福建省德化县青云山铜金矿地质特征及找矿方向

青云山铜金矿为次火山低温热液矿床，矿区共有6个工业铜金矿体，矿体受断裂及构造蚀变带控制，Ⅰ号矿体为石英脉型，其余皆属构造破碎带蚀变岩型。矿区东矿段天花寨一带的不整合面、西矿段的深部、F37和F3断裂及旁侧次级断裂在走向（倾向）上的变化部位是下一步找矿的有利地段。     

福建省德化县青云山铜金矿地质特征及找矿方向

青云山铜金矿为次火山低温热液矿床,矿区共有6个工业铜金矿体,矿体受断裂及构造蚀变带控制,Ⅰ号矿体为石英脉型,其余皆属构造破碎带蚀变岩型.矿区东矿段天花寨一带的不整合面、西矿段的深部、F37和F3断裂及旁侧次级断裂在走向(倾向)上的变化部位是下一步找矿的有利地段.     

平度大庄子金矿成矿流体特征与成矿分析

山东平度大庄子金矿发育2种矿化类型:一是蚀变破碎带型矿体,二是多金属硫化物石英脉型矿体.多金属硫化物石英脉型金矿体成矿流体以岩浆水为主,兼有大气降水参与;而蚀变岩型矿体成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合.石英脉矿化带的流体包裹体均一温度高于蚀变岩型矿化带的均一温度,较深部位的流体包裹体均一温度高于浅部.大庄子金矿目前揭露的矿体处于成矿作用发生时深度较浅、温度相对较低的部位,预测下部仍有较好的工业矿体.     

胶东玲珑金矿田171号脉深部金矿床特征及构造控矿作用

玲珑金矿田171号脉赋存于招平断裂北段破头青断裂中,在其深部探明金资源储量150余吨,确定其为超大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床。为了揭示构造与成矿、深部矿与浅部矿、石英脉型矿与蚀变岩型矿等的关系,为深部找矿提供典型实例和理论依据,文章通过大量矿区地质勘探、野外地质调查和区域地质综合研究,剖析了矿床特征,揭示了构造控矿规律。171号金矿脉深部共有7个金矿体,均为盲矿体。其中,171_1号主矿体埋深120~1700m,呈似层状、大脉状分布,沿走向及倾向显舒缓波状。矿体总体走向60°,倾向SE,倾角36.5~43.5°。矿体长2500m,斜深510~3100 m,平均厚度4.23 m,平均金品位2.71×10~(-6),矿石主要为黄铁绢英岩型(蚀变岩型)。矿脉和矿体受断裂构造控制,矿化、构造、蚀变分带具有一致性。由控矿断裂的主裂面至远离主裂面,构造变形强度由强变弱,蚀变强度和矿化强度也由强变弱。招平断裂是一条切割早期韧性剪切带的脆性断裂,总体呈舒缓波状展布,大部分地段发育于早前寒武纪变质岩系与侏罗纪玲珑型花岗岩之间,断裂上盘脆性变形较弱,下盘脆性变形带宽大,是沿不同时代地质体之间发育的左行铲式正断层,类似于拆离断层,是胶东白垩纪伸展构造的组成部分。玲珑金矿田是典型的石英脉型金矿产地,但大型金矿床多为赋存于断裂构造中的蚀变岩型金矿床,石英脉型金矿床与蚀变岩型金矿床是同一构造系统中不同构造位置的产物;一般在主断裂中赋存蚀变岩型金矿床,在主断裂下盘的次级张裂隙中产出石英脉型金矿床。胶东以正断层为主的伸展构造系统为大规模成矿提供了有利条件,构造、蚀变分带和不同类型金矿床的关系是金矿找矿的重要标志。     

胶东焦家断裂带与金矿的成生关系

文中着重阐述了控矿断裂活动与焦家金矿Ⅱ、Ⅰ、Ⅲ号矿体之间的成生关系。指出:焦家金矿Ⅱ号矿体与控矿断裂第一期活动有关,Ⅰ号矿体与第二期活动有关,Ⅲ号矿体与第三期活动有关。控矿断裂第一、二期活动显压扭性,第三期活动则显张扭性特征,Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体的矿化类型为破碎蚀变岩型,Ⅲ号矿体为多金属硫化物脉型。      

安徽省上成金矿床构造控矿规律与成矿预测

上成金矿位于张八岭构造带北部,是受断裂构造控制的岩浆热液型金矿。通过研究厘定出一条近SN向断裂破碎带—其为管店-龙王尖断裂的北段分支管店-下马断裂—以及F1、F2、F3三条近NW向顺层滑动断裂。石英脉型金矿化受近NW向的顺层滑动断裂构造控制,矿体空间展布上具有平行似等距特征,蚀变岩型金矿化受近SN向断裂破碎带控制。上成金矿床2种不同金矿化类型是同一成矿作用在不同性质的控矿断裂构造下的具体表现,空间结构具有上部石英脉型金矿化下部蚀变岩型金矿化的关系。断裂构造产状变化部位有利于形成矿化弱的厚矿体,反映断裂构造局部地段的高引张空间有利于形成第Ⅰ阶段厚石英脉;而矿脉的分支复合、膨大缩小部位有利于矿化富集,反映断裂构造多期活动强烈地段则有利于Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段矿化叠加富集。矿化的局部富集与矿体的厚度具有一定的负相关性。结合矿化特征、构造控矿规律总结分析,对上成金矿床深部和外围进行了成矿预测。     

莱州纱岭金矿I-2号矿脉赋存特征及富集规律

矿石的共生组合以及近矿围岩蚀变特征表明纱岭金矿I-2号矿脉矿化类型为蚀变岩型金矿,矿床成因类型属混合岩化-重熔岩浆热液型金矿床。焦家成矿断裂带中、深部存在第二矿化富集段。主要找矿标志有北东向压扭性断裂带、黄铁绢英岩化蚀变岩带、低磁场的线状串珠状异常带等指示标志以及特有的指示元素的组合异常;矿化富集规律为构造控矿及岩性控矿。金矿化的强弱依附于主要矿化阶段的发育及迭加程度,即当含有细粒黄铁矿细脉和多金属硫化物石英细脉或其相互迭加时往往形成厚而富的工业矿体,其在空间分布上,服从于矿体南西侧伏规律。     

桂北构造蚀变岩型金矿的发现及成矿规律研究

桂北地区金矿划分为石英脉型、石英细脉薄脉型和构造蚀变岩型金矿.不同级别剪切带构造控制着矿化集中区、矿床、矿体的分布,以及与矿脉形态、产状和矿化类型有着空间上的密切联系.具有上部石英脉型、中部石英细脉薄脉型、下部构造蚀变岩型金矿的矿化分带模式.桂北地区成矿条件好,与国内外许多大型超大型剪切带型金矿有类似成矿地质背景.研究认为,在桂北地区找矿应转变找矿思路,在老矿山深部及周边地区,具有大型构造蚀变岩型金矿找矿前景.     

胶东玲珑金矿田构造蚀变岩测量与成矿预测

对几十年来地质找矿工作进行总结,支撑深部找矿的重大难题,经过多年的实际观测和分析研究,完成了“山东省招远市玲珑金矿构造蚀变成矿图”。玲珑金矿田发育玲珑焦家式金矿--陆内岩浆期后热液蚀变剪切带硫化物石英脉黄铁绢英岩蚀变破碎岩型金矿。该类矿床受断裂破碎带影响,成矿地质体是黄铁绢英岩质蚀变岩带。研究应用构造蚀变岩的地质测量和研究方法,实测了大量的构造岩相剖面,开展了1∶2 000和1∶10 000的填图。结果显示：(1)矿田处于滦家河岩体外接触带,赋矿围岩主要是玲珑似片麻状黑云母花岗岩。花岗岩的似片麻理走向显示北西西至南东东向分布,带有胶东基底的构造痕迹。(2)断裂蚀变矿化带控制了金矿的分布规律,它们受到后期构造的改造。(3)图中从西到东、从北到南,流体交代蚀变岩的规模都逐渐增大,因此,通过断裂蚀变岩的发育情况,可知较大矿床集中在矿田的东南部。东南部构造及蚀变带规模大,矿体埋藏深,有良好的成矿远景。“山东省招远市玲珑金矿构造蚀变成矿图”的编制,反映了区内控矿构造的新资料。关于矿田找矿预测的靶区得到了探矿工程的验证,并有力地支持了今后一个阶段的深部找矿问题。以成矿地质事件为基础的大比例尺构造岩相地质填图及找矿方法,具有重要的成矿研究和深部外围找矿意义,值得进一步深化和推广。     

胶东三山岛断裂构造蚀变岩三维控矿规律研究与海域超大型金矿的发现

三山岛北部海域金矿床位于胶东西北部三山岛成矿带之内,为一严格受断裂构造控制的超大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床。该次找矿预测并获重大突破的预测依据如下：(1)三山岛断裂蚀变矿化带,受NNE和NEE两组方向的区域构造控制,复合叠加呈“N”字形分布。陆上断裂蚀变矿化带接近海域,并没有间断,推测在三山岛北部延伸至海区。(2)焦家和三山岛两断裂蚀变矿化带,具有统一的三维控岩控矿规律。焦家断裂蚀变金矿带向西倾斜,控矿构造和矿化富集程度显示阶梯状分布,其中矿体向南西侧伏,矿体在剖面上呈左行右列式分布;而三山岛断裂蚀变金矿带向东倾斜,其中矿体向NE侧伏,矿体在剖面上呈右行左列式分布。依据陆内构造控岩控矿规律预测海域未知矿体的分布规律,获得了良好的验证。(3)三山岛金矿到焦家金矿的勘探剖面显示,两个控矿构造岩相带倾向相反,但是都在下盘花岗岩区段集中交代蚀变成矿。这一认识为确定深部成矿靶区提供了准确的地质依据。(4)地球物理勘查结果显示,三山岛矿带的重力和磁力异常指出沿“N”字形构造从陆地向海区延伸,这成为预测的重要依据。总之,三山岛北部海域金矿床目前业已取得找矿重大突破。矿床为焦家式破碎蚀变岩型金矿,属中生代燕山晚期岩浆热液脉型矿床,其深部及外围仍具有良好的找矿前景。     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

截潜工程在计算山前侧向补给量中的应用

在计算山前侧向补给量的方法中,最常用的就是达西断面法,但达西断面法需要获取较多的参数,对于山前无钻孔或只有少量钻孔且水文地质研究程度较低的区域,很难采用达西断面法来计算得到山前侧向补给量。对于无法运用达西断面法但存在完整式截潜工程的山丘区,可以结合完整式截潜工程的截潜量利用水量均衡法计算山前侧向补给量。     

"青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究"计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2004年度各相关图幅的大力工作，在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料，综合研究区域构造．地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等，取得重要进展和新认识，在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

“青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究”计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2 0 0 4年度各相关图幅的大力工作,在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料,综合研究区域构造地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等,取得重要进展和新认识,在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

关中盆地大荔地区地下水氟水文地球化学规律

为了研究关中盆地大荔地区氟的水文地球化学规律,采集239个地下水样品及35个土壤样品,分析了水化学类型和水化学组分对氟的影响,结果表明在弱碱性环境下,重碳酸钠型是促进氟富集并增强围岩向地下水中转化的主要因素;硫酸钙镁型的地下水抑制氟富集。水化学组分中Na+、Cl-、HCO3-、pH与氟呈正相关,而Ca2+则抑制水溶液中氟含量增加;迁移系数与HCO3-、pH呈正相关关系,与其他主要离子呈负相关关系。利用Preeqic软件分析了饱和指数和Ca2+、F-的离子活度,得出萤石的平衡控制着氟和钙的水文地球化学行为,F-可能来源于萤石和方解石的分解。     

Determination of Emissions in the City by the Rate of Change in the Integral Content of Impurities in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Doklady Earth Sciences - A new approach to the problem of determining the density of emission fluxes of anthropogenic impurities from distributed urban sources by the rate of growth of the integral...     

Terrane tectonics in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone of mountainous river valleys in the cryolithozone

The significant role of the drainage area’s geological background in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone was revealed for the first time on the basis of long-term observations of streams of the Upper Kolyma River region during the autumn-winter low-water period, when the rivers are fed only by the groundwater recharge. The analysis of all the available data made it possible to define the characteristic periods in the autumn-winter low-water season. The waters of the seasonally thawed layer play the dominant role in the river’s recharge in September; the suprapermafrost water, in January; and the subgelisol water (nonfreezing water streams) during the 30-day-long period of the minimal flow. The quantitative parameters of the groundwater runoff corresponding to its module during this period reflect the water influx to the active water-exchange zone. It is established that the latter is minimal in the In’yali-Debin synclinorium, which consists of sedimentary rocks formed in deepwater trough environments. Their subsequent transformation proceeded under the action of subduction-accretionary and shear strains. The water availability in the active water-exchange in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium zone is substantially higher, although the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic sedimentary formations of this area were also deposited in deepwater trough settings, but their subsequent evolution was related to the uplift of the anticlinorium. The maximal watering is observed in the active water-exchange zone of the Omulevka terrane, which is composed of Paleozoic terrigenous-carbonate and carbonate formations. The differences in the hydrogeological regimes of the terranes may be significant with respect to their geoecology.