天水地区北秦岭造山带花岗岩地球化学及构造环境探讨

在区域地质调查及综合研究的基础上,通过详细的岩石学、接触关系、同位素年龄及地球化学特征研究,对位于天水南部地区的晚加里东期百花岩体、熊山沟岩体,早华力西期党川岩体、火炎山岩体的地球化学特征及形成的构造环境进行了讨论.百花岩体岩石化学低钾(K2O/Na2O=0.13～0.91)、低铝(A/CNK=0.74～0.78),微量元素相对富集Cr、Ni、Y、Rb、Sr,贫Nb、Zr,稀土元素丰度较低(∑REE=107.71 × 10-6～191.13×10-6);熊山沟岩体早期岩石化学成分低钾(K2O/Na2O:0.33～0.42),晚期岩石相对富集钾(K2O/Na2O=1.01～1.43),微量元素富集Th、Hf、Nb、Zr等元素.晚加里东期岩体的共同特点是岩石属拉斑-钙碱性系列,稀土元素以富集轻稀土元素、无铕负异常或铕负异常不明显为主要特征,氧同位素值较低(δ18O: 3.32‰),岩石具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征.熊山沟岩体物质来源于下地壳,百花岩体形成于岛弧构造环境.党川岩体富集SiO2(SiO2=72.29%～73.40%)、K2O(K2O/Na2O=0.86～2.01)、Al2O3(A/CNK=1.05～1.20);火炎山岩体岩石总体SiO2含量较低(平均69.70%),但K2O(K2O/Na2O=1.14～1.88)、Fe2O3 FeO、MgO较高.早华力西期岩体的共同特征是岩石具钾玄质系列岩石地球化学特征,为过铝质岩石(A/CNK>1.0),相对富集大离子亲石元素Ba、zr、Rb、Sm、Ta及Rb、Ba、Th、Nb等,稀土元素丰度较高,轻稀土元素富集,铕亏损强烈,铕负异常明显,δEu值较低(δ Eu=0.36～0.61),(87Sr/86Sr)0大于0.7070,氧同位素δ18O较高(δ18O= 8.89‰～ 11.08‰),物源为上地壳物质,属壳源花岗岩类,岩石具S型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞构造环境或后造山构造环境.     

西秦岭教场坝岩体岩浆混合成因的新认识

教场坝岩体是一岩浆多次脉动形成的复式深成岩体,由3个单元组成,它是岩浆混合作用形成的混合花岗岩,在混染较强的花岗闪长岩中分布有大量的镁铁质包体.寄主岩化学成份贫SiO2,富FeO* Mgo,铝饱和度(A/CNK)＞1.0,岩石为过铝质类型,KzO/Na2O＞1.0;镁铁质包体(MME)富SiO2,贫FeO* MgO,铝饱和度(A/CNK)＜1.0,K2O/Na2O＜1.0,二者均为钙碱性系列,两者间有明显的物质交换.包体与寄主岩石微量元素均富集大离子亲石元素Ba,Sr,Rb,Sm,Be及高场强元素Nb,Th等,亲铁元素Co,Cr,Ni也相对富集,但二者演化规律不同;稀土元素总量寄主岩相对较低(REE=254.78×10-6),稀土配分模式发育明显的铕负异常,δEu值较低(平均0.48);镁铁质包体稀土总量相时较高(REE=298.75×10-6),配分模式发育极微弱的铕负异常,δEu值较高(平均0.78).研究表明:镁铁质包体具幔源型花岗岩类特征,而寄主岩石二长花岗岩具壳源型花岗岩特征,包体与寄主岩石具不同的岩浆来源.氧同素显示镁铁质包体中有大量地壳物质的加入,教场坝岩体的形成与岩浆混合作用有关,是酸性岩浆与基性岩浆混合的产物.     

新疆玛因鄂博断裂南侧阿热勒托别岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

阿热勒托别岩体位于玛因鄂博断裂南侧,由二长花岗岩组成,其岩石化学具有与A型花岗岩相似的高碱、低铝的特点,但与典型的A型花岗岩相比,其钙、镁含量偏高,硅略偏低.岩石稀土元素含量较高,ΣREE为227.04×10-6～326.42×10-6;轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土比值L/H为5.6～6.9,具有中等程度的铕负异常,δEu为0.4～0.6;岩石中不相容元素富集,具有sr、Ba、Nb、P、Ti等元素负异常;全岩δ18O(SMOW)值分别为4.4‰和4.6‰;岩石具有较低的sr初始比值和正的εNd值,分别为0.700 48～0.705 47和 2.6～ 3.2,两阶段Nd模式年龄为0.91 Ga和0.94 Ga.地球化学特征表明其原始岩浆来自年轻的玄武质下地壳的重熔.阿热托别岩体为形成于后碰撞伸展背景下的I型花岗岩,具有某些与A型花岗岩相似的地球化学特征.     

湘东南中生代花岗闪长质小岩体的岩石地球化学特征

湘东南花岗闪长质岩石以高K2O/Na2O,K2O+Na2O>6.0%为特征,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石,其形成主要受部分熔融作用制约;岩石稀土元素富集,铕负异常不明显,δEu=0.71～0.89;富集大离子亲石元素,Nb-Ta亏损,P、Ti或亏损或不亏损,具岛弧型岩浆作用微量元素分配模式,属板内钾质岩石,源区可能存在早期俯冲组分改造的岩石圈富集地幔组分,或是源于软流圈的岩浆与中下地壳混合作用的产物;其形成与该带中生代早期岩石圈的伸展-减薄作用有关。     

北祁连东段冷龙岭地区毛藏寺岩体和黄羊河岩体的岩石成因及其构造意义

文中研究了北祁连东段冷龙岭地区毛藏寺岩体和黄羊河岩体的年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素组成。毛藏寺岩体主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。锆石U Pb定年获得花岗闪长岩岩浆结晶年龄为（424±4） Ma。花岗闪长岩具有高的Mg#（约55）,K2O/Na2O=0.77~0.91,A/CNK=0.92~0.94,表明岩石属准铝质。在微量元素组成上,花岗闪长岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,轻重稀土分异明显［(La/Yb)N=16.9~19.5］,具有弱的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.75~0.83）;花岗闪长岩具有ISr=0.706 3~0.706 5,εNd(t) =-1.5~-1.1,TDM=1.10~1.16 Ga。这些地球化学特征和Sr Nd同位素组成表明,花岗闪长岩岩浆源区为基性下地壳变玄武质岩石,但在成岩过程中有少量幔源物质的加入。黄羊河岩体主要由钾长花岗岩组成,其岩浆结晶年龄为（402±4） Ma。岩石富碱（K2O+Na2O=6.91‰~7.66%）,K2O/Na2O>1,A/CNK=0.97~1.05。钾长花岗岩富集LILE及HFSE,轻重稀土元素分馏中等［(La/Yb)N =10.6~17.8］,并具有明显的负Eu异常（Eu/Eu*=0.43~0.68）,表明钾长花岗岩具有铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩具有ISr=0.710 3~0.711 3,εNd(t)=-6.7~-6.0,TDM=1.46~1.55 Ga,反映岩浆主要来自地壳中长英质物质的部分熔融。冷龙岭地区花岗岩类的岩石成因及其岩浆演化揭示了北祁连山造山带从加里东早期的挤压构造体制向加里东晚期的伸展构造体制的演化。这些花岗岩类形成于碰撞后构造背景,岩浆的产生可能与俯冲的北祁连洋板片的断离作用有密切联系。     

西准噶尔北部晚古生代两期侵入岩的地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

西准噶尔北部发育构造环境截然不同的晚古生代两期侵入岩体,它们的空间分布与地球化学特征存在明显差异。早石炭世侵入岩包括辉石闪长岩、二长闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩,仅分布于晚古生代扎尔玛-萨吾尔岩浆弧内,可能与额尔齐斯-斋桑洋的南向俯冲有关。它们的A/CNK和A/NK比值变化范围分别为0.86～1.03和1.24～1.86,属于偏铝质-弱过铝质岩石。Al2O3、CaO、Na2O含量较高,Na2O/K2O比值普遍大于1.2;LREE、HREE分馏明显,(La/Lu)N=4.50～26.03,无明显的Eu异常;富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba)、Pb和Sr,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti,具有I型花岗岩的特征。早石炭世侵入岩的Sr同位素初始比值(ISr)为0.70408～0.70912,εNd(t)值为+6.09～+7.25,单阶段Nd模式年龄(tDM1)为527～593Ma。元素和同位素地球化学特征表明早石炭世岩体(不包括阿布都拉二长花岗岩)可能是受交代的亏损地幔部分熔融并发生岩浆混合之后再经过结晶分异形成的,而阿布都拉二长花岗岩可能来源于洋壳的部分熔融。晚石炭世-中二叠世侵入岩以钾长花岗岩为主,遍布西准噶尔北部及相邻的各个构造单元,是后碰撞岩浆活动的产物。它们的A/CNK和A/NK比值变化范围分别为0.92～0.99和1.03～1.27,属于偏铝质岩石。Al2O3、MgO、CaO的含量很低,全碱含量很高(8.6%～9.7%),Na2O/K2O比值为0.9～1.1;REE总量很高(平均值为196×10-6),LREE、HREE分镏程度较弱,(La/Lu)N=3.32～5.36,Eu负异常明显;强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,中度亏损Nb和Ta,具有A型花岗岩的特征。εNd(t)值为+5.26～+7.26,单阶段Nd模式年龄(tDM1)为502～655Ma。元素和同位素地球化学特征表明晚石炭世-中二叠世A型花岗岩体可能是由被流体交代的亏损地幔熔融生成的玄武质岩浆在上升过程中(可能发生岩浆混合)发生高度结晶分异之后的产物,是后碰撞环境下的板片断离导致软流圈物质上涌的结果。     

冀北北岔沟门地区中生代侵入岩地质年代学和地球化学特征研究

北岔沟门地区广泛分布中生代侵入岩体.本文选取了该地区有代表性的8个岩体进行地质年代学和地球化学研究,旨在建立其年代格架并探讨岩石的成因演化.主要岩石类型为闪长玢岩、花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩等.颗粒级锆石的U-Pb同位素测年数据表明所研究的岩体主要有三期早三叠世(245～250Ma)、晚侏罗世(140～147Ma)和早白垩世(125～137Ma).地球化学数据表明岩石普遍具有较高的钾含量、准铝质,主要属高钾钙碱性系列,部分为橄榄玄粗岩系列.岩石不同程度地显示轻稀土元素富集、高场强元素(HFSE)和大离子亲石性元素(LILE)解偶等特点.进一步的岩石地球化学研究表明区内侵入岩可划分为高BaSr和低BaSr两种类型,其中高BaSr型具有高Al2O3(≥15%)、Sr(≥400×10-6) 和低Y(≤18×10-6)、Yb(≤1.9×10-6),高的Na2O/K2O(>1), Sr/Y(>20)、La/Yb(≥10)比值;较高的Mg#(38.47～57.78)、具正的或弱的铕负异常等地球化学特征,这些特征与埃达克岩具有某些相似性;而低BaSr型岩石SiO2、K2O、Y、Yb含量相对较高、Al2O3、Sr、Ba含量相对较低、具明显的铕负异常等地球化学特征.尽管两类岩石在时空上密切共生,但可能具有不同的源区和成因机制.综合研究表明本区中生代侵入岩总体形成在加厚地壳的构造背景下,与底侵作用或壳幔相互作用有关.     

福建金山花岗质复式岩体的元素和同位素地球化学及其成因研究

金山复式岩体位于福建南部华安县和南靖县交界地区,为一燕山晚期的花岗质复式大岩基,由早白垩世早期的华安洋竹径单元（锆石U-Pb年龄为140.3±1.2Ma）和早白垩世晚期的南靖龙山单元（锆石U-Pb年龄为105.1±0.8Ma）组成。复式岩体东部的洋竹径单元主体岩性为中粒钾长花岗岩,在中心部位发育部分黑云母花岗岩,地球化学特征上,该单元岩石总体为弱过铝质（A/NKC值变化于1.00~1.05）,富硅,碱含量中等（K2O+Na2O介于8.30%~8.84%）,碱铝指数（AKI值）变化于0.80~0.90,富钾（K2O含量变化于4.59%~5.58%,K2O/Na2O比值介于1.18~1.95）,富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（如Rh、Th等）,贫Ba、Sr、Ti、P,Rb/Sr比值高,具中到强的铕负异常。复式岩体西部的龙山单元主体岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩,与洋竹径单元相比,其硅、碱含量及Rb/Sr比值均相对偏低,轻重稀土比值更高,而铕负异常相对不明显。复式岩体各单元岩石的Ga/Al比值以及Zr、Nb、Ce、Y等高场强元素含量较之典型的A型花岗岩均偏低,综合地质地球化学资料指示该复式岩体应属高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。洋竹径单元黑云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩具有一致的Nd同位素组成,Nd(t)值分别为-1.13和-1.16~-1.94,表明它们具有相同的岩浆源区,二者应为同源岩浆经分异演化的产物。龙山单元的成岩年龄晚于洋竹径单元,Nd(t)值略低（＝-2.22）,其岩石学和元素地球化学特征与洋竹径单元存在较明显的差别,相关的元素演变趋势表明龙山单元不可能为洋竹径单元岩浆分异演化的产物,而应具独立的岩浆起源。金山复式岩体极可能是在弧后伸展背景下,由于持续的幔源岩浆底侵作用导致早期底侵物质（初生地壳）与古老基底地壳混合的地壳原岩叠次熔融复合的产物。     

西秦岭党川花岗岩基的岩石化学特征

党川花岗岩基产于祁连与北秦岭造山带结合部位,由9个岩体组成,岩石普遍富K2O。志留纪为闪长岩-石英闪长岩,显著贫SiO2、Na2O,显著富MgO、CaO、TFeO、MnO、P2O5。泥盆纪-侏罗纪岩体为二长-正长花岗岩类,各岩体岩石化学特征较相似,高TiO2、K2O、Na2O,贫MgO、CaO,显示继承性演化规律。志留纪岩体的岩石化学构造环境判别及与其共生的早古生代火山岩相配套,是俯冲造山过程中的岛弧闪长岩类,而泥盆纪熊山沟岩体则是与之密切有关的造山期后陆缘或弧后花岗岩类。其余各岩体是本区造山后与大陆抬升作用以及大陆裂谷作用有关的花岗岩类。     

浙江东南印支晚期的构造伸展事件：来自诸暨大爽岩体的证据

出露于浙江省东南部的大爽岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该岩体形成于227±2Ma,属印支晚期岩浆作用的产物。地球化学分析显示该岩石低Na2O、富K2O,A/CNK=1.26~1.49(大于1.1),为强过铝质、钾玄质系列花岗岩;岩石稀土总量较高,富Sr(Sr=874.6×10-6~1158×10-6),贫Yb(Yb=3.00×10-6~3.92×10-6),富轻稀土而亏损重稀土,具轻微的负铕异常(δEu=0.68~0.70);相对富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素;Sr-Nd同位素分析表明岩石具有较高的初始锶比值(I Sr=0.710718~0.711008)和较低εNd(t)值(εNd(t)=-10.9~-11.1),上述地球化学特征指示该岩体岩浆源区为古老的地壳物质。综合分析认为大爽岩体是古老地壳部分减压熔融的产物,受控于印支造山后的伸展应力作用。     

Polychronous zirconology of syenites from the Avashla intrusion in the Kurgass anticline (Southern Urals)

Zircons were separated from syenites of the Avashla intrusion in the Kurgass anticline of the Bashkir megaanticlinorium in the Southern Urals. The obtained samples were dated using the U–Pb procedure by means of a SHRIMP II ion microprobe. The integrated mineralogical, geochemical, and isotope studies of zircons resulted in primary data on the origin and current conditions of zircons in syenites of the Avashla intrusion. The relics of early zircon generations (1320–1340 Ma) allowed us to specify the geological position of syenites along with the stratigraphic location of the enclosing sedimentary rocks. The time of the transformation (metamorphism) of the zircons at the Middle–Upper Riphean boundary is represented by a dating of 1097±20 Ma, which is of importance for specifying the boundary age and for revealing a geological event that started a new development stage of the stratoregion in the Upper Riphean.     

甘肃天水地区百花岩浆杂岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

摘〓要：[HT5K]利用阴极发光和LA ICP MS微区定年分析方法，对甘肃天水地区百花岩浆杂岩中的辉长岩进行了单颗粒锆石U Pb同位素分析。百花岩浆杂岩体主要由辉石岩—辉长（闪长）岩—闪长岩—石英闪长岩组成，构成较完整的同源岩浆演化序列，地球化学研究表明其形成于岛弧构造环境。对百花岩浆杂岩中辉长岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb同位素定年结果表明，其同位素年龄为(449.7±3.1)Ma（MSWD=1.9），形成于晚奥陶世，表明西秦岭北带岛弧型岩浆岩的形成时代为晚奥陶世，结合区域地质资料，揭示出以西秦岭北缘关子镇蛇绿岩为代表的古洋盆的俯冲作用及产生岛弧型岩浆活动的时限为中晚奥陶世。      

辽河油田两个斑岩侵入体裂缝特征对比研究

辽河油田东部凹陷中段的黄沙坨和欧利坨子斑岩体相距不到10 km,均侵位于始新统沙河三段下部的碳质泥岩烃源层.地球化学分析表明,两岩体均为粗面斑岩,成分非常一致,很可能在深部相连或来源于同一岩浆房.但两者的储油裂缝系统却迥然不同,欧利坨子岩体发育一套隐爆角砾岩裂缝系统,而黄沙坨岩体则主要发育了火成岩中首次被报道的一套以水平裂缝、波状水平裂缝和剪切裂缝为特征的波状-水平裂缝系统.结合具体地质特征对两类裂缝系统作了对比,并讨论了其形成机制.     

Origin of the picrite blocks in the Marginal Border Group of the Skaergaard Intrusion,East Greenland

New evidence shows that the picrite blocks in the margins of the Skaergaard intrusion, East Greenland are gabbro-contaminated xenoliths of ultramafic rock. Earlier studies suggested that the picrite blocks were cumulates formed in the Marginal Border Group or in the Hidden Zone. However, there are no known occurrences of undisturbed picrite or ultramafic rocks in the Skaergaard intrusion, and an extensive Hidden Zone is not supported by geophysical data. The picrite blocks are most abundant near a body of wehrlite in Precambrian rocks near Watkins Fjord. The wehrlite, which has a composition and mineralogy similar to the most mafic of the picrite blocks, lies structurally below the northern margin of the intrusion. It is possible that the refractory precursors of picrite in the Skaergaard intrusion may have been ultramafic xenoliths and are not representative of the earliest differentiated pan of the intrusion.     

亚热带喀斯特水库桡足类和枝角类动物群落的季节变化——以贵州红枫湖、百花湖、阿哈水库为例

2008年至2009年对贵州红枫湖(HF)、百花湖(BH)、阿哈水库(AH)的桡足类和枝角类动物进行4次采样调查,共发现桡足类5科11属19种,其中包含一未定种。枝角类5科9属14种。三个水库中都存在的桡足类优势种为绿色近剑水蚤、叶片剑水蚤、短尾温剑水蚤;枝角类的优势种为长刺溞、长额象鼻溞;角突网汶溞。桡足类和枝角类的总密度在红枫湖为春季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低;在百花湖为夏季最高,秋季次之,冬季最低;在阿哈水库为春季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低。三个水库季节生物多样性比较:春季的多样性是AH＞BH＞HF;夏季和冬季是BH＞AH＞HF;秋季是AH＞HF＞BH。季节性气候变化和污染是影响桡足类和枝角类动物群落变化的重要因素。      

On the behaviour of fluorine and chlorine during magmatic differentiation

The behaviour of fluorine and chlorine during differentiation is considered in the light of halogen data for granites and separated biotites from the Dartmoor granite pluton of S.W. England, hornblende-bearing ultrabasic and basic rocks from a layered intrusion at Rhiw, N. Wales, and recent literature data on halogens in apatites from the Shonkin Sag laccolith and the Skaergaard intrusion.The data indicate that whereas fluorine concentrations are highest in the late stage differentiates, chlorine concentration is highest in the earlier differentiates. It is suggested that this behaviour of the two halogens is due to their relative affinities for silicate melts. Chlorine having a low solubility in silicate melts and a strong affinity for associated aqueous phases will tend to be concentrated in early formed hydrous minerals, leaving fluorine with its strong affinity for the melt to be enriched in the late-formed hydrous minerals.     

The impact of sulfate reduction on the distribution of methylmercury in reservoirs in the city of Guiyang

In this paper, the relationship between sulfate reduction potential and mercury methylation potential was studied in the Aha, Baihua and Hongfeng reservoirs from Guiyang City. The methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations of lake water in the Aha Reservoir were greatly elevated as compared to those of the Hongfeng and Baihua reservoirs, which was correlated with its distinctly high SRB abundance, SO42-, and S2- concentrations. Among the three reservoirs, however, the highest MeHg was observed in in the top several centimenters of pore water profile in the Hongfeng Reservoir where the lowest S2- in pore water occurred. The distributions of MeHg in lake water and pore water showed the highest methylation potential occurred at water-sediment surface for the Aha Reservoir and the in the top several centimenters of sediments for the Hongfeng Reservoir. It is guessed that the highest mercury methylation only occurs at the sites with certain sulfide concentrations.     

The study of the hydrogeological setting of the Chamshir Dam site with special emphasis on the cause of water salinity in the Zohreh River downstream from the Chamshir Dam (southwest of Iran)

Dissolution of evaporite formations, emergence of salty water springs, and intrusion of deep saline waters are important causes in changing the quality of surface water. The study area is part of the reservoir and downstream of Chamshir Dam, which is located in watershed of the Zohreh River 20?km southeast of Gachsaran City (southwest Iran). To construct powerhouse and related structures for supplying water to agricultural lands located in downstream of dam, water quality of Zohreh River was studied by eight sampling stations in the study area. Early studies showed that water quality of the Zohreh River decreases severely downstream of the Chamshir Dam. Spatial variations diagram of major ions, Piper and composition diagrams of water samples in selected stations mark the presence of two slight and major contaminating zones at sampling station R₄ and R₅. In these zones, concentration of Ca, SO₄ and Na, Cl ions increase suddenly. Results of hydrogeological, hydrochemical, lithological and tectonics studies showed that even though there are several low discharges springs in the contaminated zone they cannot be related to surface dissolution of evaporate layers by Zohreh River. There is an important fault zone including Chamshir faults I and II in the contamination zones through which intrusion of sulfate brackish and chloride brine waters occur along the fault zone and then enter Zohreh River below its base level. In the absence of any surface evidence, the fault zone is the main cause of salinity. Evaluation of water balance salinity in contaminated zones shows that the discharge rate of saline waters to the river is not low and cannot be separated. These findings show that there are serious restrictions upon the purposes of the project.     

基于GIS的海水入侵危险性评价方法——以深圳市宝安区为例

在总结前人关于海水入侵危险性评价研究的基础上,提出了基于GIS的层次分析法和模糊综合评判法,并以深圳市宝安区为例建立了海水入侵危险性评价体系.首先研究了宝安区海水入侵现状;然后选取了含水层结构、地下水氯离子质量浓度、地下水水位、地形地貌、与海岸线距离、地下水开采、土地利用类型7个评估因子;再利用层次分析法确定了各评估因子的权重,根据模糊综合评判法的原理,经过模糊运算得到危险性级别;最后运用GIS空间分析功能实现了海水入侵灾害危险性区划.结果表明:评价结果与该地区的海水入侵现状吻合较好.高危险区和较高危险区面积达107.77 km2,占研究区总面积的46.7%.