南秦岭铁瓦殿岩体岩石谱系单位特征

将铁瓦殿岩体划分为5个岩石谱系单位，厘定为2个超单元，即铁瓦殿超单元和马院子超单元。研究认为：铁瓦殿超单元形成于消减带活动板块边缘环境，其岩浆物质来源于上部地壳，以类岩墙扩张形式被动顶蚀上侵定位，是新元古代活动陆缘聚合作用的产物；马院子超单元形成于造山晚期－晚造山期消减带环境，其岩浆物质来源于上部地壳，以类岩墙扩张－底劈形式上侵定位，是印支－燕山造山期陆内裂槽聚合作用的产物。     

华熊地块金矿集区成矿机理探讨

华熊地块区金、铅、银矿床矿集区与中生代隆起带、断陷盆地、燕山期花岗岩基及小花岗斑岩体空间关系密切。隆起带抬升、为陷盆地下降、岩浆作用和成矿作用在白垩纪同时发生。区内金矿早期成矿热液以岩浆水为主，晚期有大气降水参与成矿。成矿物质及介质来源于太华群及下部地层、花岗岩浆和中生代湖盆。成矿机理是：区域板块运动使本区在侏罗纪末下地壳形成花岗岩浆熔融层。白垩纪始，区内以断块差异升降为主，形成掀斜式断陷盆地和掀     

辽宁营口地区中生代花岗岩类的成因及其含金性

营口地区印支期花岗岩为Ⅰ型（同熔型）花岗岩,燕山期花岗岩为S型（陆壳改造型）花岗岩。印支期花岗岩是造山运动晚期岩浆作用的产物,岩浆来源于深部。燕山期花岗岩是与燕山期造山运动同构造期岩浆作用的产物,岩浆来源于浅部。金矿床的形成主要与印支期次碱性二长花岗岩岩浆作用有关。     

湘东南印支期花岗岩成因及构造背景

湘东南地区以印支期主俯冲断裂——茶陵-郴州大断裂为界,分为东部炎陵-汝城隆起区和西部衡阳-桂阳坳陷区。区内印支期花岗岩总体属高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩,并可根据岩石特征分为2组。第1组产于衡阳-桂阳坳陷区NW向深断裂中,由角闪石黑云母花岗闪长岩、角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩和黑(二)云母二长花岗岩等组成,SiO2平均含量总体较低,为69.68%;大多为弱过铝,ASI值0.96~1.29,平均为1.08;具有相对较低的ISr值(0.7080~0.7168)和t2DM值(1.48~1.72Ga)以及相对较高的εNd(t)值(-8.90~-5.83)。第2组位于炎陵-汝城隆起区及衡阳-桂阳坳陷区将军庙次级隆起带中,由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成,SiO2平均含量相对较高,为72.23%;总体为ASI值大于1.1的强过铝花岗岩,ASI值1.01~2.60,平均达1.30;具有相对较高的ISr值(0.7159~0.7345)和t2DM值(1.81~1.97Ga)以及相对较低的εNd(t)值(-12.0~-9.85)。根据上述特征,结合岩石圈结构和A/MF-C/MF图解分析,第2组花岗岩源岩主要为中地壳结晶片岩、片麻岩等,第1组花岗岩源岩除中地壳岩石外,可能还有少量下地壳基性麻粒岩成分以及幔源组分的加入,说明存在幔源岩浆的底侵作用。根据多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解,结合地质特征、构造演化背景等,认为印支期花岗岩形成于同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境,地壳加厚及其后的减压导致中地壳重熔是岩浆形成的主导因素,幔源岩浆底侵使坳陷区与深大断裂带内的岩体中混入下地壳成分及少量地幔物质。已有研究表明湘东南燕山早期花岗岩形成于后造山构造环境,因此印支期与燕山早期两阶段花岗岩的构造环境彼此之间提供了制约。     

松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘造山带广泛出露印支期后碰撞型花岗岩类, 其中包括埃达克质花岗岩类、A型花岗岩和I型花岗岩, 但目前人们对该区印支期强过铝质花岗岩尚未有深入的研究.松潘造山带马尔康花岗岩属于强过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.10~1.20), 其岩石类型主要为中粒二云母花岗岩和中细粒二云母花岗岩.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得中粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为208±2Ma, 中细粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为200±2Ma.马尔康强过铝质花岗岩K₂O/Na₂O=1.13~1.75, 富Rb、Th和U, 贫Sr、Ba、Co和Ni等元素; 稀土元素组成上显示存在强到中等的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.65);全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值(ISr) 为0.70712~0.71137, εNd (t) =-10.36~-8.43, 锆石εHf (t) =-11.8~-1.1.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成一致表明, 它们的岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融, 其中中粒二云母花岗岩的源岩类型主要为地壳中的泥质岩类, 而中细粒二云母花岗岩的源岩主要为地壳中的杂砂岩类.结合松潘带的地质背景、区域构造-岩浆事件及其岩浆岩的组合分析, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用可以用来解释马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成机制.在松潘带, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用导致软流圈物质上涌, 这不仅促使了加厚下地壳物质发生部分熔融, 如松潘带印支期埃达克质和I型花岗岩浆的形成, 而且还诱发了中地壳物质的部分熔融, 如马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成.这表明松潘带印支期岩石圈拆沉作用已使地壳不同层次发生部分熔融作用.      

华北陆块南缘燕山期陆内造山岩浆活动特征

在区域地质调查基础上，依据岩浆活动特点，将华北陆块南缘燕山期岩浆活动自南向北划分为合峪—二郎庙—交口—祖师顶岩浆混合花岗岩带、四棵树神林黄山s型花岗岩带、太山庙—叶庄—角子山A型花岗岩带，认为华北陆块南缘存在一个完整的陆内造山岩浆演化旋回，造山作用经历了陆内俯冲地壳加厚隆起—地壳抬升走滑剪切—地壳伸展减薄三个阶段的构造岩浆演化过程，为重塑华北陆块南缘构造演化提供了岩浆作用方面的证据。     

河北涞源─八达岭岩基段单元－超单元特征及其成因

涞源－八达岭地区花岗岩类是华北地区中生代燕山期岩浆侵入活动的典型代表，它对研究中国东部乃至亚洲东部地壳的形成、发展、演化都具有重要意义．本文从花岗岩类单元－起单元入手，对涞源－八达岭岩基段进行了划分，探讨了单元－超单元的主要特征，指出本岩基段是在太平洋板块俯冲机制下走滑造山作用的结果，岩浆来源于下地壳未经地表地质作用的深变质火山岩的部分熔融，并有地幔衍生岩浆的混合。     

河北涞源─八达岭岩基段单元－超单元特征及其成因

涞源－八达岭地区花岗岩类是华北地区中生代燕山期岩浆侵入活动的典型代表，它对研究中国东部乃至亚洲东部地壳的形成、发展、演化都具有重要意义．本文从花岗岩类单元－起单元入手，对涞源－八达岭岩基段进行了划分，探讨了单元－超单元的主要特征，指出本岩基段是在太平洋板块俯冲机制下走滑造山作用的结果，岩浆来源于下地壳未经地表地质作用的深变质火山岩的部分熔融，并有地幔衍生岩浆的混合。     

三江地区义敦岛弧碰撞造山过程：花岗岩记录

义敦岛弧碰撞造山带是特提斯－喜马拉雅巨型造山带中的一个复合造山带。本文利用义敦岛弧碰撞造山带29个花岗岩体的43件同位素测年数据，结合岩石地球化学特征，建立了造山带花岗岩的时间坐标。初步识别出4套不同成因类型的花岗岩，即印支期弧花岗岩、燕山早期同碰撞花岗岩、燕山晚期A型花岗岩和喜马拉雅期花岗岩。据此，再造了造山带的形成过程与演化历史：印支期的大规模俯冲造山作用（238－210Ma)，形成义敦火山岩浆弧；大约自206Ma始，发生弧－陆碰撞，伴随岛弧地壳挤压收缩和剪切变形，发育同碰撞花岗岩；进入燕山晚期（138－73Ma)，岛弧碰撞造山带发生造山后伸展作用，形成A型花岗岩带；喜马拉雅期发生陆内造山作用（65－15Ma)，岛弧碰撞造山带出现逆冲－推覆和大规模走滑平移，伴随喜马拉雅期花岗岩的侵位和拉分盆地的形成。     

中国东部燕山期岩浆活动的几个问题

中国东部中酸性燕山期岩浆活动非常发育。文中讨论了中国东部燕山期岩浆岩的分区、岩浆系列、埃达克质岩（adakite-like）、花岗岩源区、花岗岩形成环境、I型和S型花岗岩的含义等问题。认为目前使用的花岗岩判别图不能用来讨论花岗岩形成的构造环境，按照花岗岩源区深度，至少可以分出来自地幔下地壳和中上地壳的3个深度层次的花岗岩类，强调源区深度对花岗岩性质的制约。认为中国东部燕山期大规模岩浆活动可能与地壳拉张环境下大规模拆沉作用导致的软流圈地幔上涌及其引发的玄武岩底侵作用有关，而与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用无关，中国东部不属于环太平洋构造－岩浆带。但拆沉作用发生的时间、原因和机制仍然不清楚。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.