununk Shale provides conceptual approaches that can aid the development of high-resolution sequence stratigraphic frameworks in other ancient shelf mudstone successions.