磁铁矿中出溶与缺陷结构的高分辨电镜研究

利用高分辨电镜对四川攀枝花富含钒、钛的磁铁矿的精细结构进行了研究，[110]方向的高分辨像清楚地显示了磁铁矿与钒磁铁矿沿[110]方向的波状紧密连生，在两相界面处和钒磁铁矿中观察到了反相畴结构及与元素间化学比有关的各种层措，并对其成因进行了讨论。     

天然磁铁矿中方铁矿的调制结构及畴结构

用高分辨电子显微术研究了攀枝花磁铁矿的超微结构，选区电子衍射量显示有方铁矿共生，并且方铁矿中有调制结构，周期约为方铁矿晶胞的２．６倍，具有一维非公度特征。［００１］取向的结构象也清楚地显示该调制结构，磁铁矿还含有丰富的畴结构，畴界面分基面和非基面两类，有方铁矿与畴结构共生，对这些微结构的成因进行了讨论。     

天然碱性长石的高分辨电镜观察

利用高分辨电子显微镜观察了产于河北汉诺坝玄武岩中碱性长石的精细结构。不同取向的高分辨像清楚地显示了钾、钠长石形成的片层状多重紧密连生体以及各种调制结构。钾、钠长石的连生界面一般为(601)晶面。其超微结构特征与在中等冷却速率下钾钠长石中按旋节分解机制产生的熔离结构相符。以(010)面为孪晶界面的多重连生微孪晶构成了平均周期约为8*d_(010)的调制结构。     

铜官山铁铜矿床中显微球粒磁铁矿的发现及其成因意义

借助电子显微镜首次在铜官山铁铜矿床中发现显微球粒磁铁矿。显微球粒磁铁矿主要呈连球状(或葡萄状),少数为单球状,粒径0.7—1.8μm。这种与地层整合产出的显微球粒磁铁矿在产状、物性、波谱、微量元素、稀土元素及铅同位素诸方面均明显不同于接触交代(矽卡岩)型磁铁矿,但与沉积成岩黄铁矿有相似之处。故认为这类磁铁矿可能为黄铁矿热变质产物。     

机械研磨作用对磁铁矿低温氧化及磁化率的影响

磁铁矿是岩石、土壤和沉积物中少量而又普遍存在的副矿物,是环境磁记录的主要载体.磁铁矿在表生地质过程中受到机械、生物和化学风化作用使其结构、粒径、氧化程度、磁学性质发生一系列变化,这些变化对环境磁学以及表生地质过程的研究具有重要意义.从矿物学角度研究了磁铁矿粒径、相转变、氧化程度和磁化率随着研磨时间的变化规律.结果表明,平均粒径为4 μm的磁铁矿在研磨1 h后粒径变化趋于稳定,但随着研磨时间的增加,磁化率逐步降低而氧化率逐渐增加.通过对研磨后样品进行XRD分析表明,随着研磨时间的增加,磁铁矿衍射峰强度明显减弱,衍射峰宽化,赤铁矿的衍射峰强度逐渐增强.由此可见,原生磁铁矿(对沉积物而言属于碎屑磁铁矿)低温氧化产物是赤铁矿而不是磁赤铁矿.在表生地质演化过程中颗粒的机械碰撞不仅使磁铁矿颗粒变细,而且可能影响到磁铁矿常温氧化、磁学性质和晶体结构.     

辉石13.5A多形体的高分辨电镜研究

利用高分辨电子显微术观察了球粒陨石中的顽火辉石和斜长岩中的紫苏辉石,发现沿a轴方向有周期为13.5?和22.5?两种多形体与单斜辉石及斜方辉石紧密连生。这些新多形体的产生与高温相向低温相转变过程中Si—O链的错排有关。利用高分辨像推测了Si—O链在两种多形体中的排列方式。同时,还观察和讨论了新多形结构向单斜和斜方辉石的转变。     

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿中纳-微米尖晶石的出溶序次及其成因机制

钛磁铁矿内部尖晶石出溶体的成分组成和形成机制对估算磁铁矿固溶体的成分以计算铁钛氧化物的氧逸度-温度具有重要意义.为了探究攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿中尖晶石的成因及形成机制,运用岩相观察和各种微区原位观测手段,系统研究了各类尖晶石的矿物学特征.尖晶石的粒度在纳微米之间,有3种类型:第1种为钛磁铁矿晶界处不规则的大颗粒尖晶石,Mg#为60~70;第2种为钛磁铁矿颗粒内部的粒状尖晶石,Mg#为71~77;第3种为沿钛磁铁矿（100）方向定向分布的尖晶石片晶,Mg#为75~77.3类尖晶石分别与磁铁矿主晶具有相同的取向关系:{111}_Mag//{111}_Spl,{110}_Mag//{110}_Spl和{100}_Mag//{100}_Spl.3类尖晶石均是磁铁矿主晶的出溶体,钛磁铁矿晶界处及其内部的粒状尖晶石的形成与某些晶体缺陷关系密切,是在降温过程中较早出溶的产物,尖晶石片晶在两者之后以旋节分解出溶形成.      

ICP-AES内标法测定钛铁矿中铜钴镍锰钒铬

采用HCl-HNO3-HF-H2SO4溶矿,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪内标法（ICP—AES）测定,建立了钛铁矿、钒钛磁铁矿中铜、钴、镍、锰、钒、铬等元素的同时测定方法。对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定的最佳仪器条件及分析谱线进行了选择,并对钛、铁基体的影响以及采用Y内标元素消除基体的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明：采用内标法能够消除基体对被测元素的影响,改善分析准确度和精密度,与经典分光光度法和原子吸收法相比较,具有检出限低、灵敏度高,操作简便、快速等突出优点。方法经国家一级钒钛磁铁矿标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

磁铁矿化强烈的铬尖晶石分离方法

超基性岩中铬尖晶石分离方法比较成熟,且效果较好,但有的分离流程较长。我们根据样品实际情况简化了流程。本文只将磁铁矿化强烈的铬尖晶石分离方法作一简要介绍。铬尖晶石磁铁矿化现象非常普遍,在我省一些矿床中,无论副生铬尖晶石还是造矿铬尖晶石常具不同程度的磁铁矿化现象,有的矿化程度很深,磁铁矿沿裂隙深入铬尖晶石内部进行     

长江河流沉积物磁铁矿化学组成及其物源示踪

运用电子探针分析了长江干流和主要支流河漫滩沉积物中磁铁矿的元素组成.磁铁矿中的FeO平均含量稍高于其标准组成,而Fe2O3平均含量则明显低于标准组成;Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mn、Mg、Co和Zn等元素在磁铁矿中含量变化大,不同支流的磁铁矿的元素组成不同,同一取样点不同样品磁铁矿的元素组成变化也较大.金沙江、湘江、汉江及长江干流磁铁矿与钛磁铁矿、钛尖晶石、钒钛磁铁矿和铬铁矿等出溶交生,TiO2、Cr2O3和V2O3等元素含量高且变化大.金沙江磁铁矿富Mg、Al和Cr;大渡河、雅砻江和岷江磁铁矿中微量元素含量大多低于0.5%;涪江、汉江磁铁矿富Ti和V,而湘江磁铁矿富Ti和Al;总体上,长江干流上游磁铁矿富Ti,而下游磁铁矿中Ti、Al、Cr、V、Mg和Mn含量低于0.15%.干流磁铁矿的元素组成变化反映主要支流源岩组成及对干流影响程度的差异.     

Tabular formations in titanomagnetite

A visually homogeneous intrusive titanium magnetite is shown microscopically to consist of two phases: a) solid solution of magnetite in ulvospinel and b) solid solution of ulvospinel in magnetite; the phase ratio is about 1 : 2. On heating in air two new phases are produced in titanium magnetite, as oriented plates forming the mineral's characteristic reticulate microstructure: ilmenite and hematite. Ilmenite disappears on further heating and the end-phase becomes a solid solution of ilmenite in hematite. It is believed that natural oxidation in depths also yields to ilmenite plates in titanium magnetite, if ulvospinel is present. Oriented platelets of hematite may be similarly produced in TiO₂ -free magnetite and in magnesium ferrite, although MgO retards their development in the latter. -- V. P. Sokoloff.     

Magnetite whiskers and platelets in the ALH84001 Martian meteorite: evidence of vapor phase growth

Nanometer-sized magnetite crystals associated with carbonates in fracture zones within Martian meteorite ALH84001 have been examined using analytical transmission electron microscopy. Some of the the crystals exhibit distinctive morphologies: filamentary rods and ribbons, and platelets. The rods and ribbons are elongated along the crystallographic [100] and [111] directions. Some of the rods contain microstructural defects indicating that they grew by spiral growth about screw dislocations. Platelets are flattened along the [100] and [110] directions. These unique morphologies and microstructures constrain the growth conditions of magnetite. The whiskers and platelets most likely formed in the temperature range 500–800°C by direct condensation from a vapor or precipitation from a supercritical fluid, and their properties are inconsistent with a biogenic origin.     

Applied Mineralogical Studies on Iranian Titanium Deposits

Qara-aghaj and Skandian as hard rock titanium deposit and Kahnooj one as a placer deposit were investigated from applied mineralogical point of view. The mineralogical studies were carried out using XRD, XRF, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. These studies indicated that ilmenite and magnetite are main valuable minerals in the studied ores. Pyroxene, olivine and plagioclase are the main gangue minerals in Qara-aghaj ore while chlorite and plagioclase are the major gangue minerals in Skandian ore. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, amphibole, feldspate and some quartz are the important gangue minerals in kahnooj deposit. In all three ores ilmenite is mainly in the form of ilmenite grains but some lamellae of ilmenite with thickness between 0.1 to 20 μm have been occurred as exsolution textures inside magnetite grains, where the magnetite here can be referred to as ilmenomagnetite. In the hard rock ores some fine ilmenites have been disseminated in silicate minerals. The liberation degree of granular ilmenite was determined 150, 140 and 200 μm for Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj, respectively. So, only the granular form of ilmenite is recoverable by physical methods. Some sphene and rutile as titanium containing minerals were observed mainly inside ilmenite phase in kahnooj ore. Some fine rutile was also found inside Skandian ilmenite while there were not any other titanium minerals inside Qara-aghaj ilmenite. Apatite is another valuable mineral which was found only in Qara-aghaj ore. Using SEM and microprobe analysis it was found that there are different amounts of exsolved fine lamellae of hematite inside ilmenite in Qara-aghaj and Kahnooj ores while it was not observed in Sckandian one. The average contents of TiO2 in the lattice of Qara-aghaj, Skandian and Kahnooj ilmenite were determined 51.13, 50.9% and 52.02%, respectively. FeO content of ilmenite lattice for all three samples is clearly lower than the theoretical content. This is due to the substitution of Mg and Mn for some Fe2+ ions in the ilmenite lattice. V2O3 content of magnetite lattice is up to 1%. So, magnetite can be a suitable source for production of vanadium as a by-product in all three deposits.     

内蒙古北山额济纳旗小红山钒钛磁铁矿床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

小红山钒钛磁铁矿床是近年内蒙古北山地区新发现的一个中型钒钛磁铁矿床,含矿辉长岩体侵位于蓟县系平头山组,岩体具全岩矿化,工业矿体主要赋存于中粗粒辉长岩中。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对小红山中粗粒辉长岩体进行了年代学研究,获得该岩体的锆石微区原位SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为424±6Ma,表明小红山钒钛磁铁矿成岩成矿事件发生于中志留世。该时期钒钛磁铁矿床的发现,揭示了北山地区早古生代处于陆缘裂谷环境,这对研究和认识北山地区地质构造演化及开展岩浆矿床找矿具有重要意义。     

An AEM study of garnet clinopyroxenite from the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane: formation mechanisms of oriented ilmenite,spinel, magnetite,amphibole and garnet inclusions in clinopyroxene

Optical microscopy, secondary electron microscopy and analytical electron microscopy were used to characterize crystallographic orientation relationships between oriented mineral inclusions and clinopyroxene (Cpx) host from the Hujialing garnet clinopyroxenite within the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane, eastern China. One garnet clinopyroxenite sample (2HJ-2C) and one megacrystic garnet-bearing garnet clinopyroxenite (RZ-11D) were studied. Porphyroblastic clinopyroxene from sample 2HJ-2C contains oriented inclusions of ilmenite (Ilm), spinel (Spl), magnetite and garnet, whereas clinopyroxene inclusions within megacrystic garnet from sample RZ-11D contain oriented inclusions of ilmenite and amphibole. Specific crystallographic relationships were observed between ilmenite/spinel plates and host clinopyroxene in sample 2HJ-2C and between ilmenite plates and host clinopyroxene in sample RZ-11D, i.e. [1[`1]00 1\bar{1}00 ]<sub>Ilm</sub>//[0[`1]0 0\bar{1}0 ]_Cpx (0001)_Ilm//(100)_Cpx; and [110]_Spl//[0[`1]0 0\bar{1}0 ]<sub>Cpx</sub> ([`1]11 \bar{1}11 )_Spl//(100)_Cpx. These inclusions are suggested to be primary precipitates via solid-state exsolutions. Most of the needle-like magnetite/spinel inclusions generally occur at the rims or along fractures of clinopyroxene within sample 2HJ-2C. Despite the epitaxial relation with host clinopyroxene, these magnetite/spinel needles would have resulted from fluid/melt infiltrations. Non-epitaxial garnet lamellae in clinopyroxene of sample 2HJ-2C were formed via fluid infiltration-deposition primarily along (010) and subordinately along (100) partings. Epitaxial amphibole plates (with a thickness <1 μm) and lamellae (with a thickness = 1–10 μm) in host clinopyroxene of sample RZ-11D were probably results of hydration processes, although amphibole plates could otherwise be interpreted as exsolution products. Temporal relations between mineral inclusions in each sample can be established, and a semi-quantitative P–T path for this garnet clinopyroxenite body was derived accordingly. The present results show that the Hujialing garnet clinopyroxenite may not have subducted to mantle depths as deep as 250 km during UHP metamorphism as suggested by previous studies. This study demonstrates that the crystallographic and temporal/spatial relationships between aligned inclusions and host minerals are essential to a correct genetic interpretation of metamorphic rocks.     

Ore petrology of the V-Ti magnetite (lodestone) layers of the Kurihundi area of Sargur schist belt,Dharwar craton

The V-Ti magnetite layers (lodestone) occur within the layered gabbro-anorthosites-ultramafic rocks emplaced into the migmatitic gneisses close to the high grade Archeaen Sargur supracrustal rocks in the Kurihundi area. The ore petrographic studies of the lodestone reveal the presence of primary Ti-magnetite, ilmenite, ulvospinel, pleonaste, hematite and pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and secondary Ti-maghemite, martite and goethite as well as secondary covellite. These layers contain Ti-magnetite (60%) and ilmenite (30%) with silicates (<5%) exhibiting granular mosaic texture with well-defined triple junctions and are classified as adcumulus rocks. The grain-boundary relationships in the ores indicate considerable postcumulus growth and readjustment due to combined effects of sintering and adcumulus growth. Intergrowth textures (ulvospinel, ilmenite and pleonaste in Ti-magnetite and hematite in ilmenite) reflects exsolution features crystallized from solid-solutions compositions under different conditions of oxygen fugacities. Larger bodies of pleonaste and ilmenite in Ti-magnetite become lensoid or rounded in outline and these morphological modifications took place during the regional upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies metamorphism at 2.6 Ga ago. The lodestone contains high TiO₂ (20 to 22.59 wt%), with V₂O₅ (0.85 to 1.15%) and Fe₂O₃ ^t (72.03 to 74.25%). Ti-magnetite shows alteration to Ti-maghemite, martite and goethite due to low temperature oxidation and hydration during weathering.     

Vanadium mineralization in ore of the Vihanti massive sulfide base-metal deposit,Finland

A series of vanadium oxides—shcherbinaite, karelianite, kyzylkumite, coulsonite, and berdesinskiite—was found in association with pyrrhotite in pyrite-pyrrhotite ore from the Paleoproterozoic Vihanti massive sulfide deposit of the Kuroko-type. It is suggested that enrichment in vanadium of massive sulfide ore from the Vihanti deposit is a result of their metamorphogenic regeneration and pyrrhotinization at the expense of rocks and ore enriched in vanadium. The list of rare minerals in massive sulfide ore has been extended.     

某地变彩斜长石宝石学特征及变彩机理研究

某地变彩斜长石宝石学特征研究指出 ,其产生变彩的原因有 :1光在双晶面上发生的干涉作用 ;2光在出溶结构上发生的干涉作用 ;3光在穿越特殊包体群时发生的干涉与衍射作用。据此可知 ,斜长石宝石的加工必须进行定向切割