广西乐业林旺金矿床成矿流体包裹体研究

林旺金矿床是滇黔桂地区典型的复合型金矿床之一,具有层位控矿和断裂控矿的双重特点,为揭示矿床成矿流体的性质和来源,对两类矿体中主成矿阶段的石英进行了流体包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温和氢氧同位素测试分析。结果表明:两类矿体中的石英流体包裹体以水溶液包裹体为主,其次是CO_2-H_2O包裹体,水溶液包裹体的均一温度范围为134℃～394℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eqv))范围为1.05%～10.98%,密度范围为0.79～0.94g/cm~3。石英中流体包裹体水的δD_(H2O)范围为-71‰～-57‰,石英的δ~(18) O_(V-SMOW)范围为21.7‰～26.5‰,计算得到流体的δ~(18)O_(H2O)范围为11.7‰～16.5‰,表明成矿流体来源于混合的变质水。成矿流体总体属于中低温、低盐度、中低密度的流体,具有的典型卡林型金矿床的成矿流体特征。     

胶东蓬莱金矿区流体包裹体和氢氧同位素地球化学研究

蓬莱地区金矿床以石英脉型为主,其次是蚀变岩型;成矿条件与著名的玲珑金矿床相似。金主要产于黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英脉中。流体包裹体研究表明,金矿床中主要存在两种类型的流体包裹体:CO_2-H_2O 包裹体和中低盐度的NaCl-H_2O 溶液包裹体。CO_2-H_2O 包裹体气相以 CO_2为主,可含少量 CH_4、H_4S、CO。其中,黄铁绢英岩的石英中含有丰富的CO_2-H_2O 包裹体,而黄铁矿石英脉和多金属硫化物石英脉中富 CO_2与富 H_2O 的 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体共存。显微测温结果显示,黄铁绢英岩中的 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体的均一温度范围为230℃～300℃;而黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英包裹体的均一温度为220℃～390℃,鉴于这些包裹体是从不混溶的 CO_2-H_2O 流体中捕获的,因此它们的温度下限220℃～250℃左右,应该看作是它们的形成温度。成矿早期流体为富含挥发份(流体密度0.92～0.985g/cm~3)、中低盐度(4.15%～5.23%NaCl eqv)的流体;到主成矿期逐渐演化为温度升高,盐度变化范围大(1.02%～15.5%NaCl eqv),水溶液以 NaCl 为主,气体仍以 CO_2为主,但可含少量的 CH_2、H_2S、CO 及有机质等的流体(流体密度0.32～0.99g/cm~3);成矿期后的流体盐度、温度及 CO_2含量降至最低。本区矿床中石英的δ~(18)O 值变化在13.8‰～18.3‰,成矿流体的δ~(18)O 值在4.9‰～10.9‰之间,流体包裹体中δD变化范围很小,从-78‰变化到-101‰,主要集中在-78‰～-88‰之间。由此表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,伴有大气降水的参与。在主成矿期成矿流体表现出明显的多期、多来源特征。温度降低和流体不混溶是导致金等成矿元素沉淀和富集的重要机制。     

胶东邓格庄金矿成矿流体、成矿物质来源与矿床成因

邓格庄金矿是胶东牟平-乳山成矿带第二大石英脉型金矿床,其空间产出受断裂构造、荆山群变质地层和岩浆活动联合制约。对不同类型蚀变岩和不同阶段金脉体流体包裹体研究表明:包裹体可划分为液相包裹体(Ⅰ)、气相包裹体(Ⅱ)、含液体CO_2包裹体(Ⅲ)和含子矿物包裹体(Ⅳ)四类。从热液蚀变期到主成矿期,包裹体的种类增多,数量增多,主成矿期可见Ⅲ和Ⅳ型包裹体。激光拉曼探针分析结果显示成矿流体的气相成分类型包括CO_2-CH_4-H_2O、CO_2-H_2O、CO_2-CO_2和CO_2-CH_4四种,以CO_2为主,H_2O次之,主成矿期出现了少量的CH_4,成矿流体总体属CO_2-H_2O-NaCl体系。成矿流体完全均一温度变化范围为177～361℃,峰值240～280℃;盐度为1.7%～16.3%NaCleqv,密度变化范围为0.65～0.97g/cm~3;表明该矿床属于中低温、中低盐度、中低密度热液脉型矿床,成矿流体为酸性、弱酸性,且富含CO_2、CH_4等还原性质的热液体系。从热液蚀变期到成矿期各个阶段成矿温度、盐度、密度总体显示降低趋势。邓格庄金矿石英的δD值为-87.6‰～-80.7‰,δ18O_(H_2 O)值为5.87‰～7.49‰;δ13C_(V-PDB)值为-3.6‰～0.7‰,δ18O_(V-SMOW)值为1.3‰～9.1‰;δ34S值的变化范围在8.4‰～10.8‰之间;表明成矿流体来源于深部流体,以岩浆水为主,少量的大气降水参与了成矿过程。流体包裹体及C-H-O-S同位素研究,并结合地质特征,表明邓格庄金矿是与白垩系岩浆岩有关的,受断裂构造控制,并以大面积钾长石化为特征标志的中温岩浆热液型矿床,充填作用和混合作用可能是金矿成矿物质大规模沉淀的机制。     

新疆托里县哈西金矿床包裹体-同位素地球化学及成因探讨

哈西金矿床位于哈萨克斯坦―准噶尔板块(Ⅰ级)唐巴勒―卡拉麦里沟弧带(Ⅱ级)西准南部扎依尔推覆体(Ⅲ级)玛依勒―哈图构造块体(Ⅳ)。通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析研究成矿流体性质,探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果表明,流体包裹体有气液两相、含纯液相和纯气相包裹体3种类型。气相成分以CO_2为主,其次是H_2O,总体属于CH_4-H_2O-CO_2体系;结合氢氧同位素地球化学特征(δD值为-60‰~-67.4‰;δ~(18)O值为14.3‰~16.8‰),以及稀土配分和同位素定年证据,确定本区成矿物质来于深部,成矿流体主要来源于火山-次火山岩浆热液,矿床形成于海西期具两阶段成矿特点,属中低温热液矿床。     

厄立特里亚Koka金矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义

厄立特里亚Koka金矿床产于努比亚地盾新元古代浅变质岩系中,矿体主要赋存于Koka微晶花岗岩内,受剪切构造控制,是在该国发现的大型造山型金矿床。矿床含金石英脉中石英中赋存的原生流体包裹体分为富CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和H_2O包裹体共3种类型,以大量发育富CO_2包裹体与CO_2-H_2O包裹体为特征。成矿流体具有富CO_2、中低温(210～360℃)、中低盐度(w(NaCl_(eq))=2.24%～8.51%)的特征。流体中阳离子主要为Na~+与少量K~+,阴离子为Cl~-与少量SO_4~(2-),气相成分主要为CO_2与H_2O,基本不含其他气体组分,流体属于NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系。成矿流体密度变化范围较大(0.597～0.969 g/cm~3),其中高密度的富CO_2包裹体捕获的最小P-T条件为260～360℃、100～270 MPa,形成于区域变质作用时期。成矿流体的δD_(V-SMOW)范围为-57‰～-50.1‰,δ~(18)O_水范围为1.4‰～3.2‰,表明Koka金矿床成矿流体主要来源于变质热液,并伴有大气降水的混入。成矿流体中CO_2-H_2O包裹体气相分数变化范围很大(15%～80%),与之共生的H_2O包裹体具有相似的盐度以及较低的均一温度,表明初始的CO_2-H_2O型流体发生了不混溶作用,导致相分离,产生的大量富CO_2流体,并使金大量沉淀。     

广西栗木钨锡铌钽矿区流体包裹体及氢氧同位素研究

本文通过对广西栗木矿区金竹源矿床和水溪庙矿床的流体包裹体研究,得出该矿区流体包裹体主要有两相H_2O-NaCl和H_2O-NaCl-CO_2两种类型。显微测温结果表明:两相H_2O-NaCl型流体包裹体均一温度主要集中于181.9~258.8℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)主要集中于4.01%~6.87%,密度0.690~0.988 g/cm3;H_2O-NaCl-CO_2型流体包裹体均一温度为178.5~331.1℃,主要集中在两个温度段,分别为高-中温段(265.3~315.5℃)和中-低温段(202.3~264.1℃),盐度w(NaCleq)主要集中在0.21%~5.05%,密度为0.678~0.886 g/cm3。栗木矿区成矿流体有两个温度集中段,且具有低盐度、低密度的特征。氢氧同位素研究结果表明:金竹源矿床钨锡铌钽矿化花岗岩石英δD值为-73.6‰~-62.8‰,δ~(18)OV-SMOW值为7.5‰~8.9‰,计算得δ~(18)OH2O值为6.00‰~7.40‰;水溪庙矿床钨锡铌钽矿化花岗岩石英δD值为-73.8‰~-58.3‰,δ~(18)OV-SMOW值为11.0‰~13.2‰,计算得δ~(18)OH2O值为9.50‰~11.70‰,水溪庙矿床含钨锡石英脉石英δD值为-75.3‰~-56.6‰,δ~(18)OV-SMOW值为11.8‰~14.1‰,计算得δ~(18)OH2O值为2.20‰~4.50‰。栗木矿区钨锡铌钽矿化花岗岩成矿流体来源于岩浆水,含钨锡石英脉成矿流体来源于岩浆水和大气降水的混合流体。     

内蒙古红花沟金矿床的流体包裹体研究

含金石英脉产于角闪斜长片麻岩的内蒙古红花沟和莲花山金矿床。石英中流体包裹体以气液比为(5～30)%的两相H_2O包裹体为主,很少见到富气H_2O包裹体,有少量CO_2-H_2O包裹体,其初熔温度为-56.6～-56.3℃,CO_2临界温度平均为+16.1℃,CO_2水合物消失温度为+5.6℃。成矿流体主要为含少量CO_2的均一的NaCl-H_2O溶液。盐度平均为(4.75～6.73)wt%NaCl,包裹体δD为(-85.5～-97.7)‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为(-2.0～+2.1)‰,δ~(13)C_(co_2)为(-8.3～-2.2)‰,表明成矿流体来源于岩浆水和天水。引起金氯络合物分解的主要因素是温度的变化,成矿过程中多量天水的渗入,使体系温度下降至180～240℃,并导至溶液由酸性向中性(pH=5～6)转化,在f_(02)约为10~(-35)～10~(-41)Pa,Eh约为0.5时,产生自然金的沉淀,     

新疆东天山红石金矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源示踪

红石金矿床是新疆东天山康古尔塔格金矿带中的代表性矿床之一,本文对其进行了比较系统的流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究。流体包裹体研究结果表明,红石金矿床的成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、中低密度的富 CO_2流体。石英氢同位素组成δD_(SMOW)为-104‰～-63‰,石英氧同位素组成δ~(18)O_(石英)为13.8‰～15.5‰、δ~(18)O_水为-1.7‰～6.1‰。方解石碳同位素组成δ~(13)C_(PDB)为-3.5‰～-2.7‰,方解石氧同位素组成δ~(18)_(PDB)为-28.9‰～-26.5‰、δ~(18)O_(SMOW)为1.1‰～3.5‰。H、O、C 同位素组成特征指示红石金矿床成矿流体主要起源于深部,后期混合有大气水。黄铁矿硫同位素组成δ~(34)S 为-11.5‰～3.8‰,集中于0.4‰～3.8‰,平均值为1.73‰,指示了成矿物质中的硫具有接近陨石硫的深源特征。红石金矿床的成矿作用可概括为富含成矿元素的深源流体在区域剪切构造作用下沿剪切系统不断向上运移,逐渐与浅部流体混合并与围岩发生交代蚀变作用,由于物理化学条件的改变,成矿元素最终在剪切扩容空间中富集成矿。     

大兴安岭北段争光金矿床成因探讨:来自流体包裹体及稳定同位素的制约

争光浅成低温热液型金矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带北段,是多宝山矿集区内的一个重要矿床。文章通过流体包裹体和C_H_O_He_Ar同位素的系统研究,对该矿床成矿流体和矿床成因进行了深入探讨。矿床成矿作用可划分为4个主要阶段:石英_黄铁矿阶段(成矿前阶段)、石英_多金属硫化物阶段(主成矿阶段)、方解石_(石英)_多金属硫化物阶段(主成矿阶段)和方解石阶段(成矿后阶段)。流体包裹体研究表明,争光金矿床主要发育富液相流体包裹体。石英_黄铁矿阶段、方解石_(石英)_多金属硫化物阶段和方解石阶段流体包裹体的均一温度分别介于116~243℃(集中于150~170℃)、129~294℃(集中于140~160℃)和130~155℃(集中于130~150℃);w(NaCleq)分别介于0.9%~10.1%、1.2%~13.8%和2.7%~8.7%。成矿流体具有低温、低盐度、相对还原的特征,属H_2O_Na Cl体系。石英_黄铁矿阶段成矿流体的δD和δ18O分别为-127‰~-110‰和-5.9‰~0.6‰,蚀变围岩的δD值和δ18O值分别为-118‰~-108‰和6.3‰~7.9‰。方解石_(石英)_多金属硫化物阶段和方解石阶段方解石的δ~(13)C分别为-5.3‰~-2.0‰和-2.9‰~-2.2‰,δ18O分别为7.7‰~9.3‰和9.9‰~13.5‰。黄铁矿流体包裹体的~3He/~4He、~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar和~(40)Ar*/4He比值分别为1.75~3.06 Ra、683~1295和0.30~0.63。综合流体包裹体特征和稳定同位素组成,认为成矿早阶段成矿流体为大气降水与围岩发生水_岩反应后的演化水。随着成矿作用的进行,成矿流体变为大气降水与岩浆水的混合水,但仍以大气降水为主导。成矿流体与贫H_2S的流体混合和硫化物沉淀的共同作用可能是该矿床金沉淀的主要机制。     

云南南秧田钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

对南秧田矽卡岩型钨矿床的石英和石榴石流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体主要有3类:富液相、富气相和含子晶的多相包裹体。石英包裹体均一温度范围为232～337℃,盐度w(NaCl)=0.53%～9.98%;石榴石包裹体的均一温度范围为228～306℃,盐度w(NaCl)=6.45%～14.04%。激光拉曼探针分析表明,南秧田白钨矿的成矿流体中气相成分以H2O为主,含少量CO2、CH4、H2S和N2等气体,液相成分以H2O为主,属NaCl-H2O流体体系。成矿溶液的密度为0.72～0.87g/cm3,表明形成这种矽卡岩型矿床的成矿流体均属于中温、低盐度、低密度的流体。成矿压力为18～32MPa,成矿深度约为0.6～1.2km。石英包裹体水的δD为-72.16‰～-65.10‰,δ18O为7.98‰～8.45‰,钨矿床中硫化物δ34S为6.6‰。成矿流体主要来自燕山晚期的岩浆热液作用。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period

Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20140751 Guo Xincheng(Geological Party,BGMRED of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China);Zheng Yuzhuang Determination and Geological Significance of the Mesoarchean Craton in Western Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang,China(Geological Review,ISSN0371-5736,CN11-1952/P,59(3),2013,p.401-412,8     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141058 Chen Ling(Key Laboratory of Mathematical Geology of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu610059,China);Guo Ke Study of Geochemical Ore-Forming Anomaly Identification Based on the Theory of Blind Source Separation(Geosci-     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20141624 Cai Xiongfei(Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Yang Jie A Restudy of the Upper Sinian Zhengmuguan and Tuerkeng Formations in the Helan Mountains(Journal of Stratigraphy,ISSN0253-4959CN32-1187/P,37(3),2013,p.377-386,5 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20142263Lü Shaojun(Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330030,China)Early-Middle Permian Biostratigraphical Characteristics in Qiangduo Area,Tibet(Resources SurveyEnvironment,ISSN1671-4814,CN32-1640/N,34(4),2013,p.221-227,2illus.,2tables,22refs.)Key words:biostratigraphy,Lower Permian,Middle Permian,Tibet     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20142560Hu Hongxia(Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China);Dai Lixia Application of GIS Map Projection Transformation in Geological Work(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.160-163,4illus.,2refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20140692 Duo Tianhui(No.402 Geological Team,Exploration of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Authority,Chengdu611730,China);Wang Yongli Computer Simulation of Neptunium Existing Forms in the Groundwater(Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,ISSN1001-1749,CN51-1242/P,35(3),