宁阳县城区地下水应急后备水源地研究

开展城市应急后备水源地调查研究,对于提高加强城市地下水资源储备,提高城市在特枯年或连续干旱年及污染事件突发时的供水能力,提高饮用水安全保证程度,构建水资源战略储备及保障体系,保障城市供水安全具有重要现实意义。着重研究分析宁阳县地下水富水地段,充分挖掘现有地下水水源地的资源潜力,提出应急供水水源地位置及概算了可供水量。     

21世纪长春市城市供水水源问题

长春市是一个水资源比较贫乏的大城市,水资源一直是困扰该市社会经济发展的主要问题。本文概述了长春市半个多世纪以来城市供水水源随着城市需水量增长而变化的历史过程,预测了21世纪前期城市的需水量,提出了解决城市供水水源的方向,对新世纪城市的供水水源与区域供水规划间的关系、水资源管理政策与法规、水资源分配原则、供水水源投资与经营等问题提出了新的思路和见解。     

南水北调进京后怀柔应急水源地地下水资源涵养研究

怀柔应急水源地作为北京最大的应急地下水源地,在连续10多年的干旱期间,为保障城市供水安全做出了巨大贡献。文章在总结怀柔应急水源地10年供水历程的基础上,评价了连续干旱和应急开采条件下区域水资源的变化;结合南水北调进京的契机,从"资源人工回补"和供水系统"热备运行"两方面开展当地地下水资源涵养研究工作,以保障怀柔应急水源地可持续"应急供水"能力,为应对南水北调供水过程中的突发事件,做好水资源战备储备。     

驻马店市城市水资源资源优化配置初探

驻马店市有水质良好的地下水资源和供水能力充足的板桥供水工程,有必要总结水资源开发利用的经验和存在的问题,采取必要的措施和对策,优化城市供水结构,实现城市水资源的可持续利用.     

韩城市水资源现状及水网建设探讨

全面系统的水网构建对增强城市水资源承载能力、供水安全保障能力、水生态环境保护能力和应急保障能力,改善河湖水系生态环境,增强城市弹性适应环境变化能力等方面具有重要意义。在分析韩城市水系治理现状及存在水资源、水环境、水安全、水生态与水文化等问题的基础上,简述了水网构建总体思路及布局,并提出供水和防洪安全保障、水污染防治和水生态修复、水土保持、水景观和水文化建设、水系管理信息化五大具体规划治理措施。     

宁波城市水资源系统管理与分配

宁波是沿海十四个开放城市之一,华东地区重要的工业和对外贸易口岸,浙江省的经济中心。城市人口今后将增加3倍,工业产值将提高5—10倍;城市规划今后将以老城区为中心和镇海、北仑开发区形成组合型大城市。有关文献估计现有城市供水能力满足不了需水量要求,枯水年缺水1×10~8m~3;特枯年缺水2.49×10~8m~3。水资源的供需矛盾日益尖锐,原因是:缺乏水资源统一管理;重开源、轻节流、重使用、轻保护;违背水的商品价值规律;没有水资源系统管理方案及优化调度程序。本文为最后原因论证供水可行性而撰写,目的在于将系统工程方法应用水资源问题,提出城市水资源管理方案与调度决策;将城市供水、用水和水源统筹考虑,可能有助于系统科学在城市供水问题的解决上推行和使用。     

安徽省城市供水现状及发展对策

本文依据安徽省国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和２０１０年规划目标，在分析我省城市供水现状和存在问题的基础上，提出到本世纪未和２０１０年适应我省城市发展的供水总需求。论述了城市供水实现以上目标应在坚持开源与节流方针的同时，加强水资源保护，进行污水治理、建立健全管理法规的必要性。     

试论郴州城市供水问题

本文依据郴州市附近无较大地表水体和711矿排水量大,又是热水等这一特定环境,结合市区水文地质条件,阐述了该矿床地下水与华塘、郴州两个蓄水构造的水力联系。从充分利用水资源和热能资源的观点出发,试图寻出一种既能满足城市供水,又能保证城市安全、经济、合理、效益好的供水方案,供郴州市人民政府决策城市供水问题参考。     

论京津唐地区城市供水的对策

京津唐地区由于城市集中，用不量日益巨增，致使本区成为华北地区水资源供需矛盾最突出的地区，70年代以来多次发生供水危机。这个地区的水资源问题，引起国家的重视，本文拟在分析地区水资源量、水资源供需现状、2000年水资源供需预测的基础上，对解决城市供水的对策提出一些看法。     

北方城市应急供水水源地研究

伴随着水资源短缺和城市供水风险的加剧,城市应急供水水源地开发成为维持城市可持续发展的必要条件。本文首先阐述了应急供水的概念并对应急供水及应急供水水源地进行了分类,又在全面分析北方城市应急供水水源要求的基础上,提出城市应急供水论证策略,并以长春市东南饮马河中游地下水源地为例在水量、水质、取水方案、环境影响和经济可行性分析方面进行了城市应急供水应用分析。     

甘肃省定西市水源地地下水资源分析评价

在分析定西市城区主要供水水源地内官-香泉盆地水文地质条件的基础上,对盆地地下水位历年变化规律进行了分析。分析表明：地下水位历年呈持续下降趋势,汛期7～9月降水补给地下水资源量增加,地下水位持续回升;5月、6月农业灌溉用水量加大,地下水位下降速率加大。通过地下水资源均衡计算,盆地地下水处于负均衡状态。并对引洮供水工程引水灌溉后的地下水动态作了趋势预测。     

气候变化和人类活动对华北平原水资源影响分析

华北平原是我国粮食的重要产地.地下水资源是该地区的主要供水水源,在开采量增加和气候变化的影响下,水资源问题制约着该地区的发展.特别是近些年来降水量减少、气温呈上升趋势,使本来就少的水资源更削弱了补给资源.通过对降水、蒸发、地表径流、地下水流场变化、地下水资源的系列变化分析,认为降水量减少、气温升高、人类治水工程和开采地下水等因素是造成本地区水资源减少的重要原因.     

山东鲁北平原地下水资源与可持续利用

鲁北平原目前区内供水水源以黄河客水和地下水为主。最新均衡计算结果为:浅层地下水开采资源量37 03×108m3 a,深层地下水开采资源量2 62×108m3 a。据山东省水资源可持续利用总体规划报告,现状年需水量约74×108m3 a,2010年需水量为93×108m3 a,2030年需水量为109×108m3 a,现状年供需基本平衡,远景供水不足。浅层地下水易采易补,更新能力强,应以合理调控水位为中心,优先开采浅层地下水,充分发挥浅层地下水资源的供水功能,尤其是东阿—齐河—商河—利津沿黄地区更应加强开发浅层水的力度。浅层水为可持续利用的地下水资源量。深层地下水更新能力弱,应严格限制其开发利用。在德州、滨州漏斗中心区,建议实施部分封井,调减开采量。实行地表水与地下水联合调度,优化水资源开发结构,适当增加地表水引用量,实施含水层的恢复工程,遏制地面沉降等环境问题的继续发展,走全面、协调、可持续发展的路子。     

Water-deficit-based drought risk assessments in Taiwan

Taiwan is located in Western Pacific and receives approximate 2,500?mm rainfall per year. Suffered from inadequate water supply during prolonged and severe droughts, assessing drought risk becomes one of the key tasks of water-resources planning and management in Taiwan. Well-prepared drought mitigation measures require assimilation of physical environment of droughts and human socioeconomic factors. An index-based approach is presented in this study to evaluate drought risk at municipal scale in Taiwan for current status (2008) as well as future scenarios (2021). A multiplicative formula links drought hazard (frequency, duration, and severity of droughts), drought exposure (water use), and drought vulnerability (unreliable water supply) to determine drought risk. This approach quantifies the spatial distribution of drought risk and is able to deal with future changes of water use and water-supply source and to examine their influences on drought risk assessments. The results reveal that the regions that are at great risk in the future are those regions already threaten by drought currently. Changes of future water use and water-supply source would not significantly alter spatial distribution of drought risk and ranking order among regions. These results present a basis for future water-resources planning and economic developments for each municipal region.     

榆次源涡水源地裂隙含水系统地下水位持继下降的原因分析及供水对策

源涡水源地含水层为一层间和裂隙混合的半开放含水系统,水位持续下降的原因是系统内大量增加开采井、过量超采所致。为此,在研究课题提出了榆次市主要供水对策。     

Groundwater quality and rural drinking-water supplies in the Republic of Moldova

 This paper describes the results of a groundwater quality assessment conducted in two pilot areas, Balatina and Carpineni, in the Republic of Moldova. Shallow groundwater is the main source of drinking water in rural areas, but reliable data on its quality are currently insufficient for developing rural water-supply systems with standard designs. The main components of the study included a field sampling program (including pesticides), an evaluation of the reliability of existing drinking-water data, an analysis of land use and groundwater-pollution risks using GIS, and the formulation of recommendations to reduce risks for public health. Microbiological, nitrate, and selenium contamination are most serious in the villages. These contaminants should be given priority in addressing drinking-water aspects for rural water-supply development in the two pilot areas. Pollution occurs mainly due to poor sanitary conditions. In a few shallow wells, traces of selected pesticides were observed, but the effect of these levels of pesticides on public health is still unclear. Limited resources of shallow groundwater of good quality occur outside the villages. Additional pilot studies should be implemented to prove the technical and institutional feasibility of developing and protecting these resources. Received, September 1997 Revised, September 1998 Accepted, March 1999     

Nitrate temporal and spatial patterns in 12 water-supply wells, Yucatan, Mexico

 The nitrate concentration in 12 water-supply wells were monitored for the period April 1992 to March 1993. Each water-supply well was sampled once a month. The nitrate concentrations in the 12 wells ranged from 7 to 156 mg/l. Two water-supply wells (Chacsinkin and Peto) showed concentrations that reached 3.5 times the maximum permissible limit for the Drinking Water Standard (45 mg/l). A third water-supply well (Akil) exceeds the norm for 7 out of 12 months. The use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers are responsible for high nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the southern part of Yucatan, Mexico where intensive agricultural practices exist. Received: 14 December 1999 · Accepted: 2 May 2000     

区域供水系统干旱历时特性综合分析

根据区域供水系统中供水水库(群)的蓄水状态及其运行调度策略在满足区域供水目标方面的重要作用,提出了以水库(群)的时段初始蓄水量与时段内来水量之和,以及时段内供水系统的目标需水量作为主要控制参数,以两者的差值正、负来表达供水系统处于非干旱状态和干旱状态的区域干旱鉴别方法。为了多角度地分析干旱和非干旱历时分布、转移概率以及干旱重现期等干旱历时特性以较全面地掌握区域干旱事件特征,针对一具体区域供水系统,运用模拟统计法和概率解析法两种技术手段来研究区域干旱历时特性,同时针对两种方法的计算结果差异,指出了各种方法的特征以及产生差异的原因。     

旧供水井化学处理方法介绍--以加德满都市旧供水井修复为例

本文以加德满都市旧供水井修复项目为例,针对因滤水管缝隙被化学物质堵塞,导致井出水量逐年减少的旧供水井。通过井下电视摄像系统检查,采用六偏磷酸钠、氨基黄酸等有机酸,结合刷洗、高压喷射等机械方法进行处理,使旧供水井出水量得到明显提高。     

Behaviour of a small sedimentary volcanic aquifer receiving irrigation return flows: La Aldea,Gran Canaria,Canary Islands (Spain)

In many arid and semi-arid areas, intensive cultivation is practiced despite water commonly being a limiting factor. Often, irrigation water is from local aquifers or imported from out-of-area aquifers and surface reservoirs. Irrigation return flows become a significant local recharge source, but they may deteriorate aquifer water quality. La Aldea valley, located in the western sector of Gran Canaria Island (Atlantic Ocean), is a coastal, half-closed depression in altered, low-permeability volcanics with alluvium in the gullies and scree deposits over a large part of the area. This area is intensively cultivated. Irrigation water comes from reservoirs upstream and is supplemented (average 30 %) by local groundwater; supplementation goes up to 70 % in dry years, in which groundwater reserves are used up to exhaustion if the dry period persists. Thus, La Aldea aquifer is key to the water-supply system, whose recharge is mostly from return irrigation flows and the scarce local rainfall recharge on the scree formations, conveyed to the gully deposits. To quantify the hydrogeological conceptual model and check data coherence, a simplified numerical model has been constructed, which can be used as a tool to help in water management.