鄂东南地区存在古元古代—太古宙基底——来自铜鼓山岩体锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素的证据

对鄂东南地区位于毛铺—两剑桥断裂带上的铜鼓山岩体进行了野外地质及镜下显微研究及岩石化学分析, 重点分析了其中锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。结果表明铜鼓山岩体为石英闪长玢岩, 岩体形成于(147±2.6) Ma, 属晚侏罗世—早白垩世, 与鄂东南地区其它岩体年龄具有一致性。铜鼓山岩体中存在的大量继承锆石。分析的4个继承锆石形成于古元古代晚期1798~1888 Ma。继承锆石具有高的Th/U比值和极其相似的Lu-Hf同位素组成, 表明它们捕获于同一火成岩。这表明鄂东南地区存在古元古代基底。这些古元古代继承锆石低的εHf(t)值和冥太古代的Hf同位素两阶段模式年代暗示古元古代克拉通化是在太古宙基底上发展的。鄂东南地区和扬子陆块其它众多地区一样存在古元古代—太古宙基底。扬子陆块古元古代—太古宙基底极可能从四川盆地、鄂西崆岭和郧西地区东延至鄂东南地区。     

扬子陆块西缘古元古代基性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及其地质意义

扬子陆块西缘康滇南北向构造带内发育大量古元古代基性岩脉(墙),它们对于认识扬子陆块早期的构造演化具有重要意义.对四川会理地区侵入到元古界通安组内的辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得的207pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为1694Ma±16Ma(MSWD=0.9),代表了该辉长岩的形成和侵位时代,这一结果指示会理地区通安组应为古元古代地层.辉长岩全岩地球化学具有类似于N-MORB的特征.辉长岩锆石初始(176H f/177Hf)i值为0.281881～0.281982,对应的εHf(t)为6.2～9.8,单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1738～1883Ma,平均值为1803Ma.这些数据表明古元古代辉长岩来源于亏损地幔,指示古元古代晚期扬子西缘之下存在亏损地幔.结合扬子西缘大量古老的碎屑锆石,推测扬子陆块西缘存在太古宙—古元古代的结晶基底.与扬子陆块西缘古元古代晚期基性侵入岩形成有关的幔源岩浆事件明显晚于扬子陆块古元古代碰撞造山及造山后的伸展作用,记录了扬子陆块古元古代晚期一次伸展过程,可能是Columbia超大陆裂解作用在扬子陆块的响应.     

安徽姚家岭锌金多金属矿区花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

姚家岭锌金多金属矿床位于铜陵矿集区东部,其形成与小青塘花岗闪长斑岩密切相关.然而,前人对该岩体的研究仍较少,为了深入认识姚家岭矿区的成矿作用,利用岩石地球化学的方法,对花岗闪长斑岩及锆石特征进行研究,结果表明:花岗闪长斑岩具有较高的SiO2,K2O/Na2O比值为0.68~1.02,为I型花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列;锆石具有明显的环带结构,Th/U比值为0.34~1.20,为典型的岩浆锆石;锆石的206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为141.0±1.7 Ma,说明花岗闪长斑岩形成于早白垩世;锆石的εHf(t)为-22.5~-9.2,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1 639~2 620Ma,表明形成花岗闪长斑岩的岩浆是古元古代地壳岩石部分熔融的产物.此外,研究还表明,花岗闪长斑岩的结晶温度为558~739℃,成岩压力为50~250MPa.     

宁镇矿集区安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩的锆石U- Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

宁镇矿集区位于长江中下游成矿带东部,发育了大量与Cu、Fe矿产有关的中酸性侵入岩,如区内安基山岩体和韦岗岩体分别与安基山铜矿及伏牛山铜矿、韦岗铁矿等Cu、Fe矿床成矿关系密切。尽管前人在宁镇矿集区开展了大量的岩石学工作,但是对这些花岗质岩石源区特征方面的研究却略显薄弱。本文对该矿集区内的安基山岩体和韦岗岩体开展了详细的LA- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb测年和锆石Hf同位素研究,进而确定成岩年龄、探讨岩浆源区性质及与成矿作用的关系。锆石U- Pb定年结果显示区内安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩成岩年龄分别为108.9~110.9 Ma和107.3~109.6 Ma,宁镇矿集区晚中生代岩浆岩的成岩时代在110~100 Ma之间,明显晚于长江中下游其他矿集区成岩时代范围近20 Ma。两个岩体的锆石Hf同位素研究显示,韦岗花岗闪长岩的εHf(t)值为-47.4~-16.9,平均为-24.9,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为2.24~4.14 Ga,平均为2.73 Ga,可能是中太古代至古元古代下地壳部分熔融形成的;而安基山花岗闪长斑岩的εHf(t)值为-16.8~-8.9,平均为-12.4,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为1.74~2.23 Ga,平均为1.96 Ga,可能是富集岩石圈地幔物质与下地壳物质混合的产物。本文研究结果结合前人研究显示,矽卡岩型Fe矿床有关的岩体相比于矽卡岩型Cu矿床成矿岩体含有更多的地壳物质;岩浆源区壳、幔物质含量比例可能是控制长江中下游成矿带Cu、 Fe成矿作用的重要因素。     

扬子西缘东川落雪地区元古宙地层中3890 Ma锆石的发现

利用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测定技术,在扬子西缘滇中东川地区古元古界阿不都组流纹质玻屑熔结凝灰岩中发现了1颗冥古宙锆石,锆石具有明显的核-幔-边结构,其核部的207 Pb/206 Pb年龄为3890±47 Ma,此年龄被解释为岩浆结晶,Th/U比值为0.34;变质边的207 Pb/206 Pb年龄为3561±45～3616±55 Ma,Th/U比值为0.07～0.19.锆石的原位Hf同位素测定给出了176 Hf/177 Hf=0.280317～0.280451,εHf(t)=-4.6～0.6(平均值为-2.5),TDM1=3861～3980 Ma,TDM2=4036～4106 Ma(平均值为4059 Ma).这颗锆石为扬子陆块目前发现的最老锆石,其Hf同位素及微量元素特征说明扬子陆块存在4.0 Ga的地壳增生作用及古老陆壳的再循环;结合前人同位素研究资料,说明扬子西缘东川落雪地区元古宙时同华北陆块可能具有亲缘性;本次的发现,为扬子陆块寻找冥古宙和始太古代物质实体提供重要依据,也为认识地球早期大陆演化过程提供了重要新信息.     

鄂东南地区阮家湾和犀牛山花岗闪长岩的时代、成因及成矿和找矿意义

阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩位于鄂东南矿集区东南缘,前者产有鄂东南地区最大的矽卡岩型钨-铜-钼矿床,而后者迄今仅发现有斑岩型铜矿化点.本文对阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成的研究,以深入讨论这些岩体的岩石成因及其成矿和找矿意义.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩的侵位年龄分别为143±1Ma和147±1Ma( 1σ),是鄂东南地区最老的含钨-铜-钼矿化侵入岩.阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩均为高钾钙碱性岩体,富集Rb、Ba、Th和La等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Zr等高场强元素.岩石具有Sr含量高(分别为681 × 10-6 ～874×10-6和575×10-6 ～687×10-6)、Y含量低(分别为12.0×10-6 ～ 17.4×10-6和9.7×10-6～14.0×10-6)、Sr/Y比值大(分别为39 ～ 61和47 ～ 62)、轻重稀土分馏强烈(Yb含量分别为0.90×10-6～1.49×10-6和0.62 × 10-6 ～1.01×10-6;La/Yb比值分别为42 ～ 54和48 ～ 60)等特点.全岩Sr-Nd同位素分析和锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,阮家湾花岗闪长岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7062 ～0.7063,εNd(t)为-5.8 ～-6.2,εHf(t)为-12.0～ -6.8;犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩的(87Sr/86 Sr)i为～0.7065,εNd(t)为-5.6～ -6.5.元素和同位素地球化学特征表明,阮家湾花岗闪长岩和犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩是由富集地幔部分熔融形成的岩浆同化混染下地壳物质并发生分离结晶作用的产物.矿物组合及矿物化学组成表明,阮家湾钨铜钼矿床的含矿岩体具有更低的氧逸度和更多的地壳物质混染,而犀牛山花岗闪长斑岩则具有较高的氧逸度(以出现岩浆硬石膏为标志).另外,犀牛山岩体中挥发份的含量与鄂东南地区最大的斑岩-矽卡岩型铜矿——铜山口矿床的含矿岩体类似,表明有利于斑岩型铜矿床的形成.犀牛山岩体内部斑岩型铜矿点和铁帽发育,进一步说明犀牛山岩体具有较大的斑岩型铜矿床找矿潜力,在今后的找矿工作中应给予关注.     

东昆仑西段落雁山花岗闪长斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

东昆仑造山带发育大量花岗质岩浆岩,对其研究不仅能为东昆仑的岩浆、构造提供新的信息,且对探讨古特提斯的构造-演化过程具重要意义。本文报道东昆仑西段落雁山花岗闪长斑岩体的两组锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学数据,并对其成因及构造意义进行探讨。两组落雁山花岗闪长斑岩体锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U-年龄分别为(312.4±2.0)Ma、(312.4±2.2)Ma,形成于晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示,该岩体具高钾钙碱性准铝质花岗岩特征,稀土元素标准分布曲线呈右倾,富集轻稀土,轻、重稀土分异明显,微量元素中大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb,Ba)相对富集;高场强元素(HFSE:Nb,P,Ti)亏损。锆石Hf同位素特征和岩石成因物源研究表明,落雁山花岗闪长斑岩为少量幔源岩浆参与的壳幔混源I型花岗岩。据区域构造研究,落雁山花岗闪长斑岩形成于晚石炭世古特提斯洋壳俯冲作用背景下的岛弧晚期岩浆活动。     

苏鲁造山带荣成超高压地体片麻岩锆石年龄和铪同位素组成特征

本文对苏鲁造山带内荣成超高压地体片麻岩样品进行了锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素分析,旨于探讨片麻岩的原岩性质及成因。3个片麻岩样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(770Ma和710Ma之间)表明原岩形成于晚元古代,与Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的岩浆活动时间相吻合。14个片麻岩的单阶段钕模式年龄变化在1.70Ga至2.30Ga(平均～1.93Ga),表明荣成超高压地体片麻岩平均地壳存留时间为古元古代,与扬子陆块的平均地壳形成年龄相一致,暗示具有扬子陆块属性。其锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(t=750Ma)和模式年龄值变化范围大。2个片麻岩的锆石具有非常负的ε_(Hf)(t),平均值为-16.4,铪模式年龄为2.70Ga。6个片麻岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)平均值为-7.7,铪模式年龄为2.15Ga。这些结果表明荣成超高压地体部分原岩主要由太古代-古元古代地壳物质在晚元古代时重熔形成的,进一步说明荣成地区可能有扬子陆块的太古代地壳残留。另有6个片麻岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)变化范围为-0.56至6.6之间,其中部分锆石的两阶段Hf模式年龄为0.81Ga至0.94Ga,表明片麻岩原岩晚元古代形成时,有幔源岩浆活动和新生地壳形成,可能同时存在强烈壳-幔相互作用,上侵的幔源岩浆底侵导致上覆扬子陆块太古代-古元古代地壳物质重熔,形成花岗质岩浆。     

西藏朱诺斑岩铜矿石英闪长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年及Lu-Hf同位素研究

朱诺斑岩铜矿床位于冈底斯成矿带的中段西部,是近年来新发现的大型斑岩铜矿床,矿体受控于新生代复式多期岩浆活动,成矿年龄为13.72 Ma,前人主要针对中新世岩浆活动开展研究,而对矿区另一类含矿石英闪长斑岩却鲜有报道,钻孔编录以及镜下鉴定表明石英闪长斑岩可能提供了部分成矿物质,因此详细开展含矿石英闪长斑岩的研究有利于拓展矿区的找矿方向。通过开展石英闪长斑岩原位锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素测试。结果表明测试样品的加权平均年龄为51.47±0.6 Ma,代表该岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为始新世。锆石εHf(t)值介于-5.4~0.8,平均值为-2.4,176Hf/177Hf比值为0.28259~0.28276,平均值为0.28268,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)介于1.1~1.4 Ga之间,平均值为1.3 Ga。Lu-Hf同位素结果反映朱诺地区始新世岩体具有明显的古老地壳印记,岩浆源区为中-古元古代地壳物质并混染有少量的年轻基性物质,指示在拉萨地体南部,谢通门以西的朱诺地区存在中-古元古代结晶基地。     

内蒙古狼山巴音前达门地区黑云斜长片麻岩年代学研究及板块归属

内蒙古西部狼山地区的构造归属争议较大,一直以来没有直接证据证明狼山地区属于华北陆块。本文对内蒙古狼山巴音前达门地区(含石榴子石)黑云斜长片麻岩进行了年代学研究,利用LA- ICP- MS方法进行U- Pb同位素测年,所测试锆石均为岩浆锆石,锆石年龄为1946±9 Ma和1940±12 Ma,代表其原岩的形成年龄,说明狼山地区存在古元古代晚期岩浆作用。从锆石Hf同位素来看,εHf(t) 从-1.3~6.4,其Hf同位素源区既有当时华北克拉通基底物质,又有地幔的贡献,2442Ma的模式年龄指示源岩来源于早元古代地壳增生事件,可能与华北克拉通基底的形成有关。这进一步表明狼山地区同华北陆块中部地区一样,该地区存在有早元古代岩体。对宝音图群碎屑锆石的研究同样说明了狼山地区宝音图群与华北克拉通更具亲缘性,狼山地区在构造属性上可能属于华北陆块一部分。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.