地层学家张守信

张守信,男,汉族,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员(教授),祖藉河北静海县,1927年10月6日生于江苏徐州市,2006年8月31日病逝于北京。他是中国地质学会和中国古生物学会会员;曾任全国地层委员会地层分类专业组副组长,国际地科联(IUGS)国际地层委员会的国际地层划分分会(ISSC)个人会员和会员资格审查委员会五成员之一(1981~1992),国际第四纪研究联合会(INQUA)地层委员会亚洲及太平洋地区地层分委员会会员(1984~1988,1995~1999);曾受聘为地质矿产部第七个五年计划的“1:50000区域地质制图方法研究”项目顾问(1986~1990)和第八个五年计划的“全国地层多重划分对比研究项目专家;长期担任中国科学院研究生院兼职教授,讲授理论地层学与应用地层学(1981~2004)。     

云南晋宁梅树村剖面研究新进展

<正> 1984年初,我们曾将梅树村剖面近四十年来的研究成果作了系统总结 (罗惠麟等,1984)。同年1月,该剖面被国际地科联前寒武系-寒武系界线工作组表决通过为唯一的全球界线层型候选剖面,并提交国际地层委员会予以确认。为了进一步提高剖面的研究程度,1984—1986年间,我们着重在生物地层、岩石地层、同位素地质及磁性地层等方面加深研究,又取得了一批新成果,这些成果无疑将会使该剖面处于领先地位,现作一简单报道。     

云南保山地区的下石炭统

<正> 云南保山地区下石炭统及其生物群曾引起许多学者的兴趣(Reed l927;王鸿桢,1945;段丽兰,1973,1985;宋学良,1982;金玉玕、方润森,1983;杨宗仁,1983;陈重泰,1984;陈根保,1984;金苏华,1992),其主要原因在于丰富而特殊的生物类群,悬而未决的地层问题以及独特的生物地理位置。本文以4条剖面(图1)为基础,依据多门类的生物化石对诸如本区杜内/维宪阶界线、Siphonophyllia-Keyserlingophyllum(Humboldtia)动物群的时代、冷水(凉水)珊瑚动物群、岩石地层单位等问题进行讨论。     

五峰期上扬子海古盐度分析

<正> 上扬子区五峰期地层发育含笔石黑色岩系,五峰期上扬子区的沉积环境一直是研究者关注的焦点(穆恩之1954;穆恩之等1981;俞剑华等1984;戎嘉余1984;陈旭等1987;戎嘉余、陈旭1987;汪啸风1989)。五峰期上扬子区的沉积环境因素是多方面的,就水体     

新疆叶城县棋盘河区长城系的微古植物群

研究区属于塔里木地台西南缘铁克里克断块.由于本区处于昆仑山北缘,其地势高峻挺拔.长城系出露齐全.高振家等(“新疆区域地层表”,1981)将该套地层划为震旦系塞拉加兹塔格群和寒武系;方锡廉、马士鹏等(1980)曾将该套地层自下而上划分为两个组(卡拉克尔组、布卡吐维组),均属晚前寒武系的一部分.但上述划分仅限于岩石地层学方面的研究.作者等(1981)经实地踏勘后,采集了微古植物样品,经分析鉴定,发现了丰富的微古植物,并用生物地层的方法对该套地层进行了初步研究.本文将系统地描述该套地层的微古植物及其组合特征,它对地层对比和生物进化的研究都具重要意义.     

对“龙爪沟群”构造地层的新认识

<正> 黑龙江省东部龙爪沟群及其与鸡西群的对比研究已有30年的历史了。80年代出版了大量专著,地层古生物工作者对二个群地层划分和对比的方案逐步趋于一致(具然弘等,1982;顾知微,1982a;1982b,1982c,1983;顾知微等,1984;李尉荣等,1986;黑龙江省东部中生代含煤地层研究队,1986);90年代,沙金庚(1990,1991,1992)基于双壳类等古生物化石的新发现,提出将龙爪沟群和鸡西群时代修正为白垩纪或主要为白垩纪。作     

渤海湾西岸全新世地层的分段与划组

本文以岩性地层、气候地层(CaCO3含量、古温度和Rb/Sr比值等)、年代地层、沉积化学地层和生物组合地层等资料为基础,根据地层规范以及建组要求将渤海湾西岸全新世地层划分为3个组:独流镇组( Qh3 dl)、大黄洼组(Qh2dh)和西翟庄组(Qh1xz).其地层埋深界线及测年界线分别为:晚全新世独流镇组(Qh3dl)与...     

郑州全新世地层初探

<正> 郑州市区面积约970km~2,发育一套河湖相全新世地层。笔者在前人工作的基础上,将该套地层作了较为详细分层。文中化石由严富华、蓝朝玉、付茂兰(孢粉),王景哲(介形类),郭书元(腹足类),王新海(轮藻),鉴定,热发光测定(计风桔),~(14)C年龄由中国科学院贵阳地球化学研究所~(14)C组和中国社会科学院考古研究所完成。野外工作期间得到海贤智、袁宝玉等同志协助,在此致谢。     

皖南与湘西晚震旦世地层的划分与对比

<正> 中国南方晚震旦世地层,在斜坡—盆地相区,其上部有一套硅质岩,皖南称皮园村组,湘西及湘中称留茶坡组。长期以来,不少研究者都把这套硅质岩地层与灯影组对比,并以此来解释沉积环境及古地理。 笔者对浙西及皖南地区的晚震旦世地层进行了研究之后,曾对皮园村组的涵义作了修订,认为它仅相当于西峰寺组上段或灯影组上段(唐天福等,1981)。近几年来,笔者又     

《黔南二叠纪地层》公开出版

《黔南二叠纪地层》一书已由贵州人民出版吐公开出版．该书是在1984—1986年贵州石油勘探指挥部地质科研所完成由黄汲清教授提议，石油工业部下达的《黔南二叠纪地层研究》科研任务的基础上撰写而成．作者通过对黔南及其周缘地区的八条石炭一二叠系以碳酸盐沉积为主的地层剖面迸行综合研究，建立了以浮游型生物为主的多门类的生物地层层序，并运用现代沉积学等多因素概念进行地层划分．其主要内容为:     

浙江长兴地区二叠系与三叠系界线层型研究

<正> 中国南部二叠系与三叠系分界的层型剖面位于浙江长兴煤山(赵金科、盛金章等,1980)。在这个剖面上,1978年赵金科等把上二叠统的顶界确定在“未定名菊石带”,后经重新研究,又改归于下三叠统底部(赵金科、盛金章等,1980)。1980年5月,我们再度去上述界线层型剖面工作,在“未定名菊石带”同一层位详细采集化石,并到邻区安徽广德独山、江苏宜兴湖汷等地的相当层位调查,进一步证实在界线层型剖面上的“未定名菊石带”     

湖北黄石、浙江长兴煤山二叠-三叠系界线处火山物质及粘土岩成因探讨

本文对湖北黄石、浙江长兴煤山剖面二叠-三叠系界线附近粘土岩层作了碎屑物的分析和测试,并计算了它们的百分含量。与火山活动有关的碎屑主要有石英(其中含六方双锥状的β石英)、锆石、磷灰石、玻璃圆球、铁质圆球及火山灰等。有些样品中还有电气石、石榴石及锐钛矿等。笔者认为粘土岩层的成因是火山物质在海水中沉积蚀变而成。火山喷出口不在工作区内,生物绝灭的主要原因不是火山活动引起的。     

地层单位与全球界线层型:概念、术语、有关规定与研究实例

全球二叠系-三叠系界线(PTB)层型及点("金钉子")定位我国浙江省长兴县煤山D剖面,极大地推动了PTB及二叠系和三叠系研究进展。在简要介绍地层单位与全球界线层型与点建立的相关概念、术语和有关规定、地层划分的主要种类及其地层单位术语的基础上,以全球二叠系—三叠系界线层型及点(中国浙江省长兴县煤山D剖面)为研究实例,综述了该金钉子剖面牙形石生物地层和年代地层研究现状。煤山D剖面构建了目前全球最完整的PTB地层牙形石带序列,为研究二叠纪末大灭绝后生物残存和复苏过程提供了重要的时间坐标系,也为相关的地质事件研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

Remains of trilobites and other species discovered in a volcanic ash bed of the end-Permian,Yangtze craton,South China

The remains of trilobites and other species were unexpectedly discovered in a volcanic ash layer beneath the Permian–Triassic Boundary (PTB). Based on a biostratigraphic investigation of the Zhongliangshan section in Chongqing, South China, the quantity of the species gradually decreased with subsequent volcanism. This finding provides an opportunity to further understand the disappearance of trilobites and the evolution of the mass extinction event. The temporal coincidence between the volcanic eruption event and the loss of trilobites and other species supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. The species remains in the ash bed appeared before the disappearance of Clarkina yini and the climax of the negative carbon isotope excursion, which implies that the onset of the mass extinction occurred at the end-Permian. The explosive volcanic events caused massive releases of CO₂, toxic gases and volcanic ash and resulted in loss of habitat for certain species in the Tethys domain. This phenomenon may have led to the abrupt death of trilobites and the catastrophic collapse of biodiversity.     

Late Permian–Early Triassic environmental changes recorded by multi-isotope (Re-Os-N-Hg) data and trace metal distribution from the Hovea-3 section,Western Australia

The temporal coincidence between the Late Permian mass extinction (LPME) and the emplacement of Siberian Trap basalts suggests a causal link between the two events. Here, we discuss stratigraphic changes of organic and inorganic (including isotopic) geochemical properties of marine sediments across the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in the Hovea-3 core, Western Australia, a key PTB section in the southern Neo-Tethys ocean. These data are compared with published data from the Meishan section, southern China, and from the Opal Creek section in western Canada, providing a view of Tethys and Panthalassa changes at the PTB. Trace metal and N-isotopic data, together with organic matter properties suggest that anoxic conditions were established prior to the LPME, intensified close to the LPME, and continued with photic-zone euxinia into the Early Triassic. For the Hovea-3 section, Re-Os ages confirm Changhsingian (253.5 ± 1.4 Ma) deposition of the dated interval sampled immediately below the stratigraphic level characterized by major lithological and isotopic changes. Evaluation of Re-Os, N, and Hg elemental and isotopic data for Hovea-3 suggests that anoxic conditions in the latest Permian were generally unrelated to direct magmatic contributions. A major increase in the initial Os isotopic ratio of Lower Triassic shales suggest an ~8× increase in the Early Triassic continental runoff, based on moderately conservative assumptions for end-members contributing Os to the Permian–Triassic ocean. Comparison to other PTB sections confirms a global signal of increasing Re/Os ratios in the Late Permian, and major and long-lived changes in the isotopic composition of the post-extinction ocean. A distinct peak in Hg concentrations carrying a volcanic isotopic signature, also identified in other PTB sections, likely represents a major pulse of Siberian Trap volcanism. This Hg peak in the Hovea-3 section, however, is detected above the stratigraphic level containing multiple other widely recognized and more permanent geochemical changes. Therefore, direct volcanic inputs to the Permian–Triassic Ocean likely post-date the LPME in this Western Australian section.     

广西柳桥深水相二叠系/三叠系界线剖面有机碳同位素地层学对比研究及事件响应

研究了广西柳桥地区东攀剖面有机碳同位素的组成,并和浙江煤山剖面进行了对比。结果表明东攀剖面在1δ3Corg变化趋势上,既具有全球PTB剖面普遍存在的共性,又具有其独特性。在东攀剖面一个显著的1δ3Corg负漂移出现在事件界线(EB)之上和二叠系/三叠系界线(PTB)之下,这与煤山剖面具有相似性。显著的1δ3Corg负漂移指示了P/T之交生物绝灭后海水表层水原始生产率的降低以及大气和海水中CO2含量的增加,并得到放射虫绝灭事件、火山事件和海退事件的响应。煤山剖面1δ3Corg负漂移从第27层就开始向13C富集的方向恢复,而东攀剖面1δ3Corg在下Induan阶仍持续亏损,表明东攀剖面早三叠世的生物复苏明显滞后于煤山剖面的。     

桂西南柳桥地区深水相二叠系-三叠系界线剖面

桂西南柳桥地区上二叠统为厚约84m的浅灰—灰白色块状海绵蓝藻生物灰岩(生物礁),之上为浅灰绿色—暗灰色薄层状含远洋浮游生物硅质岩、含泥质硅质岩、硅质泥岩(大隆组),这套深水相的沉积岩夹有大量浅灰白色的粘土岩。上覆的三叠系罗楼组底部为黄色泥岩,夹多层灰白色粘土岩,往上渐变为灰色薄层状含大量双壳类、菊石化石的钙质泥岩、泥灰岩。柳桥地区晚二叠世末期沉积岩和中基性火山岩的特征显示其是在地壳裂解、快速沉降、相对海平面快速上升过程中迅速淹没台地边缘的生物礁而形成的深水相海盆,造成深水盆地与浅水台地并存,具有多岛洋的地理分布格局。东攀二叠系-三叠系界线剖面的露头完整,对剖面的岩石学特征、生物化石组合特征等方面的详细研究显示,该地区一直处于连续沉积的深水环境中,没有发生沉积间断,界线上下的岩石特征和生物组合特征较清楚。     

Significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Permian/Triassic boundary sections

In this study the abundances of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs Table 1, I–XXI) have been measured throughout three Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) sections from Meishan (South China), Kap Stosch area (East Greenland) and Peace River Basin (Western Canada). Dibenzothiophene (I) and dibenzofuran (II) were found to decrease in abundance just before or shortly after the P/Tr transition in all three sections while perylene (III) was observed to increase in abundance at the onset of the main extinction horizon (bed 25) in Meishan. Perylene has been attributed to a wood degrading fungal source and, therefore, it seems possible these phenomena are related to the demise of land plants. Further, distinct patterns of various combustion-derived PAHs occurring in each section imply that forest fire events occurred within the Late Permian and Early Triassic. In the Meishan section high amounts of combustion-derived PAHs [pyrene (IV), fluoranthene (V), benzo[a]anthracene (VI), benzofluoranthenes (sum, i.e. VII), benzo[a]pyrene (VIII), benzo[e]pyrene (IX) and coronene (X)] occur within bed 25, also containing ash attributed to the fallout from massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia and/or China.     

A Review on the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary

1 Introduction The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB) has been ratified by IUGS in 2001 (Yin et al., 2001). It is defined at the base of the Hindeodus parvus horizon, i.e. the base of Bed 27c of Meishan Section D, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, South China. The PTB is important because it is not only an erathem boundary but also a great turning point of geological history symbolized by profound global changes and the strongest …     

The prelude of the end-Permian mass extinction predates a postulated bolide impact

The mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic Boundary (PTB) is said to have been abrupt and probably caused by an extraterrestrial impact. However, evidence from the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the base of the Induan at Meishan, China, shows that the biotic crisis began prior to the level, in beds 25 and 26 at which the postulated impact event occurred. Evidence of such an earlier biotic crisis occurs in other sections in South China, and in central and western Tethyan regions. This event is characterized by the extinction of a range of faunas, including corals, deep-water radiolarians, most fusulinids and pseudotirolitid ammonoids, and many Permian brachiopods. In all sections, this extinction level is usually a few decimeters to meters below that of the main mass extinction in the event beds (25 and 26) at Meishan, and their correlatives elsewhere. This earlier extinction event happened before the postulated bolide impact at the level of beds 25 and 26, and constrains interpretation of the mechanisms that brought about this greatest mass extinction. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.