饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡沙一下亚段混积滩坝沉积特征与发育模式

混积滩坝不仅发育于海相沉积盆地,也广泛发育于陆相断陷湖盆,特别是在缓坡带最为发育并与油气富集密切相关.以饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡为靶区,基于岩心与测井资料,通过岩心与薄片观察、粒度分析、微量元素含量测定等手段确定了研究区沙一下亚段混积滩坝沉积和分布特征,建立了断陷湖盆缓坡混积滩坝的沉积模式.研究表明,可以依据岩性将蠡县斜坡发育的滩坝分为碎屑岩滩坝、碳酸盐岩滩坝和混积滩坝,其中混积滩坝又可以分为成分混积滩坝和层系混积滩坝.混积滩坝岩性以灰质砂岩、砂质鲕粒灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩等为主,其发育与展布受控于古气候、古物源、古地貌、古水体等地质因素,在斜坡不同位置、不同沉积阶段构成了不同类型的滩坝沉积组合.斜坡近岸缓坡带发育层系混积滩坝以及碎屑岩滩坝,远岸缓坡带发育成分混积滩坝,远岸水下低隆带主要发育碳酸盐岩滩坝.      

南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系层序地层级次与砂质滩坝的沉积响应*

湖相滩坝砂体是陆相盆地广泛发育的一类油气储集层,已成为成熟油田岩性油气藏勘探的重要领域。基于层序界面识别与划分、古地貌恢复、物源体系、砂体展布以及成藏条件分析,论证了Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系Gayger-Galhak组的层序地层特征及其对滩坝沉积的控制。结果表明:(1)目的层段发育1个二级层序和SQ1、SQ2、SQ3等3个三级层序,SQ3又可进一步细分为6个准层序组(四级层序)。(2)不同级别的层序分别控制着滩坝沉积的发育位置、平面展布及岩性圈闭的成藏要素,表现为: 二级层序控制滩坝沉积的垂向发育位置,滩坝砂体主要发育于二级基准面下降期;三级层序控制滩坝沉积的发育规模和沉积模式,三级基准面下降半旋回与上升半旋回转换位置发育的潜山隆起周缘型坝砂面积(约10km²)和厚度(10~20m)较大、孔隙度高(20%~25%),而发育于三级基准面上升期的水下潜山台地型坝砂面积(1~4km²)和厚度(2~3m)较小、孔隙度相对较低(15%~20%);四级层序洪泛期沉积的泥岩作为局部盖层,不仅控制着滩坝储盖组合的分布,而且决定了滩坝成因岩性圈闭的有效性。     

南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系层序地层级次与砂质滩坝的沉积响应

湖相滩坝砂体是陆相盆地广泛发育的一类油气储集层,已成为成熟油田岩性油气藏勘探的重要领域。基于层序界面识别与划分、古地貌恢复、物源体系、砂体展布以及成藏条件分析,论证了Melut盆地Ruman凹陷白垩系Gayger-Galhak组的层序地层特征及其对滩坝沉积的控制。结果表明:(1)目的层段发育1个二级层序和SQ1、SQ2、SQ3等3个三级层序,SQ3又可进一步细分为6个准层序组(四级层序)。(2)不同级别的层序分别控制着滩坝沉积的发育位置、平面展布及岩性圈闭的成藏要素,表现为:二级层序控制滩坝沉积的垂向发育位置,滩坝砂体主要发育于二级基准面下降期;三级层序控制滩坝沉积的发育规模和沉积模式,三级基准面下降半旋回与上升半旋回转换位置发育的潜山隆起周缘型坝砂面积(约10 km2)和厚度(10~20 m)较大、孔隙度高(20%~25%),而发育于三级基准面上升期的水下潜山台地型坝砂面积(1~4 km2)和厚度(2~3 m)较小、孔隙度相对较低(15%~20%);四级层序洪泛期沉积的泥岩作为局部盖层,不仅控制着滩坝储盖组合的分布,而且决定了滩坝成因岩性圈闭的有效性。     

济阳坳陷三种典型滩坝相的空间分布模式

基于对渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷车镇凹陷和沾化凹陷重点区块沙二段和沙四段滩坝相的解剖研究成果,展示了陆相断陷盆地不同演化阶段滩坝相的3种空间分布模式:①断-坳期碟形洼陷细粒碎屑岩滩坝相分布模式,这种分布模式发育于车镇凹陷大王北洼陷的沙二段,是一种浅水漫湖式细粒碎屑岩滩坝相沉积,可分为滩、坝主体、坝侧缘、坝间4种沉积微相;②断-坳期双断对称中隆型洼陷滩坝相分布模式,这种分布模式发育于沾化凹陷东部孤北洼陷的沙二段,受中部潜山隆起的控制作用明显,在中部潜山周缘的缓坡部位以碳酸盐岩滩坝相沉积为主,两侧为近似对称的、从岸边-中部依次发育粗粒扇三角洲相-中细粒碎屑岩滩坝相沉积;③断陷期单断非对称式水下中隆型洼陷滩坝相分布模式,这种分布模式发育于孤北洼陷桩西地区的沙四段,其东部次洼以粗粒扇三角洲和扇三角洲间为主,中部水下低隆起处及其周缘形成浅湖细粒碎屑岩滩坝相沉积,而在西部斜坡则以滩坝相沉积为主.这3种模式对于寻找以滩坝型为储层的岩性-地层圈闭具有参考意义.     

渤海湾盆地埕北凹陷古近系沉积体系分析与油气成藏

为了研究渤海湾盆地埕北凹陷的勘探前景和油气成藏规律,基于埕北凹陷古近系隐蔽油气藏的勘探实践,探讨了三个问题:埕北凹陷沉积演化史和沉积体系类型;沉积相分类和特征;油藏类型与成藏模式。通过对勘探地质资料的研究,得出了以下结果:埕北凹陷古近系经历了湖盆断陷早期、断陷扩张深陷期、断陷盆地萎缩期、湖盆断陷晚期四个阶段;埕北凹陷古近系发育了近岸水下扇沉积相、滩坝沉积相、扇三角洲沉积相、浊积扇沉积相、三角洲沉积相等五类主要的沉积相;古近系可分为陡坡带成藏体系和缓坡带成藏体系,油藏类型主要包括上倾尖灭油气藏、断块油气藏以及超覆不整合油气藏。以上结论表明埕北凹陷油气成藏明显受到沉积特征控制,油气易在上倾尖灭砂岩和不整合处成藏。     

冀中坳陷深县凹陷构造沉积格局与圈闭类型响应关系

深县凹陷位于冀中坳陷中部,其构造复杂,沉积类型多样,而多年来人们对凹陷内的油气圈闭(尤其是岩性地层圈闭)类型与分布规律缺乏统一认识,不利于在这类复杂断陷盆地内开展精细油气勘探。深县凹陷可划分为5个构造区带,各构造区带具有不同的沉积格局,这是各区带内油气圈闭类型存在差异的关键因素。总结出该凹陷主要发育构造圈闭、岩性圈闭、地层圈闭及潜山圈闭等4大类8亚类圈闭类型,这些圈闭类型与本区的构造沉积格局存在响应关系。其中,构造圈闭发育范围较广,主要集中在二级构造凸起带上,以深南背斜和榆科背斜为主,断块和断鼻圈闭构成了主要的圈闭类型;潜山圈闭主要发育在北部缓坡带中的深泽—刘村低凸起与何庄—深西潜山带;而岩性圈闭与地层圈闭主要发育在两个潜山带的侧翼以及南部的白宋庄洼槽带和深南背斜的两翼,这与砂砾岩透镜体、上倾尖灭砂体的分布及构造背景有关。     

济阳坳陷潜山油气藏体系与分布规律

潜山油气藏是一种重要的油气藏类型,其分布严格受构造带控制。文章通过分析济阳坳陷内潜山油气藏的特点,总结了各次级构造带潜山圈闭油气藏组合特点和分布规律,提出“潜山油气藏体系”概念,指出陡坡带、低凸起带、缓坡带是断陷盆地潜山油气藏体系最发育带,而凸起带和洼陷带次之;最后提出了断陷盆地潜山油气藏“两步走”的勘探思路。     

汤原断陷断裂构造特征及油气成藏特点

汤原断陷是典型的受断裂控制的新生代陆相断陷盆地,盆地内断裂非常发育,主要为NE、NEE、EW和NW四个方向。根据目前钻探结果分析,断陷油气主要分布在汤原断陷中轴线以东的中央凸起带和东部凹陷带,紧邻东兴和东发次凹。油气藏类型主要发育构造油气藏、构造岩性油气藏,预测可能还发育潜山油气藏、地层超覆油气藏和岩性油气藏。油气控制因素分析认为:制约汤原断陷油气聚集成藏的主控因素是烃源岩的发育与分布,构造是油气聚集的重要因素。油气勘探的方向和有利区为:在层系上应首先优选古近系的达连河组、新安村组及乌云组;在平面上应优选东兴和东发次凹及其上倾方向。     

断陷湖盆滩坝储集体沉积特征及沉积模式

通过综合分析大量的地质?测井?地震及室内分析资料,研究了陆相断陷湖盆中砂质滩坝和生物粒屑滩坝储集体的沉积特征,根据滩坝的沉积特征及其分布位置,确定出湖岸线拐弯处滩坝?水下古隆起处滩坝?开阔浅湖滩坝和短轴三角洲侧缘滩坝等四种类型,进而建立了它们的相模式?这些滩坝随着盆地发育演化作规律性分布并与油气富集密切相关?     

渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏

渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏的形成与分布 ,总体上受控于裂谷断陷湖盆的生成演化。中新生代以来 ,多旋回的挤压、走滑与伸展作用 ,使华北地台解体 ,地壳薄化 ,并形成由一系列掀斜断块组成的裂谷盆地。在盆地内 ,常出现含油的潜山披覆背斜构造、拖曳构造、重力滑动构造、冲断构造和不同时期不同类型构造复合叠加而成的复杂隐蔽断裂构造。受老第三纪构造旋回与古气候旋回控制 ,在沉积建造上形成了 5个不整合或假整合界面和 4套层序叠覆的层序结构 ,以及富于岩相岩性变化的断陷湖盆沉积。在水进超覆层内或水进超覆层之间 ,建造的低水位扇砂体、浊积岩体、生物碎屑灰岩与火山岩体等 ,极易形成大量的地层岩性油气藏和岩性与构造复合油气藏。     

济阳坳陷沾化凹陷古近系沙河街组二段潜山周缘滩坝及物性特征

以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,通过岩心、录井和测井分析,对济阳坳陷沾化凹陷沙二段进行划分和对比。在识别和划分不同沉积相的基础上,结合古地理、古水深、物性和油气显示资料,着重对碎屑岩滩坝和生物滩沉积特征和储集层物性进行分析,结果表明:①生物滩和砂滩分布于平坦、开阔环境中,单层厚度薄,分布面积广;砂坝形成于有一定坡度和地形起伏的环境中,单层厚度大,分布局限。②古地貌和基准面旋回是断陷盆地潜山周缘滩坝储集层物性的主控因素。③潜山西侧生物滩物性最好,面积广、厚度薄,物性最有利;其次为东侧砂坝和砂滩,面积局限,厚度大,物性次之;北侧生物滩和砂滩物性较差,面积较广,厚度较大。     

Genetic type,distribution patterns and controlling factors of beach and bars in the second member of the Shahejie formation in the Dawangbei Sag,Bohai Bay,China

As an important reservoir type in the Bohai Bay Basin, China, lacustrine beach and bar sands which refer to the shallow water complex deposited mainly by nearshore, delta‐rim and buried hill‐related beaches as well as longshore bars were developed in a particular stage in the evolution of those faulted Cenozoic continental depressions. In the Chezhen Depression, for example, the Second Member of the Oligocene Shehejie Formation (abbr. as Es2 hereafter) formed during the rifting‐to‐thermal subsidence transitional stage. Although well developed in Es2, beach and bar sands are difficult to recognize owing to their relative thinness. The paper summarizes sedimentary characteristics of lacustrine beach and bar sands on cores and logs. Low‐angle cross‐stratification, swash stratification, as well as occasional small‐scale hummocky cross‐stratification resulted from storms can be observed in beach and bar sands. The paper distinguishes bars and beaches from each other in Es2 mainly based on the grain‐size, bed thickness, facies succession and log responses. In order to predict the distribution of beach and bars, a chrono‐stratigraphic correlation framework of Es2 in the study strata is established using a high‐resolution sequence stratigraphic approach. Es2 strata are sub‐divided into six medium‐scale cycles and the mapping of the high‐frequency cycles allows the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of both beach and bar sands to be predicted. The study shows that beach and bars are better developed in times of base‐level fall than in base‐level rise. Factors such as lake‐level fluctuation, sediment supply, palaeogeomorphology and palaeowind direction have exerted control on the formation and distribution of beach and bar sands. Finally, the genetic pattern of beach and bar sands in the Es2 unit has been constructed, which provides a foundation for the prediction of beach and bars reservoir in continental basins in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sedimentary model and high-frequency cyclicity in a Mediterranean, shallow-shelf, temperate-carbonate environment (uppermost Miocene, Agua Amarga Basin, Southern Spain)

Uppermost Tortonian to lower Messinian temperate carbonates crop out in the Agua Amarga Basin (SE Spain). They consist of four units. The lower three units can be tentatively assigned to the lowstand systems tract of a fourth-order sequence, constituting in turn the lowstand (‘megatrough unit’), transgressive (‘breccia unit’) and highstand (‘bedded unit’) stages of a higher-order cycle. All these materials were deposited in a small pull-apart basin related to the sinistral Carboneras strike-slip fault system. The best represented is the bedded unit (up to 25 m thick), which consists of bioclastic, bryozoan/bivalve-dominated calcarenites/calcirudites with abundant fragments of echinoids, barnacles, benthic foraminifers, coralline algae, brachiopods and solitary corals. Facies trends within this unit are roughly arranged in an E-W direction, with the coastline to the north of the basin. The depositional model is that of a gentle ramp with prograding beaches and shoals in its higher parts. Seaward of the shoals was the ‘factory area’, where most organisms lived and maximum carbonate production took place. From this area some of the skeletons were washed landwards by waves and/or currents during storms and incorporated into the shoals and beaches, and others moved downslope along the ramp as mass-flows, accumulating to form the ‘fan-bedded zone’. The factory-area and fan-bedded sediments intercalate five well-defined, thick beds of calcarenites/fine-grained calcirudites. They show bar morphologies (single or amalgamated), or make up sand-waves with very consistent tabular cross-bedding pointing landwards. These beds formed in a very shallow, wave/current-influenced, coastal environment. The bars and sand waves in the fan-bedded zone developed during lowstands, while those located higher up in the ramp interbedded with the factory facies are related to transgressive stages. Prograding beaches, shoals, factory facies and fan-bedded layers developed during the highstands. Net skeletal production occurred mainly during the highstands. Sediment-accretion values of these sediments are similar to those of present and ancient shallow-marine, temperate carbonates considering that the whole bedded unit was deposited in a 100 000-year interval (equivalent to the short eccentricity cycle). The five cycles inside the bedded unit would therefore correspond to the c. 20 000-year precession cycles of the Milankovitch band.     

四川盆地北部长兴组—飞仙关组礁、滩分布及其控制因素

本文对四川盆地北部长兴组礁和飞仙关组滩特征和分布及其控制因素作了较为深入的探讨,研究认为生物礁为海平面上升过程中形成的海侵礁,其在纵向上的分布主要位于长兴期中晚期;鲕粒滩主要是在区域海平面下降过程中形成的海退滩,其在纵向上位于飞一—飞三。礁、滩在平面上主要在广元—梁平海槽两侧呈带状分布。长兴期随着海平面的上升生物礁向海侵的方向迁移,并且其层位逐渐抬升。飞仙关期随着海平面的下降,滩向海槽中迁移,其分布层位也有逐渐抬高的趋势。控制这套地层礁、滩发育的主要因素有海平面升降、大地构造、同生断裂及古气候。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系鹰山组台内滩的特征与分布

塔里木盆地早奥陶世晚期进入伸展转向挤压的区域构造背景,造成台缘带挠曲下沉与台内地貌起伏,有利中下奥陶统鹰山组台内滩的发育。钻井资料表明鹰山组台内滩以中高能砂屑滩为主,台内滩主要分布在鹰山组上部,纵向上多旋回叠置,横向呈透镜状尖灭。通过井—震标定,鹰山组台内滩在地震响应上多具有平缓顶底面的丘状外部形态,内部多出现高频杂乱...     

分异流体河口作用

鄂尔多斯盆地QW地区湖泊三角洲沉积特征与常规三角洲有所不同。水下分流河道砂体发育,在分流河道和水下分流河道的末端分别沉积有不同的河口砂坝复合体,它们共同构成三角洲前缘骨架。本文在对三角洲河口作用的研究作简要回顾的基础上,对比其它研究实例,对该区三角洲的形成机理进行了探讨,提出了分异流体河口作用的概念,并对其沉积体特征进行了分析。分异流体的主要特征是入注流体纵向上的载荷和速度差异分布,气候和沉积物供给是其主要影响因素。水下分流河道砂体发育和同期不同空间位置存在不同的河口砂坝是分异流体河口作用的重要沉积响应之一。     

四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组滩相白云岩多重成因机理及叠加效应

本文以四川盆地二叠系栖霞组滩相白云岩为研究对象,充分利用野外剖面资料、钻井资料、测试分析资料,对栖霞组滩相白云岩成因机理及其叠加效应进行了深入研究。结果表明,四川盆地栖霞组白云岩的规模变化较大,从不到1米至几十米不等,区域上主要分布于盆地西部,盆内其它地区零星发育。白云岩的发育与沉积背景关系密切,其中分布于盆地西部的白云岩为台地边缘滩相沉积背景,而盆地内零星分布主要为台内滩沉积背景。栖霞组白云岩成因包括三种类型:(1)高能滩混合水白云岩化形成的白云岩;(2)埋藏白云岩化形成的白云岩;(3)热液白云岩化形成的白云岩。其中,高能滩混合水白云岩化形和热液白云岩化为主要的白云岩化作用。现今无论是在野外剖面还是钻井岩心中所看到的白云岩为多种白云岩化作用的叠加结果,叠加效应体现在白云石晶体形态上、碳氧同位素和包裹体温度上。在白云岩形成过程中,滩相沉积是白云岩化的基础;不同类型的白云岩化作用是关键;裂缝的发育为白云岩化创造了条件。     

The origin of sand deposits in the South Minusa basin

The paper deals with the origin of a large number of sand massifs concentrated in the South Minusa basin. The study of the sand deposits was based on field and laboratory work. Cross sections were selected in such a way as to penetrate the deposits of ridgy sands and the underlying surface at different hypsometric levels. Cross-section studies have demonstrated that the sands formed both under subaerial and subaqueous conditions. Analysis of the work of our predecessors has shown that the formation of a thick unit of subaqueous sand deposits, including those at high hypsometric levels, might be related to the removal of large amounts of sediments by catastrophic flooding along the Yenisei River caused by the failure of an ice dam in the Darhad basin at ~ 17 ka. The overlying sand deposits, which now occur as sand bars, are of eolian genesis. These bars formed in the Late Holocene owing to eolian transport and redeposition of the underlying sand members.     

惠民凹陷与东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征对比与分析

基于对惠民凹陷和东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝相的解剖研究成果,提出了适合这2个地区滩坝沉积体研究的分类方案。通过对勘探研究程度较低的惠民凹陷和勘探研究程度较高的东营凹陷滩坝沉积特征的对比分析,明确了惠民和东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝的沉积特征和展布模式受可容纳空间、湖平面升降与古岸线变迁、沉积水动力转换带、物源、古地貌及地层坡度等因素的控制。其中,起主要作用的是构造运动对凹陷形成所造成的沉积地形上的差异性、物质供给来源以及沉积水动力对滩坝砂体空间分布的控制。滩坝相的2种空间分布模式:东营凹陷单断单超水下低隆型滩坝分布模式和惠民凹陷中央隆起型滩坝分布模式。     

陕甘宁盆地西峰油田主要产层储油砂体沉积微相组合及特征

以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区晚三叠世延长组为例,对辫状河三角洲前缘沉积体系中以水下分流河道和河口坝两种储油微相为主导的多种微相组合进行研究,提出将其划分为“水下分流河道区”、“水下分流河道与河口坝混合区”、“河口坝区”和“河口坝与滑塌体混合区”四段微相组合区。文中对辫状河三角洲前缘中的沉积微相进行了详细刻画,例如,将水下分流河道划分为箱形叠加式、箱-钟形叠加式和钟形叠加式3种;将水下分流河道与河口坝组合划分为“河上坝”和“坝上河”两大类,及其以河为主的“坝上河”、以坝为主的“坝上河”、连续式“河上坝”和叠加式“河上坝”等4种亚类;将河口坝组合划分为迁移河口坝和叠加河口坝;将河口坝与滑塌体组合划分为坝顶滑塌和坝底滑塌,并讨论了各微相组合的形成机制。