硫化物矿物标准物质的研制

研制的黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿４个标准物质是国内首次成功研制的硫化物矿物成分分析标准物质。样品采用重选、磁选和电磁选等选矿技术提纯矿物，获得纯度大于９５％的单矿物样品。黄铁矿和闪锌矿用棒磨机少量多级粉碎至０．１４７ｍｍ，方铅矿和黄铜矿用小型玛瑙球磨机粉碎至０．０９７ｍｍ。经单因素方差分析检验，均匀性符合要求。采用小包装在干燥、充氩气气氛中保存样品，使样品稳定性有足够保证。连续４年定期监测了样品中全硫含量，证明稳定性良好。样品由国内经计量认证的５家实验室采用多种分离富集手段、不同原理方法协同分析。标准值的确定依据数据分布特征而定，对于服从正态分布的元素，用算术平均值作为定值，对不服从正态分布的元素用多参数模式定值。共确定了５６个标准值，１６个参考值，６个信息值。该批标准物质于１９９４年１２月通过了国家标准物质研究中心组织的专家复审，并于１９９５年４月被国家技术监督局批准为国家一级标准物质，标准号分别为ＧＢＷ０７２６７（ＧＳＭ－１）、ＧＢＷ０７２６８（ＧＳＭ－２）、ＧＢＷ０７２６９（ＧＳＭ－３）、ＧＢＷ０７２７０（ＧＳＭ－４）。     

大洋多金属结核和深海沉积物标准物质中铂族元素的中子活化分析

采用镍锍试金预富集中子活化分析方法,测定了大洋多金属结核标准物质ＧＳＰＮ２、ＧＳＰＮ３和深海沉积物标准物质ＧＳＭＳ２、ＧＳＭＳ３中的铂族元素;根据大洋样品成分特征,对常规的镍锍试金配方和熔炼条件作了改善;计算了活化分析中的铂族元素干扰核反应,校正了Ａｕ对Ｐｔ的二级干扰;选用羰基化镍粉配料,降低了铂族元素空白值。用国家一级标准物质ＧＢＷ０７１０２作了对照分析,结果与标准值相符。     

等离子体质谱测定岩石标准物质中痕量元素—对某些元素定值的探讨

用等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）对美国玄武岩标准物质ＢＨＶＯ－１、Ｗ－２和中国玄武岩标准物质ＧＢＷ０７１０５（ＧＳＲ－３）进行了３９种痕量元素分析。三个标准物质的大多数元素测定值与标准值在误差范围内一致。ＧＳＲ－３中Ｃｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｙ、Ｎｂ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ等元素的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ测定值与标准值存在不同程度的偏差。用同位素稀释法对ＧＳＲ－３中的Ｐｂ做了进一步的精确测定,结合玄武岩的元素地球化学分析,认为ＧＳＲ－３     

中子活化分析大洋多金属结核标准物质的研究

采用中子活化分析相对＿Ｋ０法对研制的两个深海多金属结核标准物质ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３中的２６种主量和微量元素进行了定值测定，所得结果与初定值符合；对中子辐照自屏蔽效应进行了实验测定和理论计算，结果显示了很好的一致性；同时还对这两个多金属结核标准物中的Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｅｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｌａ、Ｌｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｎａ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｍ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｈ、Ｙｂ和Ｚｎ的取样量与取样误差关系进行了研究。结果表明，在ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３试样中分别有８种和１１种元素，在取样量１０ｍｇ时其取样误差小于１％。     

深海沉积物及多金属结核中微量元素的光谱测定

用全燃烧法一次曝光发射光谱同时测定了大洋深海沉积物和多金属结核中多个微量元素；重点考察了缓冲剂和分析条件的优化，解决了大洋试样吸湿性强、光谱相互干扰多及激发时易喷溅等问题。所测项目有Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｇａ、Ｌａ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｃ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｌ、Ｖ、Ｙ、Ｙｂ、Ｚｎ和Ｚｒ共２０项。用国家一级深海标准物质对方法进行检验，所得结果与标准值相符，相对标准偏差（ｎ＝３０）大多在１０％左右。方法用于新研制的大洋标准物质ＧＳＭＳ＿２，３和ＧＳＰＮ＿２，３定值分析，结果与初定值符合。     

5—Br—PADAP分光光度法测定多金属结核中的铌

报道了用单宁＿硅酸钠＿动物胶沉淀分离多金属结核中的Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ等干扰组分，然后用５＿Ｂｒ＿ＰＡＤＡＰ分光光度法在水相中测定Ｎｂ；讨论和解决了Ｎｂ的结果偏低问题。方法应用于新研制的大洋多金属结核ＧＳＰＮ＿２和ＧＳＰＮ＿３中Ｎｂ的定值测定，结果与初定值相符，其ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝７）分别为２０１％和３２２％。     

电化学分析法直接测定岩石矿物中的二价铁和三价铁

提出了在同一份样品溶液中采用电位滴定法和库仑滴定法分别直接测定Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｆｅ＾２＋的方法。在实验确定的最佳条件下测定０．２０－５．００ｍｇ Ｆｅ＾３＋的ＲＳＤ％小于０．９０（ｎ＝５）；测定０．０３２－１０．０ｍｇ Ｆｅ＾２＋的ＲＳＤ％小于０．８６（ｎ＝５）。用岩石一级标准物质和单矿物标准物质检验并参加标准物质ＧＳＲ７－１２的协作定值，结果良好。     

深海沉积物中化合水的测定

针对用双球管重量法测定化合水（Ｈ２Ｏ＋）时试样中的Ｃｌ－对测定严重干扰，考察了用浸洗样品除Ｃｌ－以及校正双球管中冷凝水（Ｈ２Ｏ±）中Ｃｌ－的两种消除Ｃｌ－干扰的方法。实验证明，两种方法均可行，但后者更具有实用性，测定结果准确、精密度较好。所拟方法对新研制的ＧＳＭＳ＿２和ＧＳＭＳ＿３两个深海沉积物标准物质的化合水进行测定，结果与初定值相符。     

硅同位素标准物质的研制

本文所研制的硅同位素标准物质为：ＧＴＢ１，选用震旦亚界长城系常州沟组石英砂岩中的石英；ＧＴＢ２，选用上海试剂一厂生产的高纯二氧化硅试剂。２个标准物质均按国家计量技术规范统一标准物质〈ＪＪＧ１００６８６〉的规定，用ＳｉＦ４法进行了均匀性检验及定值分析工作。结果表明其硅同位素组成均匀，定值准确，并获得了ＧＴＢ１标准物质的δ３０ＳｉＮＢＳ２８（‰）为－０．０２±０．１０，ＧＴＢ２标准物质的δ３０ＳｉＮＢＳ２８（‰）为－２．６８±０．１０。经两年多的稳定性检查，硅同位素值无变化。     

热电离质谱(TIMS)U-Th年龄测定及其应用研究初探

尝试了用热电离质谱方法测定南海第四纪珊瑚的Ｕ－Ｔｈ年龄，并利用国家铀系年龄标准物质ＧＢＷ０４４１３来监测分析结果的合理性。结果显示，ＧＢＷ０４４１３的ＴＩＭＳ年龄与作为推荐值的α记数方法测定结果一致，反映出其可靠性；而年龄在１ｋａ左右的珊瑚样品的ＴＩＭＳ年龄与１４Ｃ年龄一致，＞５ｋａ样品的ＴＩＭＳ年龄老于１４Ｃ年龄，体现两种方法的系统差别     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

General contents of JOURNAL OF PALAEOGEOGRAPHY,2014

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Clay Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Detrital Rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Salt-bearing Strata,Simao Basin,SW China:Implication for Provenance and Source Weathering

正1 Introduction Geological studies established on several sections in Lanping-Simao basin have shown that the salt-bearing strata of Mengyejing formation(Yunlong Fm.in Lanping basin)are constituted by an alternation of salt layers and interbedded facies.The latter consists mainly of mudstones,and mudstone-rich conglomerate.The mineralogy and geochemistry of salt-bearing beds and     

Status of China’s Mineral Resources in 2013

正On 22nd April 2014,with the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and resources issued the status of China’s mineral resources in 2013.The first task of the prospecting breakthrough strategy action implemented in the last five years has been completed,and China’s security capacity for mineral resources has been significantly improved.In the     

Thermodynamics of the Calcium-Containing Brine Systems

正There are more than 700 salt lakes with area of more than 1km2 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China.In recent years,an oilfield brine was also found in the Nanyishan Section of Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet     

Mechanism of Salt Migration Driven by Tectonic Processes:Insights from Physical and Numerical Modeling

正1 Introduction Physical and numerical models are constructed to investigate the evolution and mechanism of salt migration driven by tectonic processes.In recent years,we have designed and ran series of models to simulate salt     

Palynological Assemblage Age and Palaeoenvironment of the Cretaceous Salt-bearing Strata in Laos and Yunnan,China

正The study of Cretaceous-Palaeogene salt-bearing strata of the Khorat Basin Laos and the Lanping-Simao Basin in Yunnan,China has an great significance not only in explaining the basin evolution and the genesis of potash     

Geological Characteristics of Potassium-Bearing Salt Layers in the Well Block Quele of the Kuqa Depression and their Significance

正Potash is one of the long-term scare deposits in China,and potash prospecting has long been listed as a key brainstorm project for our nation and geological prospecting units.There have been considerable studies in search for potash deposits in the Kuqa depression of the Tarim basin(Jackson et al.,1991;Gemmer et al.,2004;Vendeville,2005;Vendeville and Jackson,1992a,1992b),     

Integration of Resources and Technological Advantages,Creation sustainable Qinghai Potash Fertilizer Industry Base

正1 Introduction Qaidam Basin in Qinghai,including 43 salt lakes with multiple dominant mineral such as potassium,magnesium,lithium etc.,is the most intensive distribution of Saline