大别山榴辉岩一片麻岩杂岩的成因

大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成。大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区,它们代表一种构造－岩石组合体。片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ参数的差异归因于抬升过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及Ｐ－Ｔ条件与围岩的一致性表明,大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用形成的。高压榴辉岩－片麻岩杂岩的产生是印支期扬子与华北两个大陆板块碰撞的结果。     

大别山榴辉岩—片麻岩杂岩的成因

大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成，大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区，它们代表一种构造－岩石组合体，片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ参数的差异归因于反响或过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及Ｐ－Ｔ条件下围岩的一致性表明，大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用     

大别山石马地区榴辉岩P-T-t轨迹及其构造意义

在大别山石马地区榴辉岩石榴石中包裹有与柯石英同期的绿辉石,据此,将这里的榴辉岩相变质作用划分为早期的柯石英榴辉岩阶段和晚期重结晶榴辉岩阶段。它们的P-T-t轨迹表明:产于片麻岩中的榴辉岩至少经历了两阶段的抬升过程:(1)在221Ma(印支期)时,由于陆壳俯冲所产生的大规模逆冲构造使其快速抬升;(2)在134Ma(燕山期)陆壳俯冲后的拉张抬升环境下,榴辉岩随山体一起缓慢上升。     

大别山碧溪岭未经历超高压变质的片麻状花岗岩

关于大别山超高压变质带中与榴辉岩密切伴生的花岗片麻岩是否也经历了超高压变质作用一直是个争议的问题。笔者最近在碧溪岭片麻状花岗岩中首次发现了可靠的岩相学和矿物学证据 ,证明该岩石只遭受到绿片岩相变质作用的改造 ,而未曾记录超高压变质矿物组合。根据片麻状花岗岩与围岩接触部位强烈糜棱岩化的发育 ,认为超高压岩石在抬升到地壳范围时与以花岗质岩石为主构成的扬子陆壳发生了大规模的构造并置。     

大别山超高压榴辉岩带榴辉岩的特征和变质作用

大别山超高压柯石英榴辉岩带中多处产出含柯石英榴辉岩,岩石中广泛分布柯石英假象。它们产在片麻岩和大理岩中,并有不同的特征矿物组合。与鄂北等地高压型榴辉岩比较,超高压(柯石英)榴辉岩的绿辉石富硬玉组分,而石榴石为一般的富铁铝榴石贫镁铝榴石的石榴石。钙质角闪石和钠钙质冻蓝闪石是超高压(柯石英)榴辉岩中主要的次生角闪石类型。榴辉岩的原岩是陆内拉张过程中形成的广义拉斑玄武岩,它们在中朝一扬子大陆板块汇聚造山的俯冲大地构造背景中,发生渐进变质。变质时地热增温率极低。造山运动后期,榴辉岩随构造运动抬升又经历两阶段迭加变质。     

大别山榴辉岩（牌楼）P－T－t轨迹

本文重点研究了大别山潜山，牌楼地区榴辉岩Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹，探讨了大别山地区榴辉岩成因，认为榴辉岩原岩主要是碱性玄武岩，少部分洋脊拉斑玄武岩岩浆早期结晶分异堆晶岩及部分钙质沉积岩。它们在华北与杨子板块碰撞时（２６０±３０Ｍａ），地壳向下俯冲到４０－６０ｋｍ处，温度５５０°－８３０°Ｃ，压力１．１－２．１ＧＰａ的条件下形成的。在构造抬升过程中，榴辉岩产生了角闪岩相、绿片岩相退变质作用，角闪岩相温压条件：４６０°－５７０℃，０．４－０．７ＧＰａ。流体包裹体研究表明：流体包体成分主要为ＮａＣｌ－Ｈ＿２Ｏ，Ｈ＿２Ｏ，ＮａＣｌ－ＣＯ＿２－Ｈ＿２Ｏ体系，变质作用过程从早至晚由氧化向还原环境转化。熔融包体的发现表明：榴辉岩形成具有局部深熔作用。从榴辉岩产状、岩石化学、地球化学特征表明本地区榴辉岩不是一种成因，同时具有Ｂ类、Ｃ类榴辉岩特征。     

苏鲁造山带中段宝山-桃行榴辉岩地球化学特征

宝山-桃行榴辉岩呈透镜状包体赋存于荣成花岗质片麻岩套（Chgg）内,通过榴辉岩主量元素地球化学、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学、石榴子石矿物化学分析,确定榴辉岩原岩为壳成变质成因,具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩（IAT）特征.宝山-桃行榴辉岩是其原岩与围岩一起经过高温高压变质作用而形成.     

大别山超高压变质带的构造背景

大别山南部的超高压变质带具有特征的榴辉岩相矿物组合，榴辉岩的岩石化学及稀土元素特征及其伴生的岩石组合，表明这个带是以陆壳成分为主混有少量上地幔及洋壳成分的混杂岩，榴辉岩相围岩和大别群具有不同的变质和变形特征。超高压变质带形成于扬子和中朝板块大陆碰撞的构造环境，是扬子板块陆壳向北俯冲到一定深度的变质产物。     

荣成地区特别富^18O的榴辉岩的成因

荣成地区的M类榴辉岩特别富集18O,这样富18O的榴辉岩在大别山-苏鲁超高压变质带还尚未见报导。异常高的δ18O值表明M类榴辉岩与围岩-大理岩在变质过程中发生过强烈的氧同位素交换。稳定同位素、流体包裹体等证据揭示氧同位素交换可能发生在超高压岩石的折返过程中,由于叠加的麻粒岩相退变质作用使同俯冲的新元古代海相碳酸盐岩发生了去碳酸盐化作用,产生了富CO2的变质流体。这种退变质流体特别富18O,成为M类榴辉岩与围岩碳酸盐岩交换的媒介。所观测到的M类榴辉岩内矿物之间,以及榴辉岩与围岩大理岩之间都基本达到了高温下的氧同位素平衡。由于荣成地区各类榴辉岩记录的变质温度普遍高于大别山和苏鲁南段的榴辉岩,因此这一地区的榴辉岩在折返过程中一般都叠加有麻粒岩相和／或角闪岩相的退变质作用。退变质流体,特别是麻粒岩相退变质期间产生的富CO2流体,是造成这一地区M类榴辉岩有别于其它地区M类榴辉岩-特别富18O的根源。     

安徽大别山北部榴辉岩的分布及主要特征

安徽大别山北部新发现的榴辉岩主要产于花岗质片麻岩及基性一超基性岩中,与大别山南部的榴辉岩在产出围岩、矿物组成及地球化学特征等方面均十分相似。现今榴辉岩南多北少的分布,主要是在中生代热隆构造体制下剧烈差异抬升剥蚀,中生代花岗岩大面积侵位所致。     

关于大别山榴辉岩相变质作用

大别山产出的榴辉岩相岩石包括石榴橄榄岩、榴辉岩、榴云片岩、榴辉片麻岩、榴玉英岩和榴辉大理岩等不同系列,它们均分布于花岗质片麻岩中。矿物共生序列研究表明,榴辉岩相岩石经历了从绿帘角闪岩相、柯石英榴辉岩相、角闪榴辉岩相、绿帘角闪岩相到绿片岩相的演化过程。花岗质片麻岩及变质火山—沉积岩系并未经历超高压变质作用,但却与榴辉岩相岩石经历了同一期绿帘角闪岩相变质事件,证明二者在地壳范围内发生了构造合并     

桐柏—大别山高压超高压变质带

桐柏—大别山高压超高压变质带自南向北可划分为３个带：绿帘－蓝片岩相变质带，高压榴辉岩相变质和超高压榴辉岩相变质带，超高压变质带形成于加里东期洋壳俯冲作用过程中，而前两个高压变质带则是印支期陆－陆俯冲－碰撞作用的产物。     

Petrology and Petrogenesis of the Eclogite in Mt.Dabie Area,Central China

The occurrence,mineralogy and geochemistry of eclogites in the Mt.Dabie area show that they were subjected to a high-pressure metamorphism together with the country rocks,but their petrochemistry and REE geochemistry show some difference from those of the country rocks.The geochemical characteristics of the eclogites are similar to those of bot continental tholeiitic basalt and oceanic tholeiitic basalt.The rocks probably subducted to the upper mantle with the Dabie metamorphic complex.When elevated to the surface,they were subjected to different staes of retrogressive metamorphism.     

The Dabieshan Coesite-bearing Eclogite Terrain-A Late Archaean Ultra - high- Pressure Metamorphic Belt

A U -Pb zircon age of 2774±24 Ma for eclogite from the Bixiling rock body of Anhui Province, central China, indicates that the Dabieshan coesite-bearing eclogite was probably formed in the Late Archaean. A phengite Ar-Ar isochron age of 662±13 Ma for the eclogite confines also an upper limit age of its subsequent retrograde metamorphism in the Precambrian. The results of isotopic dating for such type of eclogite coincide with the geological features of its restricted occurrence within the Archaean metamaorphic terrain composed of the Dabie Group. It is believed that the Dabieshan coesite-bearing eclogite terrain might be a Late Archaean ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt. The Dabie Mountains area was the eastward extension of the southern Qinling structural belt during the Triassic. Both the Dabie Group and the coesite-bearing eclogite hosted therein underwent a late-stage dynamic metamorphic event. The present authors have obtained a muscovite Ar-Ar isochron age of 192.6±2.8 Ma from plagioclase gn     

大别山超高压变质岩的变形特征及其地质意义

大别山超高压变质岩至少经过５期变形。第１期产生于榴辉岩相变质前；第２期大致与榴辉岩相变质作用同步．岩石产生紧密同斜褶皱及榴辉岩相糜棱岩；第３期产生于超高压变质岩向中地壳折返的过程中，以榴辉岩的布丁化及基质的透入性剪切为特征；第４期主要形成剪切条带及伸展沿劈理．是大别山碰撞后差异隆升，岩层向南滑脱的结果；最后一期为脆性变形，岩层沿北东向断层产生左行平移。通过超高压变质岩的变形分析，可以了解超高压变质岩形成和折返的构造运动过程。     

大别山北部榴辉岩和英云闪长质片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄及多期变质增生

大别山北部榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明：北部榴辉岩相峰期变质时代为226～230Ma左右;北部塔儿河一带英云闪长质片麻岩经历过印支期变质事件;大别山北部与南部超高压岩石中一致的（226～230Ma）高压或超高压变质年龄表明,北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中部分岩石也曾作为扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分,在印支期发生过高压或超高压变质作用;本区锆石发生过两期变质增生事件,一是印支期高压或超高压变质,另一期是燕山期热变质事件;榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的原岩形成时代为晚元古代;锆石U-Pb年龄可用多期变质增生模型来解释。     

Eclogites preserved as pebbles in Jurassic conglomerate, Dabie Mountains, China

Two types of eclogite pebbles were discovered in Middle to Upper Jurassic conglomerates from the Hefei Basin north of the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrain, China. Type A eclogite pebbles are characterized by idioblastic garnet with well preserved chemical zonation. Si content in phengite is lower than 3.5 per formula unit (pfu). The maximum metamorphic pressure is lower than 2.5 GPa, and the temperature is below 600 °C. Type B eclogite pebbles contain coesite pseudomorphs in xenoblastic garnet. Si content in phengite is higher than 3.5 pfu. The maximum metamorphic pressure is 2.8–4.0 GPa at 700 °C indicating UHP metamorphism.

Types A and B eclogite pebbles are comparable with eclogites occurring in the southern portion of the Dabie UHP terrain. Based on the petrologic similarities and northeastwards directed paleocurrents, we infer that the eclogite pebbles were eroded from the Dabie UHP terrain. Sandstones containing detrital phengite with Si content higher than 3.5 pfu are also derived from UHP rocks. These petrologic and stratigraphic data place time constraints on exhumation and erosion history of the Dabie UHP terrain.     

Petrology, Metamorphic Process and Genesis of The Dabie--Sulu Eclogite Belt, Eastern--Central China

The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt wasformed by subduction and collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. The study ofthe eclogite belt is very important in understanding the evolution of the Qinling Dabie orogen. Inthe present paper the geology, petrology, minerology and chronology of the eclogites in the Dabieand Sulu areas are described. The principal conclusions of this work are as follows: (1) Based up-on the field occurrence and the P-T conditions of the eclogites, two types of eclogite can be dis-tinguished: Type 1—the low-temperature and high-pressure eclogite in the mid-late Proterozoicmetamorphic series, and Type 2—the ultra-high pressure eclogite in the late Archaean to earlyProterozoic metamorphic complex. In the Dabie area, the ultra-high-pressure eclogite,high-pressure eclogite and epidote-blueschist units are nearly parallel to each other and stretchintermittently from north to south. (2) The P-T conditions of the high-pressure eclogites and ul-tra-high pressure eclogites have been estimated. The former are formed at 450-550℃ and1.4-1.6 GPa; while the latter at 650-870℃ and >2.7-2.9 GPa in the Dabie area and at820-1000℃ and >2.8-3.1 GPa in the Sulu area. The metamorphic temperatures of the eclogitesincrease progressively from west to east. (3) The ultra-high pressure eclogites were subjected to 5stages of metamorphism: pre-eclogite epidote amphibolite facies, peak coesite eclogite facies,post-eclogite amphibolite facies, epidote-blueschist facies or epidote amphibolite facies andgreenschist facies. The general features of the PTt path of the ultra-high pressure eclogite are:clockwise pattern, progressive metamorphism being a process of slow increasing temperature andrapid increasing pressure, and the retrogressive section with nearly isothermal decompression atthe early stage, isobaric cooling at the middle stage and nearly isothermal decompression at thelate stage. (4) At least two stages of high-pressure metamorphism occurred in the orogenic belt:the high-pressure eclogite and ultra-high pressure eclogite were formed by the subduction of theoceanic crust northward beneath the North China plate or the Dabie block during theCaledonian; while the epidote-blueschist belt came into being by subdution and collision be-tween the two continental plates during the Indosinian. (5) Due to the continuous sequentialsubduction of the cold plate, the ultra high-presssure metamorphic rocks were uplifted to thecrust by the underplating processes. They can be preserved just because of the "frozen effect" re-sulting from the continuous subduction of the cold plate. (6) The carbonates, such as magnesite,breunnerite, aragonite and dolomite, and the H_2O-bearing minerals, such as phengite, epidoteand zoisite, were stable during the high-pressure and/or ultra-high pressure metamorphism.