填含比与单井出水量及井水泥沙含量关系探讨

通过对填含比与单井出水量及井水泥沙含量试验资料的分析,建立了水量与填含比关系方程式,由此式计算不同填含比条件下单井出水量增长率。通过分析不同填含比条件下单井出水量增长率关系及井水泥沙含量资料,得出适宜细颗粒地层分布区成井的最佳填含比为15～20。这一结论对地下水的合理开发利用有一定的指导意义。     

福建大田城西水厂供水井找水及施工方法

简述大田县城西水厂供水井水源地寻找．及施工工艺和钻进方法,首先采用小口径探孔、再抽水试验、水质分析等,当各项指标均符合要求后,再进行大口径的供水井施工,达到预期水量、水质要求。该大水量供水井的找水及钻探方法,可降低风险,节约成本,提高效益。     

水力压裂技术在豫西基岩地热井增产中的应用研究

地热资源是清洁能源,其开发利用主要通过钻井工程来实现。地热资源量（水量）大小决定着开发利用的价值。实际中,因地层等条件的复杂和不确定性,导致地热井出水量和温度不能达到预期的目标。特别是在山区基岩缺水地区地热资源开发,由于水量和温度指标偏低,严重影响了清洁能源的开发利用。本文结合工程实例,首次在豫西基岩严重缺水地区通过压裂车和钻井泵分段水力压裂技术,使低产地热井出水量增加3倍,达到了预期的目的。为今后基岩地区地热和地下水资源开发利用增产提供了借鉴。     

供水管井成井工艺

本文介绍对供水管井出水量影响最大的井身结构、滤水管、填砾、管外封闭和洗井等方面的一般工艺方法和技术要求。     

供水井的修复工艺

由于多种因素的影响，供水井在使用一段时间后，将会发生程度不同的各类故障，使其不能正常供水。近年来我们摸索出了一套较成熟的修井工艺，自1987年以来，修复各类事故井近70口，成功率为100％，取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

积极发展水文地质学的理论思维——学习札记

先让我们从一个认识实例谈起。 通过对地下水长期的开采使用,对孔隙承压含水系统的认识,经过了一个复杂曲折的历史过程;是否可以用如下三个认识阶段来总结、概括——“开采中心论”阶段,“治理不合理开采论”阶段和“开采管理论”(或称“统筹兼顾论”)阶段?! “开采中心论”属于早期的认识阶段,其图景主要是长期习惯于用单井出水量等少数指标(主要反映在含水砂层的厚度、渗透系数等值上)去衡量含水砂层的给水能力或供水条件,把水量与水压(水头)建     

某矿第四系底部含水层降水井群优化布置

基于目标函数法,以控制点水位为首要约束条件,以总排水量最少为目标函数,对某煤矿6311工作面上部第四系底部含水层疏放水井群降水进行优化设计。以该矿区的突水溃砂安全水头作为控制点水位,对优化设计方案进行计算。采用优化设计,在达到同样水位要求的前提下,可以使总排水量比采用承压转无压完整井公式计算结果减少20%。优化设计计算结果给出单井出水量,对井点位置的安排与单井出水设备的选择具有指导意义。      

农用水源地规划中单井出水量的确定分析

地下水资源的开发利用中设计工作是关健.针对阿瓦提县英艾日克水源地规划设计中存在的问题,在对项目区水文地质状况分析后,通过单井出水量复核,运行时间的计算,设计出水量的调整等步骤.最后确定了设计中单井出水量.     

祥云盆地南部岩溶水是良好的供水源地

祥云——云南驿盆地地处金沙江、澜沧江与红河水系的分水岭地带,是我省有名的干旱坝子。我部在开展该区1:5万农田供水勘察工作中,对祥云盆地南部岩溶水进行了遥感图象水文地质解译,查明为良好的供水源地。其中伍家村供水源地,已钻井两口,日产水量约2500方,首次为该区开发利用基岩地下水、改变干旱面貌迈开了可喜的一步。祥云南部岩溶水供水源地,是在运用遥感图象解译资料对青海湖南部作分析研究并已打出水量十分丰     

气动潜孔锤钻进技术在非洲地区供水井施工中的应用

河南地矿行业先后在非洲的多个国家,采用气动潜孔锤钻进技术完成城镇及农村人畜供水钻井工程十余万米,为河南地矿行业后期国外地质找矿、资源开发战略奠定了基础。以肯尼亚共和国那库鲁城市供水施工项目和几内亚共和国52眼井供水项目为例,总结分析气动潜孔锤钻进技术在非洲国家人畜供水井施工中的经验与措施,可为同类取水工程提供借鉴。     

Using operational data to estimate the reliable yields of water-supply wells

The reliable yield of a water-supply well depends on many different factors, including the properties of the well and the aquifer; the capacities of the pumps, raw-water mains, and treatment works; the interference effects from other wells; and the constraints imposed by abstraction licences, water quality, and environmental issues. A relatively simple methodology for estimating reliable yields has been developed that takes into account all of these factors. The methodology is based mainly on an analysis of water-level and source-output data, where such data are available. Good operational data are especially important when dealing with wells in shallow, unconfined, fissure-flow aquifers, where actual well performance may vary considerably from that predicted using a more analytical approach. Key issues in the yield-assessment process are the identification of a deepest advisable pumping water level, and the collection of the appropriate well, aquifer, and operational data. Although developed for water-supply operators in the United Kingdom, this approach to estimating the reliable yields of water-supply wells using operational data should be applicable to a wide range of hydrogeological conditions elsewhere. Received, September 1998/Revised, May 1999, September 1999/Accepted, October 1999     

Nitrate temporal and spatial patterns in 12 water-supply wells, Yucatan, Mexico

 The nitrate concentration in 12 water-supply wells were monitored for the period April 1992 to March 1993. Each water-supply well was sampled once a month. The nitrate concentrations in the 12 wells ranged from 7 to 156 mg/l. Two water-supply wells (Chacsinkin and Peto) showed concentrations that reached 3.5 times the maximum permissible limit for the Drinking Water Standard (45 mg/l). A third water-supply well (Akil) exceeds the norm for 7 out of 12 months. The use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers are responsible for high nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the southern part of Yucatan, Mexico where intensive agricultural practices exist. Received: 14 December 1999 · Accepted: 2 May 2000     

区域供水系统干旱历时特性综合分析

根据区域供水系统中供水水库(群)的蓄水状态及其运行调度策略在满足区域供水目标方面的重要作用,提出了以水库(群)的时段初始蓄水量与时段内来水量之和,以及时段内供水系统的目标需水量作为主要控制参数,以两者的差值正、负来表达供水系统处于非干旱状态和干旱状态的区域干旱鉴别方法。为了多角度地分析干旱和非干旱历时分布、转移概率以及干旱重现期等干旱历时特性以较全面地掌握区域干旱事件特征,针对一具体区域供水系统,运用模拟统计法和概率解析法两种技术手段来研究区域干旱历时特性,同时针对两种方法的计算结果差异,指出了各种方法的特征以及产生差异的原因。     

Effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements at water-supply wells

The effects of human-induced alteration of groundwater flow patterns on concentrations of naturally-occurring trace elements were examined in five hydrologically distinct aquifer systems in the USA. Although naturally occurring, these trace elements can exceed concentrations that are considered harmful to human health. The results show that pumping-induced hydraulic gradient changes and artificial connection of aquifers by well screens can mix chemically distinct groundwater. Chemical reactions between these mixed groundwaters and solid aquifer materials can result in the mobilization of trace elements such as U, As and Ra, with subsequent transport to water-supply wells. For example, in the High Plains aquifer near York, Nebraska, mixing of shallow, oxygenated, lower-pH water from an unconfined aquifer with deeper, confined, anoxic, higher-pH water is facilitated by wells screened across both aquifers. The resulting higher-O₂, lower-pH mixed groundwater facilitated the mobilization of U from solid aquifer materials, and dissolved U concentrations were observed to increase significantly in nearby supply wells. Similar instances of trace element mobilization due to human-induced mixing of groundwaters were documented in: (1) the Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida (As and U), (2) Paleozoic sedimentary aquifers in eastern Wisconsin (As), (3) the basin-fill aquifer underlying the California Central Valley near Modesto (U), and (4) Coastal Plain aquifers of New Jersey (Ra). Adverse water-quality impacts attributed to human activities are commonly assumed to be related solely to the release of the various anthropogenic contaminants to the environment. The results show that human activities including various land uses, well drilling, and pumping rates and volumes can adversely impact the quality of water in supply wells, when associated with naturally-occurring trace elements in aquifer materials. This occurs by causing subtle but significant changes in geochemistry and associated trace element mobilization as well as enhancing advective transport processes.     

Modeling approaches and strategies for data-scarce aquifers: example of the Dar es Salaam aquifer in Tanzania

Management of groundwater resources can be improved by using groundwater models to perform risk analyses and to improve development strategies, but a lack of extensive basic data often limits the implementation of sophisticated models. Dar es Salaam in Tanzania is an example of a city where increasing groundwater use in a Pleistocene aquifer is causing groundwater-related problems such as saline intrusion along the coastline, lowering of water-table levels, and contamination of pumping wells. The lack of a water-level monitoring network introduces a problem for basic data collection and model calibration and validation. As a replacement, local water-supply wells were used for measuring groundwater depth, and well-top heights were estimated from a regional digital elevation model to recalculate water depths to hydraulic heads. These were used to draw a regional piezometric map. Hydraulic parameters were estimated from short-time pumping tests in the local wells, but variation in hydraulic conductivity was attributed to uncertainty in well characteristics (information often unavailable) and not to aquifer heterogeneity. A MODFLOW model was calibrated with a homogeneous hydraulic conductivity field and a sensitivity analysis between the conductivity and aquifer recharge showed that average annual recharge will likely be in the range 80–100 mm/year.     

三原清峪河水源地S_2井涌水机理分析

通过对三原县清峪河地区的地层、构造及水文地质条件,以及在该区已有与S2井同一以奥灰岩溶水为取水目的层的4口(未出现涌水现象)供水井的水文地质资料分析,认为S2井之所以出现涌水现象的主要原因是:S2井位处该区断裂的交汇地带,通过断裂得到了西部嵯峨山上游岩溶水或桃曲坡水库的渗漏补给之故。     

山东鲁北平原地下水资源与可持续利用

鲁北平原目前区内供水水源以黄河客水和地下水为主。最新均衡计算结果为:浅层地下水开采资源量37 03×108m3 a,深层地下水开采资源量2 62×108m3 a。据山东省水资源可持续利用总体规划报告,现状年需水量约74×108m3 a,2010年需水量为93×108m3 a,2030年需水量为109×108m3 a,现状年供需基本平衡,远景供水不足。浅层地下水易采易补,更新能力强,应以合理调控水位为中心,优先开采浅层地下水,充分发挥浅层地下水资源的供水功能,尤其是东阿—齐河—商河—利津沿黄地区更应加强开发浅层水的力度。浅层水为可持续利用的地下水资源量。深层地下水更新能力弱,应严格限制其开发利用。在德州、滨州漏斗中心区,建议实施部分封井,调减开采量。实行地表水与地下水联合调度,优化水资源开发结构,适当增加地表水引用量,实施含水层的恢复工程,遏制地面沉降等环境问题的继续发展,走全面、协调、可持续发展的路子。     

榆次源涡水源地裂隙含水系统地下水位持继下降的原因分析及供水对策

源涡水源地含水层为一层间和裂隙混合的半开放含水系统,水位持续下降的原因是系统内大量增加开采井、过量超采所致。为此,在研究课题提出了榆次市主要供水对策。     

榆神矿区的供水水源选择

矿区开发的初期用水可以利用烧变岩地下水,日供水能力约为6万~7万m3/d,中长期供水选择矿区外围的第四系萨拉乌苏组和洛河组地下水。同时,矿井水可以通过自然下渗后补给地下水,丰富地下水资源,保证矿区开发用水和保护环境。      

山西运城水井建设中无棕滤水井管的设计与应用

通过运城地区水井的开凿,表明无棕结构的滤水管具有拦砂、滤水、增大出水量、提高成井率和延长水井寿命等优点。无棕滤水管的设计应当考虑多种影响因素:如滤料的选择、滤水管的孔隙率、滤水管的井径和缠丝间距等。对无棕滤水管工艺施工的水井的观测,井龄已满20年、井深140米的水井,其单位涌水量仍达6.14吨/小时·米,比采用有棕滤水管工艺施工的水井水量增大了93%,而且水质符合要求。