大兴安岭北部塔河花岗杂岩体的地球化学特征及成因

塔河杂岩体位于塔源-喜桂图缝合带北侧的额尔古纳地块东部,是早古生代侵入的花岗杂岩体。该杂岩体的主要岩石类型为正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩,少量碱长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,辉长岩以包体存在于花岗岩中。岩石成因类型为典型的Ⅰ型后造山侵入体。岩体在野外地质特征、矿物组合、显微结构、化学成分及锆石Hf同位素特征等方面都表现出岩浆混合成因。在早古生代额尔古纳地块与兴安地块拼合后的后造山伸展拉张背景下,地壳和地幔都发生部分熔融,直接起源于亏损地幔的玄武质岩浆侵入到下地壳熔融的花岗质岩浆房,经结晶分异作用,形成了塔河杂岩体不同的岩石类型。花岗岩的εHf(t)为-0.8~+5.6之间,Hf模式年龄在0.9~1.5Ga之间,反映塔河花岗岩的源岩应该是在中-新元古代时期由亏损地幔起源的新生地壳物质。结合额尔古纳地块早古生代和中生代花岗岩锆石Hf同位素资料,我们认为额尔古纳地块在中-新元古代时曾发生过一次重要的地壳增生事件。     

越南西北部莱州地区新生代煌斑岩地球化学特征及其成因

越南西北部菜州地区出露的新生代煌斑岩岩脉对理解特提斯造山带东段的深部岩石圈特征和演化具有重要的地质意义.本文报道莱州地区煌斑岩的元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征,探讨其岩石成因.该地区煌斑岩属于钙碱性,钾质-超钾质煌斑岩特征.地球化学特征对比表明,菜州地区煌斑岩与哀牢山断裂带碱性岩具有相似的地球化学特征,但与海南和越南南部火山岩存在明显差异.分析结果表明,煌斑岩具有高的87Sr/86Sr比值、低143Nd/144Nd比值和高放射性成因Pb同位素组成特征.岩石的微量元素组成特征指示,形成煌斑岩的地幔源区可能经历过流体交代作用或沉积物组分的加入.低208Pb*/206Pb*比值暗示地幔源区富集事件是近期发生的,可能与晚古生代-早中生代印支地块向扬子地块俯冲事件有关.     

扬子地块南缘晚古生代洋壳存在的Nd同位素证据

总结我国扬子地块南缘新元古代—早中生代沉积岩目前已发表的Ｎｄ同位素资料发现,这些沉积岩具有随时间变化而其Ｎｄ同位素组成发生漂移的现象。在绝大多数时间里,它们具有２０００Ｍａ左右的Ｎｄ模式年龄,但在１０００～７００Ｍａ的新元古代和＜４００Ｍａ的晚古生代—早中生代时间段中,Ｎｄ同位素模式年龄急剧降低,反映在此时间段内,新生地幔物质已经进入沉积物的物源区。１０００～７００Ｍａ期间的Ｎｄ同位素变化归因于晋宁期的碰撞造山作用而晚古生代－早中生代沉积岩的Ｎｄ同位素变异起因于海盆发育阶段洋壳的出现。即扬子地块南缘在晚古生代—早中生代期间曾经存在过洋壳,且该洋盆可能是古特提斯大洋分支的一部分。     

大兴安岭中生代火山活动构造背景

大兴安岭中生代火山岩主要为高钾粗面质火山岩, 属于一套碱质含量比较高的钙碱性火山岩系, 随时间从酸性向中基性方向演化。其元素地球化学特征和Sr、 Nd 同位素组成揭示火山岩具有壳源和幔源两部分源区特点, 玄武质岩石来源于相对未亏损的地幔, 中酸性火山岩则成因于地壳物质的混染或下地壳的重熔作用, 暗示火山岩的形成与陆内深部软流体上涌引起的壳幔相互作用有关。 此外, 本文还从火山活动中心的迁移,以及东邻洋陆板块之间的相互运动角度,阐述了大兴安岭中生代火山活动与大洋板块的俯冲作用无直接联系。     

东北地区晚古生代-中生代I型和A型花岗岩Nd同位素变化趋势及其构造意义

中国东北地区位于中亚造山带巨型增生陆缘的东段,分布着巨量的具有新生特征的显生宙花岗岩和火山岩。本文对东北地区晚古生代-中生代I和A型花岗岩年代学和Nd同位素组成开展了综合分析和研究。东北地区的I型花岗岩有两种Nd同位素变化趋势:一是以额尔古纳和兴安地块为代表,其εNd(t)随着年龄变新而增大,与造山带垮塌、软流圈上涌的幔源熔体或蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲交代地幔楔熔体加入引起的地壳增生作用相关。二是以松嫩地块西南区和张广才岭为代表,εNd(t)随着年龄变新而下降,反映花岗岩的熔融源区有从早期的新生岛弧中、下地壳向晚期含更多再循环物质的中、上地壳迁移的趋势。A型花岗岩侵位时代主要有三期,总体上具有正的εNd(t)值,绝大部分tDM21.0Ga,反映了东北地区强烈的地壳增生作用。晚古生代A型花岗岩主要沿着贺根山-黑河断裂分布,可能与兴安和松嫩地块碰撞后伸展作用相关;早中生代A型花岗岩主体分布于张广才岭,与松嫩、佳木斯和兴凯地块的碰撞后伸展作用相关;早白垩世A型花岗岩遍布整个东北地区,可能与古太平洋板块俯冲、后撤导致的区域性伸展作用相关。晚古生代-中生代花岗岩的Nd二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)与侵位年龄(t)的对比展示了东北各构造单元地壳增生作用的差异。与华北北缘中生代花岗岩的特征相似,额尔古纳和佳木斯地块的花岗岩表现出tDM2t+1000Ma的特征,表明这两个地块具有古老的结晶基底。兴安地块、松嫩地块西南区和张广才岭花岗岩的tDM2和侵位年龄差值集中在300~1000Ma,反映不同属性(年轻vs.古老)的地壳物质对熔融源区的贡献。东北地区tDM2和侵位年龄差值小于300Ma的花岗岩岩体极少,仅有乌兰浩特的查干岩体一例,可能由新近增生的新生地壳熔融形成。由Nd同位素特征显示,晚古生代-中生代东北地区显著的地壳增生作用主要发生在缝合带和岩石圈规模的断裂带,幔源岩浆沿断裂带上升到地壳不同深度并形成高εNd(t)和低tDM2的中酸性火成岩。除几个特殊岩体表现出过于亏损或富集Nd同位素的特征,早白垩世东北地区酸性火成岩的Nd同位素组成相近,εNd(t)值集中在0~+3之间,可能暗示此时期东北地区的中、下地壳成分组成趋于一致并与同时期的古太平洋俯冲作用有关。我们的结果显示东北地区晚古生代-中生代花岗岩的起源与古亚洲洋、蒙古鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋的构造演化相关。这三个古大洋的扩张和俯冲作用提供了大量新生地壳物质,而新生和再循环地壳物质的重熔形成了东北地区大规模的显生宙花岗岩及其对应成分的喷出岩。     

庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义

从中生代到新生代,华北东部岩石圈地幔发生了减薄以及地球化学性质置换, 而扬子地块东部中生代岩石圈地幔也表现出类似的过程,对中生代火山岩的地球化学研究有助于了解这一变化过程以及发生置换时的时空关系。庐枞火山岩出露于扬子地块东部,为一套包括粗玄岩–玄武粗安岩–粗面岩的富碱橄榄安粗岩系。研究了双庙组基性火山岩,这些岩石富集Rb,K,Sr,Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素。(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7060~0.7063,εNd(t )=-3.9~-6.2,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.788~18.125,(207Pb/204Pb)i= 15.511~15.546,(208Pb/204Pb)i =37.735~38.184。在喷出地表过程中,火山岩没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,因此元素和同位素组成反映了地幔源区的地球化学特征。 其地幔源区具有同位素富集特征,表明火山岩源区曾受到地壳物质的影响,是富集地幔部分熔融的产物,并经历明显的结晶分异作用。庐枞火山岩的岩浆成分和源区特征反映该地区在晚中生代岩石圈地幔的伸展和软流圈地幔上涌的演化过程。     

古太平洋板块俯冲对延边地区深部地壳的置换作用:显生宙花岗岩的Nd同位素制约

延边地区晚古生代–早白垩世花岗岩的Nd同位素研究显示,该区可以富尔河–古洞河断裂为界划分为南北两个岩区。北区显示亏损、年轻的源区特征(εNd(t)=?0.7~+3.8,tDM2=691~976 Ma),南区可能继承了古老富集端元组分(εNd(t)=–13.6~–0.6,tDM2=1004~2166 Ma)。从二叠纪到白垩纪,北区花岗岩的εNd(t)值随着年龄变新递减,南区的εNd(t)值则随着年龄变新递增,并在早白垩世时两区花岗岩的εNd(t)值达到基本相同。这种Nd同位素组成的变化趋势,说明南北两区深部地壳物质组成随时间变新而趋于均一化,反映了北区和南区先前存在的古亚洲洋型增生地壳和华北克拉通古老再循环地壳,在中生代期间遭受了古太平洋板块俯冲形成的新增生弧地壳的强烈改造和置换,使得两区深部地壳组成在白垩纪时基本一致。该研究结果为深入理解中生代古太平洋俯冲作用对东北地区深部地壳的改造过程提供了可靠的同位素地球化学制约。     

东海地球动力学环境与过程的同位素证据及盆地动力学模式

在东海地球动力学环境与过程研究现状分析基础上,讨论了采自盆地东西部油气钻井玄武岩样品的岩石化学、微量元素和同位素测试分析的成果,阐述了玄武岩岩石结构与岩石成分特征,计算岩浆起源深度与岩浆起源温度。通过岩浆源区地幔性质与深部过程分析,指出Sm-Nd、Pb-Pb、Nd-Pb同位素体系反映的深部地幔流体具有古生代向新生代转型的双重特征,与古生代地幔岩浆来源具有较明显亲和性,其中既有古老地幔物质存在,又有新生地幔物质参与,表明研究区地壳深部流体活动十分频繁。结合海洋一期"863"双船折射大剖面有关地质-地球物理解释成果的综合分析认识,提出了盆地地球动力学成因模式。     

天山石炭-二叠纪后碰撞花岗岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素源区示踪

天山造山带不仅是中亚巨型造山带的组成部分，也是我国西部晚古生代岩浆活动的集中区，蕴含着丰富的古亚洲洋演化的复合地质信息。笔者以探索天山晚古生代花岗岩浆活动的物质来源为目标，采用Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学方法，对该区不同构造单元中具有代表性的花岗岩体进行了全面系统的研究，发现天山不同构造单元中花岗岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征具有明显差异。在与其围岩的同位素特征进行对比研究的基础上，提出了产于不同构造单元石炭-二叠纪花岗岩的可能源区。觉罗塔格石炭-二叠纪裂谷带的晚古生代花岗岩，具有最高的εNd(t)值和最低的(^87Sr／^86Sr)t值，如，以康古尔石英闪长岩为代表的二叠纪花岗岩的源岩可能是早期泥盆纪大南湖岛弧火山岩(新生地壳)；博格达地区的晚石炭-二叠纪花岗岩是早期基性火山岩，亦可能是底侵基性岩部分熔融的产物。中新元古代基底晚石炭-二叠纪裂谷带中花岗岩的源岩亦为同期基性火山岩，但在岩浆演化过程中受到古老基底地壳的混染，导致其εNd(t)值低于石炭-二叠纪裂谷带中花岗岩，而(^87Sr／^86Sr)t高于石炭-二叠纪裂谷带花岗岩。南天山东段和前寒武系微地块及其边缘中的晚古生代(含个别早古生代花岗岩)花岗岩分别是类似于库米什斜长角闪岩的古老地壳和西天山元古代古老地壳部分熔融的产物，因此它们均具有负的εNd(t)值和异常高的(^87Sr／^86Sr)t值。上述认识对于了解天山晚古生代区域岩石圈演化及深部过程具有重要意义。     

南极罗斯岛及泰勒谷地区火山岩的地球化学特征及成因讨论

利用微量元素和Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｐｂ同位素资料，得出了南极罗斯岛及泰勒谷地区火山岩来自于上地幔，五个地区火山岩具有相同的源区。岩石具有大洋岛屿玄武岩（ＯＩＢ）的特征。来自地幔的火山喷发的岩浆未遭受地壳物质的混染作用。地幔源区是具有高μ（＝２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ）比值的地幔组分ＨＩＭＵ与亏损地幔组分ＤＭＭ混合作用的结果，其中以ＨＩＭＵ组分为主，原生岩浆由具ＨＩＭＵ组分特征的深部地幔柱与浅部的ＤＭＭ混合而成。     

黄骅盆地中新生代火山岩岩相及岩石化学特征

通过对渤海地区黄骅盆地中新生代火山岩进行典型的岩芯取样、岩相及全岩分析,并结合KAr法测年、微量元素和同位素地球化学分析,得出以下结论:主要岩石类型有新生代老第三纪玄武岩、中生代晚白垩世玄武粗安岩、中生代晚白垩世粗面英安岩和流纹岩和中生代早三叠世英安岩。晚中生代火山岩岩石的主量元素丰度呈双峰分布,从老到新,火山岩主元素中SiO2减少,Fe2O3、FeO、CaO、MgO、TiO2、P2O5、MnO有所增加。新生代玄武岩可能源自亏损的软流圈地幔,晚白垩世玄武粗安岩源自玄武质组分亏损和受到富集改造的岩石圈地幔,     

东天山巴里坤地区晚石炭世双峰式火山岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

新疆东天山博格达-哈尔里克造山带巴里坤地区晚石炭世双峰式火山岩很好地记录了中亚造山带西南缘晚古生代时期洋陆转换阶段复杂的岩浆作用过程,对该过程的详细剖析能更好地理解中亚造山带的地质历史.通过对晚石炭统二道沟组火山岩详细的岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd同位素组成的研究,结合区域上已有的研究成果,获得了如下认识:（1）东天山博格达-哈尔里克造山带晚石炭统二道沟组火山岩形成于晚石炭世早期（308~312 Ma）,为陆相喷发的产物.火山岩具明显的双峰式组合特征,基性火山岩端元由高钾-钾玄岩系列的玄武岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩及同成分的火山碎屑岩组成;酸性火山岩端元由粗面岩、流纹岩组成.（2）岩石地球化学和同位素特征显示,该套双峰式火山岩具有相似的地球化学特征,是相同源区岩浆演化的产物,为深部受到俯冲流体交代的软流圈上涌（尖晶石-石榴石橄榄岩5%~25%部分熔融）形成具有明显Nb、Ta亏损的基性火山岩,岩浆经过结晶分异作用形成酸性火山岩,进而形成晚石炭世双峰式火山岩组合.（3）该套双峰式火山岩是早石炭世双峰式火山岩的延续,代表了该区域弧后盆地基础上的持续裂开.      

Crustal Contamination of Early Cretaceous Magmatic Rocks of the Western Transbaikal Rifting Zone

Results of isotope Sr, Ns, and O analyses of volcanic rocks from the Uda sector of the West Transbaikal Rift Zone have allowed estimation of the character of interaction of their parental mantle melts with crustal rocks. The smallest magnitude of this interaction has been found in the compositions of Late Cretaceous (83–70 Ma) volcanics, the geochemical and isotope markers of which suggest their derivation from a moderately enriched mantle compositionally resembling OIB sources. The Early Cretaceous volcanics were derived from mantle sources that included a mantle enriched by subduction. While ascending through the crust, the parental melts of the Uda Complex (130–111 Ma) were contaminated by the lower crust matter. The Zazin Complex magmas (143–135 Ma) have features suggesting their interaction with upper crustal granitoids of the Angara–Vitim Batholith.

     

杭州河上地区新元古代火山岩与侵入岩的岩浆同源性

杭州河上地区是浙西北上元古界上墅组火山岩发育的典型地区,同时还发育新元古代辉绿岩和碱长花岗岩板状复合浅成侵入体。火山岩与侵入岩在空间上密切共生,形成时间相近,皆为晋宁晚期构造岩浆活动的产物。火山喷发并伴随的岩浆侵入经历了两个阶段,每个阶段的火山岩与侵入岩在岩石类型、岩石化学和地球化学方面具有相似性或一致性,稀土元素分布型式基本一致,说明每个阶段的火山岩与侵入岩来源于同一岩浆源,均是同源岩浆活动的产物。第一阶段上墅组基性火山岩与次坞辉绿岩体起源于亏损程度较低的地幔,或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染;第二阶段上墅组酸性火山岩与道林山碱长花岗岩体可能起源于地壳中既含有基性地壳组分和又含有酸性地壳组分的源区的部分熔融。     

Discovery of the Late Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in the Guyang area,eastern Yinshan Block,and its geological implicationsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

在华北克拉通北缘阴山地块东部固阳地区发现了假白榴石粗面玄武岩和钾质粗面岩两种高钾准铝质碱性火山岩。地质年代学数据显示,假白榴石粗面玄武岩的磷灰石U-Pb年龄为322±14Ma,钾质粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为315.6±7.5Ma,说明其形成时代均为晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示,二者均富Al、Fe,贫Mg;富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba和K),相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb和Ti),轻重稀土分异明显,富集轻稀土,相对亏损重稀土,Eu异常不明显;高(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.710028~0.714745),低εNd(t)值(-9.0~-17.2),表现出相似的交代岩石圈地幔源区和地壳混染特征。将该碱性火山岩与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩和阴山地块白垩纪中基性火山岩进行岩石类型对比,发现华北克拉通北缘产出的火山岩多为高钾碱性系列,而兴蒙造山带中产出的火山岩则多为钙碱性系列;与兴蒙造山带晚石炭世-早二叠世中基性火山岩进行岩石成因对比,发现它们的岩浆源区和混染程度并不相同,即固阳地区碱性火山岩为受到早古生代俯冲沉积物交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中混染华北克拉通TTG片麻岩后喷发的产物,而兴蒙造山带中火山岩的产出则多为亏损地幔部分熔融所形成的岩浆在上升过程中轻度混染地壳物质后喷发的结果。在固阳地区发现晚石炭世碱性火山岩,代表着古亚洲洋在该时期的后造山伸展作用范围已延伸至华北克拉通北缘。     

Lead isotope evolution of the Central European upper mantle:Constraints from the Bohemian Massif

The Pb isotope composition of the upper mantle beneath Central Europe is heterogeneous due to the subduction of regionally contrasting material during the Variscan and Alpine orogenies.Late Variscan to Cenozoic mantlederived melts allow mapping this heterogeneity on a regional scale for the last ca.340 Myr.Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif(lamprophyres,volcanic rocks of basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series) concentrate mostly in the Eger Rift.Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres yielded the most radiogenic Pb isotope signatures reflecting a maximum contribution from metasomatised lithospheric mantle,whereas Tertiary alkaline lamprophyres originated from mantle with less radiogenic ~(206)Pb/~(204)b ratios suggesting a more substantial modification of lithospheric source by interaction with asthenosphericderived melts.Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series define a linear mixing trend between these components,indicating dilution of the initial lithospheric mantle signature by upwelling asthenosphere during rifting.The Pb isotope composition of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif follows the same Pb growth curve as Variscan orogenic lamprophyres and lamproites that formed during the collision between Laurussia,Gondwana,and associated terranes.This implies that the crustal Pb signature in the post-Variscan mantle is repeatedly sampled by younger anorogenic melts.Most Cenozoic mantle-derived rocks of Central Europe show similar Pb isotope ranges as the Bohemian Massif.     

Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys in Central Iran:Evidence from petrology and age of the Nain-Ashin ophiolitic basalts

The Nain and Ashin ophiolites consist of Mesozoic melange units that were emplaced in the Late Cretaceous onto the continental basement of the Central-East Iran microcontinent(CEIM).They largely consist of serpentinized peridotites slices;nonetheless,minor tectonic slices of sheeted dykes and pillow lavas-locally stratigraphically associated with radiolarian cherts-can be found in these ophiolitic melanges.Based on their whole rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry,these rocks can be divided into two geochemical groups.The sheeted dykes and most of the pillow lavas show island arc tholeiitic(IAT)affinity,whereas a few pillow lavas from the Nain ophiolites show calc-alkaline(CA)affinity.Petrogenetic modeling based on trace elements composition indicates that both IAT and CA rocks derived from partial melting of depleted mantle sources that underwent enrichment in subduction-derived components prior to melting.Petrogenetic modeling shows that these components were represented by pure aqueous fluids,or sediment melts,or a combination of both,suggesting that the studied rocks were formed in an arc-forearc tectonic setting.Our new biostratigraphic data indicate this arc-forearc setting was active in the Early Cretaceous.Previous tectonic interpretations suggested that the Nain ophiolites formed,in a Late Cretaceous backarc basin located in the south of the CEIM(the so-called Nain-Baft basin).However,recent studies showed that the CEIM underwent a counter-clockwise rotation in the Cenozoic,which displaced the Nain and Ashin ophiolites in their present day position from an original northeastward location.This evidence combined with our new data and a comparison of the chemical features of volcanic rocks from different ophiolites around the CEIM allow us to suggest that the Nain-Ashin volcanic rocks and dykes were formed in a volcanic arc that developed on the northern margin of the CEIM during the Early Cretaceous in association with the subduction,below the CEIM,of a Neo-Tethys oceanic branch that was existing between the CEIM and the southern margin of Eurasia.As a major conclusion of this paper,a new geodynamic model for the Cretaceous evolution of the CEIM and surrounding Neo-Tethyan oceanic basins is proposed.     

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗地区中生代中酸性火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

西乌旗地区处于大兴安岭南部,广泛分布中生代火山岩。中生代火山岩中性岩组SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为163Ma±2Ma,为岩浆上侵结晶的年龄;研究区南区下营子地区查干诺尔组流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为144.2Ma±1.4Ma,表明西乌旗地区晚中生代火山岩形成时代为晚侏罗世—早白垩世。在TAS图中,中性岩样品数据点落入粗面岩区,属碱性岩系列,REE分馏明显,LILE富集,Nb、Ta等元素亏损,Eu异常不明显,具有正高εNd（t）值,推断粗面岩是由地幔的碱性、过碱性岩浆经过分离结晶过程形成的;流纹岩属高钾钙碱性岩系列,REE分馏明显,部分LILE富集,Ba、Sr和HFSE强烈亏损,推测该岩石由相对较浅的中下地壳物质部分熔融形成并具有A2型花岗岩的特征。综合研究并结合前人的资料,认为从晚侏罗世（163Ma）开始,西乌旗所在大兴安岭地区已经处于伸展构造环境。     

Zircon U–Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks from the Manitu Formation in the Hongol Area,Northeastern Inner Mongolia

We undertook zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical analyses of volcanic rocks from the Manitu Formation in the Hongol area,northeastern Inner Mongolia,to determine their age,petrogenesis and sources,which are important for understanding the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Great Xing'an Range.The volcanic rocks of the Manitu Formation from the Hongol area consist primarily of trachyandesite,based on their chemical compositions.The zircons from two of these trachyandesites are euhedral-subhedral in shape,display clear oscillatory growth zoning and have high Th/U ratios(0.31-1.15),indicating a magmatic origin.The results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicate that the volcanic rocks from the Manitu Formation in the Hongol area formed during the early Early Cretaceous with ages of 138.9-140.5 Ma.The volcanic rocks are high in alkali(Na_2O + K_2O = 6.22-8.26 wt%),potassium(K_2O = 2.49-4.58 wt%) and aluminium(Al_2O_3 = 14.27-15.88 wt%),whereas they are low in iron(total Fe_2O_3 = 3.76-6.53 wt%) and titanium(TiO_2 = 1.02-1.61 wt%).These volcanic rocks are obviously enriched in large ion lithophile elements,such as Rb,Ba,Th and U,and light rare earth elements,and are depleted in high field strength elements,such as Nb,Ta and Ti with pronounced negative anomalies.Their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions show positive ε_(Nd)(t)(+0.16‰ to+1.64‰) and low T_(DM)(t)(694-767 Ma).The geochemical characteristics of these volcanic rocks suggest that they belong to a shoshonitic series and were likely generated from the partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle that was metasomatised by fluids released from a subducted slab during the closure of the MongolOkhotsk Ocean.Elemental and isotopic features reveal that fractional crystallization with the removal of ferromagnesian minerals,plagioclase,ilmenite,magnetite and apatite played an important role during the evolution of the magma.These shoshonitic rocks were produced by the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle in an extensional regime,which resulted from the gravitational collapse following the final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in the Middle-Late Jurassic.     

Late Cenozoic volcanic province in Central and East Asia

The paper presents materials on the inner structure of the Late Cenozoic within-plate volcanic province in Central and East Asia, in which two subprovinces are distinguished: Central Asian and Far Eastern, which comprise a number of autonomously evolving volcanic areas. Some of the volcanic areas are proved to have evolved for a long time, starting in the Late Mesozoic. In spite of differences in their age and structural setting, the volcanic areas evolved according to similar scenarios in the Late Cenozoic. Magmatism in the province was related to a mantle source of the within-plate type. The magmatic associations are dominated by mafic alkaline high-K rocks. The rocks are geochemically close to basalts of the OIB type, and their isotopic composition corresponds to a combination of mantle sources of the PREMA, EMI, and EMII types at the predominance of PREMA. Geological, geochemical, and isotopic lines of evidence suggest that magmatism in the province was related to mantle plumes. This is consistent with geophysical data, which testify that the volcanic areas are underlain by upwellings of the asthenospheric mantle or plumes. Seismic tomography data indicate that the “stems” of the plumes can be traced down to the upper and lower mantle. The province is thought to have been produced when the eastern margin of the Asian plate overlapped one of the branches of the Pacific superplume at approximately 160 Ma. This branch of the superplume is pronounced in the modern mantle structure as a cluster of mantle plumes that control (according to seismic tomography data) the interaction zone of the Pacific and Asian lithospheric plates.