基于目标函数法的地铁隧道井群降水优化

基于优化设计的目标函数法,以控制点水位为首要约束条件,总排水量最小为目标函数,采用Excel软件"规划求解"模块对地铁隧道管井井群降水设计进行优化分析,获得降水影响范围、降水井合理布置方案及单井排水量等指标,实现了满足施工要求的总排水量最小的目标。采用该优化方法分析沈阳地铁张沈区间的工程降水实例,优化方案总排水量为18552.6m3/d,比采用潜水完整井公式计算结果减少约5%,经现场水位监测获得降水水位曲线,证明优化方案能满足施工要求,经济合理。     

Excel软件优化基坑降水的井群设计

针对目前应用广泛的基坑降水井群设计方法,利用优化理论和Excel方法,以总排水量最小为目标函数,以控制点水位降深建立约束条件,对基坑降水井群的设计进行优化。并通过实例说明了该方法在基坑设计中的有效性。     

拉格朗日乘子法在水位流量关系拟合中的应用

针对传统方法在水位流量关系拟合中线性化后存在的不足以及未考虑拟合函数的显著性水平的局限性,以流量残差平方和最小为目标函数,以显著性水平为约束条件,结合拉格朗日乘子法对水位流量关系进行优化处理。通过算例对比分析了水位流量关系在传统算法、自适应加速遗传算法及本文优化算法下的拟合结果。计算结果表明:提出的优化理论能更精确地模拟实际工程中水位流量关系,其基本思想可为类似的水文分析提供借鉴作用。     

基于改进遗传算法的长短桩复合地基优化设计

当前复合地基实践中出现了许多以优化为目的的新的生长点,长短桩复合地基作为一种新型的复合地基处理形式,其优化设计即在满足地基承载力和沉降变形的基础上实现最佳经济性的优化目标。本文采用改进的遗传算法,以长短桩桩体总费用为目标函数,全部约束条件均按相应规范要求给出,建立长短桩复合地基的优化设计数学模型,并编制了相应的计算程序。同时给出长短桩复合地基优化设计算例,计算结果表明,此算法能优化设计,降低工程造价,对工程设计有较强的参考价值。     

桩箱筏优化设计的加速遗传算法

遗传算法作为一种全局优化算法，遗传算法克服了传统优化方法容易陷入局部最优值的缺陷。将新兴的交叉学科遗传算法引入到桩箱筏优化设计中，以桩箱筏的总造价作为优化目标函数，全部约束条件按《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ94—1994)给出，编制了桩筏优化设计计算程序，通过计算实例证明了遗传算法用于桩箱筏优化设计的可行性。     

河道洪水演进有限差分模型糙率系数的率定

以实测水位和计算水位误差绝对值之和最小为目标函数，用修正后的Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｌａｐｈｓｏｎ迭代法率定河道洪水演进有限差分模型的参数。结果表明，该方法计算了非常有效，且用该方法优化得出的ｎ分布与实际分布相似。     

考虑污染源强随机变化的感潮河流环境容量优化

考虑污染源强随机变化和感潮河流潮周期内动态水文条件对水质的影响,建立了优化污染负荷分配的流域水质管理模型。模型以总的允许排污量最大为目标函数,流域的水质控制点达标为约束条件。假设排污量是服从对数正态分布的随机变量,并且以潮周期内水质达标的概率作为衡量控制点达标的依据。采用遗传算法对该随机规划模型进行求解。研究结果表明,污染负荷优化分配结果能够满足随机条件下的水质达标率要求,并且与传统的确定性线性规划模型的分配结果相比有着明显差别。同时证实了遗传算法能够有效地解决复杂的随机规划模型。     

油页岩开发地下水资源影响预测与评价

以吉林省汪清县罗子沟油页岩开发为实例．根据参数的确定、地下水资源的估算、坑道排水量的计算、矿坑排水最大水位降的预测．对矿坑排水量进行评价,再运用地下水资源补给模数、潜水调节量及疏干体积法验证排水量的计算．从而达到研究油页岩的开发对地下水资源的影响和评价的目的。     

土钉支护结构优化设计的有限元分析

考虑土钉-土体的相互作用,建立三维有限元模型,分析计算土钉支护结构的内力和位移,提出了变形控制和应力控制相结合的优化设计方法。采用遗传算法,以应力和位移为约束条件,以工程造价为目标函数,建立了土钉支护结构的优化设计数学模型,并编制了相应的计算程序,通过算例分析,并基于规范法的优化设计结果相比较,得出本文的设计方法更为合理的参考结论。     

优化设计理论在抗滑桩工程中的应用

采用数学规划方法中的直接最优化方法复合形法,对已知荷载或内力的抗滑桩,以结构成本为目标函数进行满足工程使用要求的有约束最优化设计,编制了相应的程序,并用VisualBasic6 .0开发了应用程序界面,将优化以后所得结果与使用传统设计方法结果比较,有较大降低结构成本的效果。     

A multiobjective steepest descent method with applications to optimal well control

Multiobjective optimization deals with mathematical optimization problems where two or more objective functions (cost functions) are to be optimized (maximized or minimized) simultaneously. In most cases of interest, the objective functions are in conflict, i.e., there does not exist a decision (design) vector (vector of optimization variables) at which every objective function takes on its optimal value. The solution of a multiobjective problem is commonly defined as a Pareto front, and any decision vector which maps to a point on the Pareto front is said to be Pareto optimal. We present an original derivation of an analytical expression for the steepest descent direction for multiobjective optimization for the case of two objectives. This leads to an algorithm which can be applied to obtain Pareto optimal points or, equivalently, points on the Pareto front when the problem is the minimization of two conflicting objectives. The method is in effect a generalization of the steepest descent algorithm for minimizing a single objective function. The steepest-descent multiobjective optimization algorithm is applied to obtain optimal well controls for two example problems where the two conflicting objectives are the maximization of the life-cycle (long-term) net-present-value (NPV) and the maximization of the short-term NPV. The results strongly suggest the multiobjective steepest-descent (MOSD) algorithm is more efficient than competing multiobjective optimization algorithms.     

结构-功能耦合下的城市水系连通方案两阶段优化

传统水系连通方案编制主要以水系结构为主导,忽略了连通后对水系功能的影响,本文在进行城市水系布局时,将水系连通形状和连通功能两部分纳为一体来制定水系连通方案。基于中心性评价方法,提出河段重要性计算方法来定量刻画河段重要性;借助隶属度函数建立连通功能及其表征参数的函数关系,据此量化水系连通功能效果;以河网连通功能达标率和水系连通性满足度为优选目标,建立结构-功能耦合下的水系连通方案两阶段优化模型,优选最佳闸门联合调度方案。以清潩河许昌段为实例,优化原河网及不同水系连通情景的连通性。研究表明:经过优化后,原河网清潩河水系连通性总体较好,但护城河附近和饮马河的连通性较差;连通护城河和清泥河、连通饮马河和小洪河能极大地提升护城河附近和饮马河的水系连通性。     

基于可持续发展的区域水资源多目标优化配置研究

以区域经济发展与水环境保护相协调为目标,考虑社会各产业经济部门的污水处理和节水调节的控制作用,建立水资源多目标优化配置模型,并利用模糊理论构建评价函数。通过应用于盐城市水资源的优化配置,计算分析结果表明该方法具有良好的可行性和合理性。     

Dimensionality reduction for production optimization using polynomial approximations

The objective of this paper is to introduce a novel paradigm to reduce the computational effort in waterflooding global optimization problems while realizing smooth well control trajectories amenable for practical deployments in the field. In order to overcome the problems of slow convergence and non-smooth impractical control strategies, often associated with gradient-free optimization (GFO) methods, we introduce a generalized approach which represent the controls by smooth polynomial approximations either by a polynomial function or by a piecewise polynomial interpolation, which we denote as function control method (FCM) and interpolation control method (ICM), respectively. Using these approaches, we aim to optimize the coefficients of the selected functions or the interpolation points in order to represent the well-control trajectories along a time horizon. Our results demonstrate significant computational savings, due to a substantial reduction in the number of control parameters, as we seek the optimal polynomial coefficients or the interpolation points to describe the control trajectories as opposed to directly searching for the optimal control values (bottom hole pressure) at each time interval. We demonstrate the efficiency of the method on two and three-dimensional models, where we found the optimal variables using a parallel dynamic-neighborhood particle swarm optimization (PSO). We compared our FCM-PSO and ICM-PSO to the traditional formulation solved by both gradient-free and gradient-based methods. In all comparisons, both FCM and ICM show very good to superior performances.     

输水渠道线路优化与漫游数学家模型

在传统漫游数学家模型的基础上,以线路定性方案、渠段纵坡为决策变量,工程总投资为目标函数,考虑渠段线路状态转移和渠道首末水位约束,提出了阶段函数已知情况下的长距离输水渠道线路优化二维动态规划模型。实例证明该法对长距离输水渠道线路系统的优化比传统线路方法更优越。     

Shape optimisation of the support section of a tunnel at great depths

The shape optimisation of a cavity is typically performed without considering the previous support, which may significantly reduce the practical significance of such analyses. Even when an excavation section is optimised, failure of the surrounding rock in a tunnel cannot be prevented in the presence of excessive in situ stress. Thus, a support should be established to protect the stability of a tunnel from the failure of the surrounding rock. This study examines the optimal shape of the support that satisfies the optimisation criterion, which minimises the largest tangential stress along the inner edge of the support, for a specific net tunnel size and support strength. The optimisation process is to solve a series of forward problems using the conformal mapping method for a plane elasticity complex function. The tangential stress along the inner edge of the support is selected as the objective function, and the coefficients of the mapping function are considered as the design variables. The minimum value of the objective function is calculated based on the mixed penalty function method and the optimal support shape that satisfies the given constraints can be obtained. The stress state of an optimally shaped tunnel support is significantly improved compared to non-optimal configurations, and the stress concentration along the inner edge of the support is minimised.     

基于梯度分析法的长江上游水库群供水-发电-环境互馈关系解析

长江上游水资源耦合系统优化调控涉及供水、发电和生态需水等相互竞争、不可公度的调控目标。其供水-发电-环境互馈协变机制难以数学解析和刻画，多维目标效益均衡优化调控难以实施。为此，以多目标优化、运筹学理论及方法为基础，提出了基于梯度分析法的供水-发电-环境两两互馈关系研究方法。通过多目标约束优化方法求解长江上游水库群联合优化调度在供水-发电-环境目标空间的最优解集，并进行插值构造了供水-发电-环境互馈关系多维空间曲面，以此为基础，采用一阶差分近似求解供水对环境和发电对环境偏导函数值，以量化环境对供水变化和发电变化响应的梯度，进而解析环境-供水和环境-发电间互馈协变关系。该方法为水库群优化调度多目标互馈关系研究提供了一种新的思路。     

基于梯度分析法的长江上游水库群供水-发电-环境互馈关系解析

长江上游水资源耦合系统优化调控涉及供水、发电和生态需水等相互竞争、不可公度的调控目标。其供水-发电-环境互馈协变机制难以数学解析和刻画，多维目标效益均衡优化调控难以实施。为此，以多目标优化、运筹学理论及方法为基础，提出了基于梯度分析法的供水-发电-环境两两互馈关系研究方法。通过多目标约束优化方法求解长江上游水库群联合优化调度在供水-发电-环境目标空间的最优解集，并进行插值构造了供水-发电-环境互馈关系多维空间曲面，以此为基础，采用一阶差分近似求解供水对环境和发电对环境偏导函数值，以量化环境对供水变化和发电变化响应的梯度，进而解析环境-供水和环境-发电间互馈协变关系。该方法为水库群优化调度多目标互馈关系研究提供了一种新的思路。     

Optimization Research of Water-Soil Resources in Huanghua

According to the present situation and problems of land use in Huanghua, this article determines the objectives of optimal allocation of land resources. As the basis of gray linear programming approach, we create gray linear programming model and set decision variables. By constructing the objective function and collection of constraint equations in which the main constraints is water resources, we obtain the program of optimal allocation of land resources under different constraints of water resources. The optimal result is analyzed to the present situation and planning of land use, to study feasibility of the program and the effectiveness in the decision of sustainable use of water -soil resources     

Application on Floor Water Inrush Evaluation Based on AHP Variation Coefficient Method with GIS

The prediction and prevention of floor water inrush is directly related to the safety of the coal mine production. The previous evaluation method of floor water inrush was more one-sided and lacked main control factors related to mining conditions. In order to evaluate the floor water inrush more accurately, under the project background of geological data of Wanglou coal mine, stope width, mining depth, fault scale index, water pressure, water abundance and thickness of aquifer were selected as main controlling factors of floor water inrush. Combined with the subjective weight analytical hierarchy process and the objective weight variation coefficient method, the weight coefficients corresponding to the main controlling factors were obtained respectively. The thematic map of the risk assessment of coal seam floor water inrush was drawn by combining the constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model and geographic information system. The results show that: ① according to the actual geological data of mine, two fault related factors were removed. And stope width and mining depth were increased as the main controlling factors to evaluate floor water inrush. It is easier to compare and calculate the weight of evaluation factors. ② The constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model can comprehensively evaluate the risk of floor water inrush. And the results of the evaluation are more accurate. ③ The related thematic maps can directly reflect the risk of floor water inrush, which is of guiding significance for the prediction and prevention of coal seam floor water inrush.