内蒙古拜仁达坝-维拉斯托银多金属矿床的矿相学特征

拜仁达坝和维拉斯托是近年来在内蒙古东部地区发现的2个大型银多金属矿床。文章通过岩相学、BSE图像与电镜能谱等手段对其矿相学特征进行了系统研究。笔者结合矿床地质特征,厘清了2个矿区金属矿物的种类、产出状态及生成顺序,共确定3期4个阶段的矿化作用。第1期成矿作用主要形成胶状黄铁矿,代表低温热（水）的沉积环境。第2期成矿作用是一次中高温热液成矿作用,以高温矿物毒砂与锡石为标志,形成As-S金属硫化物矿化：黄铁矿+闪锌矿+方铅矿+磁黄铁矿+黄铜矿+毒砂+锡石,随后经历了强烈的构造破碎和强烈的糜棱岩化,形成了一系列具有脆性变形-角砾状和塑性变形-糜棱状结构构造特征的矿石类型。第3期成矿作用包括2个成矿阶段：第1阶段为中高温热液成矿阶段,形成一系列富S的金属矿化和Bi+Ag的金属硫化物：毒砂→黄铁矿→自然Bi+硫银铋矿→方铅矿+磁黄铁矿+闪锌矿+黄铜矿等;第2阶段为中-低温热液活动,形成一系列贫S富Sb+Ag的金属硫化物：磁黄铁矿+方铅矿+闪锌矿→纤硫锑铅矿+银黝铜矿→六方锑银矿+锑银矿→自然银。其中铅锌矿化与第2、3期成矿作用有关,而银矿化主要与第3期成矿作用的第4阶段有关。     

西藏扎西康锌多金属矿床地质特征及银的赋存状态研究

扎西康锌多金属矿床位于西藏特提斯喜马拉雅板片的"金锑多金属"成矿带东段。研究显示,矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状产于近南北向的张性断裂中。热液成矿作用主要可划分为早、晚2个成矿阶段,7个成矿亚阶段,早期以铅锌矿化为主,晚期以锑(铅)矿化为主。岩矿石镜下鉴定和电子探针分析表明,扎西康矿床矿石种类繁多,矿物组合和成矿元素均呈现明显的分带现象,由深至浅(W→E)为含锡(铁)闪锌矿+铁锰碳酸盐+少量方铅矿+少量黄铜矿(深部)→(铁)闪锌矿+铁锰碳酸盐+少量方铅矿+黄铁矿+毒砂+少量银黝铜矿+少量石英(中深部)→方铅矿+闪锌矿+脆硫锑铅矿+铁锰碳酸盐+硫锑铅矿+少量银黝铜矿+石英(中部)→辉锑矿+方铅矿+少量闪锌矿+石英+少量铁锰碳酸盐(浅部),对应的元素分带为Zn(Pb+Ag+Cu+Sn)→Zn(Pb+Ag)→Zn+Pb(Sb+Ag)→Pb+Sb+Ag+Zn。矿区银矿化主要集中在Ⅴ号矿体ZK2703-ZK2302、ZK1502-ZK1105和ZK806三个区域,与铅锑矿化关系密切。矿石中银主要以类质同象的形式存在,独立银矿物相对较少。其中,类质同象银主要赋存在方铅矿中,少量赋存在硫锑铅矿、脆硫锑铅矿、毒砂、黄铁矿等金属硫化物中;独立银矿物有少量的银黝铜矿、硫锑铅银矿、银(含银)硫铜锑矿。成矿流体中铅、锌、锑、银的运移和富集沉淀是受体系中温度、压力、浓度、pH值等多种因素综合控制的结果。     

内蒙拜仁达坝银铅锌多金属矿床地质特征

经详细的光、薄片鉴定和电子探针分析,认为该矿床矿石组成比较复杂,主要为磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、铁闪锌矿、毒砂、黄铁矿、银黝铜矿和黄铜矿等,其次还有闪锌矿、辉银矿、自然银、黝锡矿、硫锑铅矿、胶状黄铁矿、铅矾、褐铁矿和孔雀石等。其中银黝铜矿,黝锡矿和硫锑铅矿是本次工作新鉴定出的矿物。结合成矿地质特征、矿物共生组合特点和矿物间的穿插关系,将该矿床的成矿作用划分为热液成矿期和表生氧化期。热液期又可划分出4个成矿阶段：Ⅰ.毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段,该阶段矿化较弱;Ⅱ.石英-闪锌矿-磁黄铁矿阶段,该阶段矿化范围大,强度大,是锌的主成矿阶段,并伴随少量的银矿化;Ⅲ.银多金属硫化物阶段,该阶段是该区最重要的银铅锌成矿阶段;Ⅳ.碳酸盐-萤石-玉髓阶段,该阶段在矿区内分布广泛,矿化不发育,属成矿的尾声。结合测温研究确定该矿床是受断裂构造控制的中温热液矿床。     

新疆哈密卡拉塔格块状硫化物矿床金银赋存状态研究

新疆哈密红海黄土坡VMS矿床位于东天山卡拉塔格隆起带,是卡拉塔格矿集区内新发现的块状硫化物矿床。矿体产于卡拉塔格隆起带核部火山沉积岩建造中,具有典型的VMS型矿床“上层下脉”二元结构特征。该矿床中含金硫化物矿石主要有块状黄铁矿黄铜矿、块状黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿、块状黄铁矿闪锌矿黄铜矿和块状闪锌矿。文中在对各类含金硫化物矿石进行详细的矿相学研究基础上,结合扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪联用技术(SEM/EDS),对硫化物样品中金、银的赋存状态进行研究。结果表明,4种块状硫化物中的主要矿物形成于多个期次,主要包括VMS成矿期(黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿黄铜矿黝铜矿方铅矿阶段、石英重晶石阶段)、热液叠加期(石英黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿方铅矿阶段)和表生期(铜蓝纤铁矿阶段)。矿区首次发现4颗金银金属互化物(银金矿、碲银矿),其较大的化学成分差异指示了热液环境由中酸性中性转变为更有利于Au、Ag迁移沉淀的偏碱性。后期的偏碱性热液对VMS成矿期形成矿物产生了交代作用,使得Au、Ag活化再富集。由于后期热液叠加改造,红海VMS型矿床中Au、Ag不仅赋存于VMS成矿期后期中低温闪锌矿黄铜矿阶段,也赋存于VMS成矿期早期中高温黄铁矿阶段,并贯穿整个热液叠加期。各含金矿物组合中除4颗金银金属互化物外Au多呈显微不可见状态,推测Au、Ag主要以原子或离子形式赋存于矿物晶格中或矿物空位处。     

甘肃老豆金矿矿石中金属矿物组成特征研究

老豆金矿床是西秦岭夏河—合作矿集区典型金矿床之一。本文通过显微镜下观察和电子探针分析,确认矿石中存在黄铁矿、毒砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿、辉锑矿、辉锑铅矿、脆硫锑铅矿、块硫锑铜矿、方黝锡矿等多种矿物,确定老豆金矿成矿金属元素组合为Au-As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn,根据金元素含量特点判断金元素主要以超显微纳米级自然金(Au0)和固溶体金(Au+)的形式附存于闪锌矿等载金矿物中,方黝锡矿等还原性矿物特征指示矿床形成于氧逸度较低,硫逸度较高的还原环境中。     

东昆仑造山带那更康切尔沟银矿床典型硫化物特征及其指示意义

那更康切尔沟银矿床位于东昆仑造山带东段昆中断裂北侧,是青海省近年来新发现的主要受北西向断层控制的大型独立热液脉型银矿床,此文首次对其典型硫化物进行了系统的研究。显微矿相学观察和电子探针分析等研究表明,该矿床鄂拉山组地层中硫化物主要包括闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,而金水口岩群地层中硫化物除包括上述矿物外还含较多黄铜矿、白铁矿、毒砂、黝锡矿、磁黄铁矿。其中自然银和辉银矿与闪锌矿、毒砂和黝锡矿在空间分布上关系较密切,Ag的赋存状态除以独立银矿物存在外,还以类质同像的形式赋存于方铅矿中,并且金水口岩群和鄂拉山组方铅矿Ag含量具有明显差异,含Ag平均值分别为0.33%和0.64%,其它硫化物中基本不含Ag。此外,金水口岩群和鄂拉山组闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等成分标型特征指示那更康切尔沟银矿床成矿作用为火山成因,而两种赋矿地层中的成矿流体在温度、成分、硫逸度等方面均具有明显差异性。     

广西五圩箭猪坡Pb-Zn-Sb(Ag)多金属矿床矿物共生组合及其演化特征

广西五圩箭猪坡Pb-Zn-Sb(Ag)多金属矿床是一个罕见的以脆硫锑铅矿、辉锑矿以及铁闪锌矿为主要矿物组成的热液脉状矿床。相互交生的脉中矿物组合变化表明矿化早期以石英+黄铁矿组合沉淀开始,逐渐过渡为铁闪锌矿+脆硫锑铅矿     

皖中沙溪地区沙湖山金铅锌矿床金的赋存状态研究

为探讨皖中沙湖山金铅锌矿床矿体中金的赋存状态及其分布形式,对一号矿体的矿石开展了电子显微镜背散射图像观察和能谱分析,以及钻孔岩心多元素含量分析。结果表明,54勘探线2个钻孔中的矿物组合及金的赋存状态均存在一定差异。ZK5403钻孔中矿物组合为黄铁矿、闪锌矿-方铅矿、毒砂-石英,其中Au可能以超微米级或者纳米级的碲化物形式分布于黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿中,最晚期的毒砂中不含金。而ZK5404中的金矿体则发育在泥质粉砂岩中的黄铁矿细脉中,矿物组合为黄铁矿-石英,基本不含铅锌矿;Au则以显微可见的微米级碲化物形式分布于黄铁矿粒间或包裹于黄铁矿内部。根据金银碲化物的存在,认为成矿热液应为中低温,且具有较高的碲逸度和较低的硫逸度。     

夏塞银矿床中硫盐矿物成矿作用的重要意义

夏塞银多金属矿床地处我国四川省巴塘县茶洛乡,按照大地构造单元划分其位于川西义敦岛弧造山带的中央地段。它是我国最早发现的大陆碰撞型矿床。该矿床以含高品位的Ag,伴生Sn、Cu、Bi、Cd、Au,以及众多的硫化物及硫盐为特征,其种类多达50种,尤以辉锑铅银矿及银锑黝铜矿系列最丰富,系该矿山银资源的主要矿石矿物。其他如锑端元硫砷锑铅矿、脆硫锑银铅矿、硫锑铅矿-脆硫锑铅矿系列亦有发育。本文旨在查明此类矿物的成因并探索其重要的成矿作用。本文通过EMP及SEM-EDS等方法查明上述矿物的赋存形式并分析其化学组成。结果表明上述矿物均以显微包裹体状态散布于硫化物方铅矿及铁闪锌矿中。代表性的辉锑铅银矿包裹体粒径大小悬殊,形态各异,粒度从1μm至50μm不等,且以两组成90°正交的网状构造分布在方铅矿中,此种构造实属罕见,此外尚见有其他多种奇特形态。将银锑黝铜矿系列的Ag/(Ag+Cu)与Zn/(Zn+Fe)比值在Sack等温曲线中投图,估算生成银锑黝铜矿系列的流体温度为200~350℃。参照以往包裹体测温数据认为夏塞地区Ag、Sn多金属矿床应属岩浆期后的中温热液类型矿床。本文再次强调硫盐矿物在夏塞银矿床成矿作用中的重要性,有助于深刻认识夏塞矿床成因机制。     

广西五圩矿田三排洞矿床Sb-Au与Pb-Zn-Sb矿化地质地球化学特征与复合成矿分析

广西丹池成矿带五圩矿田三排洞矿床由早期Sb-Au矿化和晚期Pb-Zn-Sb矿化组成,而五圩矿田其它矿床则仅见Pb-Zn-Sb矿化。本文对比分析了三排洞矿床两类矿化控矿构造产状、包裹体均一温度、盐度、气液相组成、矿物组合、闪锌矿铁含量等差异,探讨两类矿化成因联系,论证其是否为复合成矿作用形成的矿床。早期Sb-Au矿化主要产于走向320°断裂带中,矿体倾向NE,倾角50°~60°,主要由辉锑矿、雄雌黄、辰砂及自然金组成(Au2×10-6),银含量低(20×10-6);Pb-ZnSb矿化产于走向350°断裂带中,矿脉倾向SWW,倾角70°~80°,主要由闪锌矿、脆硫锑铅矿、特硫锑铅矿、硫锑铅矿等组成,富银(100×10-6),贫金(0.1×10-6)。早期和晚期矿化脉中流体包裹体温度峰值分别在160~200℃和180~230℃之间,富CO_2包裹体数占总包裹体数分别约为8%和45%;早期和晚期矿化闪锌矿Fe含量分别为小于0.12%和在1.40%~3.65%之间;早期矿化锑矿物主要为辉锑矿,晚期矿化锑矿物则主要为脆硫锑铅矿、特硫锑铅矿及硫锑铅矿。上述差异表明早期矿化成矿热液具Sb-Au-As-Hg元素组合,相对贫CO_2及Fe,而晚期矿化成矿流体具Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag元素组合,富CO_2及Fe。据五圩矿田其它Pb-Zn-Sb矿床未发生Au成矿作用、三排洞矿床两期矿化受控于不同产状断裂构造、晚期矿化成矿温度高于早期矿化成矿温度、两期矿化成矿热液元素组成尤其是Au和Ag含量及CO_2含量的明显差异等,可以认为三排洞矿床早期Sb-Au和晚期Pb-Zn-Sb矿化为不同成矿作用的产物,两者没有成因联系,三排洞矿床发生了复合成矿作用。同一矿区不同成矿作用可形成不同元素组合矿体。     

Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t^?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO₂‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO₂‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit.     

Mineralogy of the Boroo Gold Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia

Mineral assemblages and chemical compositions of ore minerals from the Boroo gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were studied to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify crystallization processes of the ore minerals. The gold deposit consists of low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores in granite, metasedimentary rocks and diorite dikes. Moderate to high‐grade auriferous quartz vein ores are present in the above lithological units. The ore grades of the former range from about 1 to 3 g/t, and those of the latter from 5 to 10 g/t, or more than 10 g/t Au. The main sulfide minerals in the ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, both of which are divisible into two different stages (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II; arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite are minor associated minerals, with trace amounts of bournonite, boulangerite, geerite, alloclasite, native gold, and electrum. The ore minerals in the both types of ores are variable in distribution, abundance and grain size. Four modes of gold occurrence are recognized: (i) “invisible” gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores, and in auriferous quartz vein ores; (ii) microscopic native gold, 3 to 100 µm in diameter, that occurs as fine grains or as an interstitial phase in sulfides in the disseminated and stockwork ores, and in auriferous quartz vein ores; (iii) visible native gold, up to 1 cm in diameter, in the auriferous quartz vein ores; and (iv) electrum in the auriferous quartz vein ores. The gold mineralization of the disseminated and stockwork ores consists of four stages characterized by the mineral assemblages of: (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I; (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II; (iii) sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite + bournonite + boulangerite + alloclasite + native gold; and (iv) native gold. In the auriferous quartz vein ores, five mineralization stages are defined by the following mineral assemblages: (i) pyrite‐I; (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite; (iii) sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite; (iv) Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + bournonite + geerite + native gold; and (v) electrum. The As–Au relations in pyrite‐II and arsenopyrite suggest that gold detected as invisible gold is mostly attributed to Au⁺¹ in those minerals. By applying the arsenopyrite geothermometer to arsenopyrite‐II in the disseminated and stockwork ores, crystallization temperature and logfs₂ are estimated to be 365 to 300 °C and –7.5 to –10.1, respectively.     

Silver-Bearing and Associated Minerals in El Zancudo Deposit, Antioquia, Colombia

The occurrence and the chemical compositions of ore minerals (especially the silver‐bearing minerals) and fluid inclusions of the El Zancudo mine in Colombia were investigated in order to analyze the genetic processes of the ore minerals and to examine the genesis of the deposit. The El Zancudo mine is a silver–gold deposit located in the western flank of the Central Cordillera in Antioquia Department. It consists mainly of banded ore veins hosted in greenschist and lesser disseminated ore in porphyritic rocks. The ore deposit is associated with extensive hydrothermally altered zones. The ores from the banded veins contain sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, Ag‐bearing sulfosalts, Pb‐Sb sulfosalts, and minor chalcopyrite, electrum, and native silver. Electrum is included within sphalerite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite, and is also partially surrounded by pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite. Native silver is present in minor amounts as small grains in contact with Ag‐rich sulfosalts. Silver‐bearing sulfosalts are argentian tetrahedrite–freibergite solid solution, andorite, miargyrite, diaphorite, and owyheeite. Pb‐Sb sulfosalts are bournonite, jamesonite, and boulangerite. Two main crystallization stages are recognized, based on textural relations and mineral assemblages. The first‐stage assemblage includes sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and electrum. The second stage is divided into two sub‐stages. The first sub‐stage commenced with the deposition and growth of sphalerite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite. These minerals are characterized by compositional growth banding, and seem to have crystallized continuously until the end of the second sub‐stage. Tetrahedrite, Pb‐Cu sulfosalts, Ag‐Sb sulfosalt, and Pb‐Ag‐Sb sulfosalts crystallized from the final part of the first sub‐stage and during the whole second sub‐stage. However, one Pb‐Ag‐Sb sulfosalt, diaphorite, was formed by a retrograde reaction between galena and miargyrite. The minimum and maximum genetic temperatures estimated from the FeS content of sphalerite coexisting with pyrite and the silver content of electrum are 300°C and 420°C, respectively. These estimated genetic temperatures are similar to, but slightly higher than the homogenization temperatures (235–350°C) of primary fluid inclusions in quartz. The presence of muscovite in the altered host rocks and gangue suggest that the pH of the hydrothermal solutions was close to neutral. Most of the sulfosalts in this deposit have previously been attributed as the products of epithermal mineralization. However, El Zancudo can be classified as a xenothermal deposit, in view of the low pressure and high temperature genetic conditions identified in the present study, based on the mineralogy of sulfosalts and the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions.     

Ore-microscopic and geochemical characteristics of gold-bearing sulfide minerals,El Sid Gold mine,Eastern Desert,Egypt

Gold deposits at El Sid are confined to hydrothermal quartz veins which contain pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. These veins occur at the contact between granite and serpentinite and extend into the serpentinite through a thick zone of graphite schist. Gold occurs in the mineralized zone either as free gold in quartz gangue or dissolved in the sulfide minerals. Ore-microscopic study revealed that Au-bearing sulfides were deposited in two successive stages with early pyrite and arsenopyrite followed by sphalerite and galena. Gold was deposited during both stages, largely intergrown with sphalerite and filling microfractures in pyrite and arsenopyrite.Spectrochemical analyses of separated pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena showed that these sulfides have similar average Au contents. Pyrite is relatively depleted in Ag and Te. This suggests that native gold was deposited in the early stage of mineralization. Arsenopyrite and galena show relatively high concentrations of Te. They are also respectively rich in Au and Ag. Tellurides are, thus, expected to be deposited together with arsenopyrite and galena.     

北山地区金矿床金的赋存状态和金矿物特征

甘肃北山地区金矿床主要有岩浆热液型金矿床和与韧性剪切带有关的金矿床,矿化类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。金多呈独立金矿物形式出现,少放许呈分散状;金矿物以银金矿为主,次为自然金,平均成色７７２;金矿物以粒间金、裂隙金、连生金、连生金和包体金等形成嵌布于石英、黄铁矿、方铅矿及闪锌矿等主要载物较为发育。金矿物特征反映出本区金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于变质岩,华力西－印支期中酸性岩浆活动是主要的动力源。     

夏塞银多金属矿床中硫化物和硫盐系列矿物特征及其意义

夏塞矿主档是大型的热液脉型银多金属矿床,通过对大量矿石光（薄）片观察和电子探针分析表明,除主要（方铅矿、富铁闪锌矿）和次要（黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等）硫化物外,硫盐毓硫物十分发育,主要有Ｃｕ－Ｓｂ－Ａｇ硫盐（黝铜矿、含银黝铜矿和银黝铜矿）、Ｓｂ－Ａｇ硫盐（深红银矿、辉锑银矿）、Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ硫盐（脆硫锑铅矿、硫锑铅矿）和Ｂｉ－Ｐｂ硫盐（斜方辉饿铅矿）。此外,尚有少（微）量黄锡矿、锡石、自然饿和银金矿等。银的硫盐硫物和硫化物（辉银矿）乃是获得银的主要工业矿物,这些硫盐毓矿物常与硫化物伴生,多沿方铅矿、富铁闪锌矿、黄铁矿等的解理、裂隙或粒间产出,这些研究结果不仅有助于了解矿化作用过程,而且为矿床评价,组分综合利用和选冶提供重要依据。     

Mineralogy of the Precambrian southern Kostomuksha gold prospect in Karelia

The southern Kostomuksha gold-sulfide prospect with a grade of 0.2–30 g/t Au belongs to the gold-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite mineral type and is localized in the metasomatically altered shear zone at the southern flank of the Kostomuksha iron deposit. The Au-bearing pyrite ore is commonly characterized by a low grade (0.02–1.0 g/t Au). The grade of Au-bearing mineralization composed of arsenopyrite, loellingite, and electrum (4.28–15.31 wt % Ag and up to 0.99–2.16 wt % Hg) is higher; pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, maldonite, aurostibite, and native bismuth are additional components of this mineral assemblage. The ore mineralization is hosted in the near-latitudinal shear zone close to the contact between the folded and metamorphosed banded iron formation (BIF) and hälleflinta. The early stage of collision-related HP-HT metamorphism resulted in the formation of a garnet-amphibole-biotite assemblage (T = 680-750°C) and microcline. After an abrupt drop m pressure, metasomatic alteration and ore mineralization took place. The ore-forming process started at 510–440°C with deposition of arsenopyrite. Galena and electrum were formed at a lower temperature. The temperature continued to decline down to the stage of ore oxidation and deposition of colloform marcasite. Ore minerals precipitated from acid chloride aqueous solutions admixed with methane at the initial stage and from diluted aqueous solutions at the final stage. The character of wall-rock alteration and the gain of K, Rb, and B show that the ore-forming process postdated the emplacement of potassium granite. The occurrence of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Ni and other heterogeneous elements indicates a complex metamorphic-metasomatic source and an additional supply of Au, As, Bi, Sb, and Te under conditions of sulfur deficiency. The gold mineralization at the southern Kostomuksha prospect is classified as gold-sulfide (arsenopyrite) ore type related to shear zones in the BIF.     

甘肃北山拾金坡金矿床地质特征及成因分析

拾金坡金矿是甘肃北山南带较为典型的含金硫化物石英脉型金矿床,矿化富集与加里东晚期—海西早期拾金坡复式岩体密切相关。矿体产于岩体的内接触带,产出部位明显受近EW向断裂破碎带的控制。矿体主要为大脉状、脉状、透镜状。矿床中发育一套典型的中温热液成因的矿物组合,矿石以强烈的绢云母化、碳酸盐化、硅化和黄铁矿化为特征,矿石的金属矿物组合为自然金_银金矿_黄铁矿_方铅矿_闪锌矿_黄铜矿,矿化属中温热液成因。硫和铅同位素显示成矿金属物质主要来自围岩,即斑状花岗岩;氢和氧同位素组成表明成矿流体来自花岗岩浆水。成矿时代属早—中海西期。因此可推断,拾金坡金矿床属于与构造_岩浆活动有关的中温岩浆热液成因矿床。     

山西省阳高县堡子湾金矿床矿物标型特征

根据成因矿物学及找矿矿物学观点，系统研究堡子湾金矿床黄铁矿、金矿物、方铅矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿等金属矿物，石英、碳酸盐、绢(白)云母和金红石等非金属矿物的产状、形态及化学成分标型，结果表明：①矿床中矿物组合复杂，硫化物种类多，有少量硫盐矿物出现；②矿物中微量元素成分复杂，富含As，Sb，Bi，Se，Te等Au活化、迁移有利的矿化搬运剂，Cu，Ph，Zn，Au，Ag等成矿元素和Cr，Ni，V等深源元素；元素矿物组合及其特征比值指示金矿化与深源(下地壳或上地慢)浅成岩浆热液活动(斑岩系统)有关，燕山期石英二长斑岩(角砾岩)是成矿的主导因素；③矿石中大量出现铁白云石、富铁闪锌矿，粒状、富Ti金红石的大量分布，反映矿床剥蚀深度较大，目前可能已揭露至中深部中温带，位于斑岩系统的中下部，深部金矿化不利；④矿石含丰富的铜矿物，其他硫化物矿物中含铜量大，指示深部可能存在斑岩型Cu(Au)矿化。