水城徐家寨锰矿床地质特征及成矿模式

贵州水城徐家寨锰矿是该地区的一个重要锰矿典型矿床,通过对该矿床的基本地质特征及成矿进行研究、分析,初步总结出成矿模式。徐家寨锰矿最终定位于开阔台地沉积相的沉积-风化锰帽型矿床。     

四川省平武县茶树岭锰矿地质特征及找矿标志

茶树岭锰矿是近年来在川西北地区新发现的锰矿床。文章在阐述成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征及矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿床成因作了探讨,认为茶树岭锰矿成因类型属于浅海相沉积型锰矿床,并提出了找矿标志;其对周边找矿实践具有参考意义。     

东昆仑洪水河铁锰矿床特征及发现意义

沉积变质型锰矿是国内外重要的矿床类型,洪水河铁锰矿床是近年来东昆仑地区铁锰矿勘查的重要发现。笔者在对洪水河铁锰矿床成矿地质背景和矿床特征研究基础上,认为矿床产于蓟县系狼牙山组,矿体受地层层位和岩性控制明显,铁锰矿床的形成经历了碎屑沉积、热水沉积、变质作用和表生氧化作用,矿质的沉淀与缺氧环境密切相关,矿床成因属于沉积变质型。东昆仑地区蓟县系狼牙山组分布广泛,该矿床的发现不仅可带动青海省铁锰矿的勘查和研究,而且进一步拓展了中元古代锰矿的勘查地域范围。     

四川省锰矿成矿规律与找矿前景

对四川省已知锰矿床(点)进行了统计,按集中区、产出时代和已知典型矿床,将锰矿类型划分为虎牙式、轿顶山式、石坎式、高燕式、大白岩式,按成因分类归为海相沉积型、(火山)沉积变质型,从锰矿分布的时间、空间、含矿地层及岩相古地理、构造及成锰盆地等总结了5个矿床式的成矿规律。根据成矿条件、地质背景等,计算典型矿床含矿系数,以地质体积法预测各个矿床式的资源远景,探讨全省锰矿资源前景,对省内锰矿勘查具有重要意义。     

新疆西昆仑玛尔坎苏-穆呼锰矿带地质特征与定量预测

近年来,在西昆仑-昆盖山-库尔浪Fe-Cu-Mn多金属矿带发现2处大型锰矿床,表明该区锰矿成矿地质条件优越,找矿潜力巨大。通过系统收集资料,对西昆仑玛尔坎苏-穆呼锰矿带地质特征进行了归纳和总结,采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,对该地区锰矿资源潜力进行了预测。以穆呼锰矿为典型矿床,结合区域地球化学、地球物理异常,总结区域锰矿控矿要素,建立预测模型,圈定找矿靶区4处,预测锰矿资源量7 939.08×104t,为区域锰矿地质勘查提供方向。     

贵州省遵义播州区和尚场锰矿床地质特征

遵义锰矿是贵州首次发现具有工业价值的锰矿床,其中和尚场锰矿是最早发现的锰矿床。利用和尚场锰矿勘查开发成果,详细总结了矿床地质、成矿地质体和矿石特征,锰矿体呈层状、似层状产于二叠纪茅口组第三段含锰岩系,矿石矿物主要为菱锰矿,自然类型为碳酸锰矿石,工业类型为贫锰矿、富锰矿。认为矿床位于二叠纪遵义次级裂谷盆地(Ⅱ级)中团溪—尚稽(Ⅲ级)地堑盆地的和尚场Ⅳ级地堑成锰盆地中,区内发现了1个尚未圈边的喷溢沉积中心,富锰矿体分布在成矿系统中心相。矿床类型划为"内生外成气液喷溢沉积型锰矿床"。     

博茨瓦纳莫能锰矿床地质特征及成因

莫能锰矿为元古代形成的与含铁建造密切相关的锰矿床。本文系统总结了区域地质背景、锰矿床地质特征,并对含锰地层的岩相古地理进行了分析,认为含矿岩系为滨外浅海陆棚沉积。在此基础上,初步建立了矿床的成因模式,提出矿床成因属浅海沉积变质型。与世界上最大的锰矿田卡拉哈里锰矿田进行对比后,认为它们在成矿背景、成矿时代、矿床特征、岩相古地理条件及后生改造等方面均有相似之处,莫能锰矿具有成为大型锰矿床的找矿潜力。     

张家山锰矿地质特征及找矿标志

四川张家山锰矿是近年来新发现的锰矿床,位于松潘—甘孜推覆造山带和扬子陆块的结合部位。在成矿地质背景及矿区地质特征系统研究的基础上,对矿床成因及找矿标志做了探讨,确立其成因类型为海相沉积型锰矿床。张家山锰矿地质特征、成因及找矿标志探讨,对于研究该地区沉积型锰矿床不仅具有理论研究价值,而且对于实践指导找矿有一定的借鉴意义。     

锰矿床的形成机制及其找矿预测

文中讨论了锰矿床成矿物质来源、成矿时代、成矿地质背景和矿床成因类型,并提出了锰矿地质工作的程序.     

福建省连城锰矿四号矿点锰矿床成因探讨

本文从区域地质、矿床地质特征和矿床的碳、氧、硫同位素组成三方面,论述连城锰矿四号矿点锰矿床的成因,认为矿床赋存于断层带倒转向斜内,系沉积变质而成。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.