新疆巴里坤县老爷庙、额仁山一带晚古生代火山岩

老爷庙-额仁山一带发育3套性质不同的火山岩，通过对其岩石组合、岩相、古火山机构特征的详细观察及岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学的研究，晚泥盆世老爷庙组火山岩为玄武岩-安山岩组合，发育盾状和层状火山，属海相环境，为板块消减带岛弧型高铝玄武岩；晚石炭世-早二叠世哈尔加乌组火山岩为陆相火山岩，岩石组合为安山岩．英安岩-流纹岩，以爆发相为主，常形成破火山及锥状火山机构，为陆-陆碰撞造山期火山岩；早二叠世中晚期卡拉岗组火山岩为一套以酸性为主的陆相火山岩，喷溢相发育，常形成穹状古火山机构，岩石组合为英安岩-流纹岩，为造山期弛张期火山岩，3套火山岩为板块不同阶段的火山岩，从老爷庙组火山岩→哈尔加乌组火山岩→拉岗组火山岩，岩石向酸性演化，地壳成熟度愈来愈高，南混合壳转化为陆壳．     

A preliminary review of the stratigraphic relationships and distribution of metamorphism in the northern part of the Natal-Namaquarides,South Africa

Highly deformed regionally metamorphosed rocks of the Natal-Namaqua belt north of Durban preserve the features of a major Precambrian geosynclinal sequence, with possible reactivated oceanic and continental floor material. The broad scale grouping of similar lithologies into mappable geologic units is possible. Formation status is assigned to certain units, classified in the Natal group. Variation of lithologic character of these rocks within the belt is correlated with facies of orogenic deposition. Three zones of regional progressive metamorphism are recognised, and the metamorphosed rocks of the belt can be divided into a high-pressure intermediate, intermediate-pressure and intermediate-low pressure facies series types corresponding to the upper-greenschist facies, low-amphibolite facies and middle-amphibolite facies respectively. These three metamorphic terrains display considerable differences in composition and structural style, and correspond to the major tectonic units of the belt. Evidence gained from a study of the distribution of regional metamorphism in the Natal-Namaquarides north of Durban, has reinforced the favourability of applying the theory of plate tectonics to the development of the orogen in an attempt to obtain a broader understanding of the geologic history of the belt. Furthermore, the complex suite of metamorphites and associated intrusive phases constituting the belt involves the deformation and metamorphism of lithological types similar to those described in orogenic belts in other parts of the world.     

块状硫化物矿床与火山岩岩相的关系

块状硫化物矿床(黄铁矿型矿床、黑矿型矿床)与玄武岩-流纹岩建造的相互关系是由矿石与围岩形成的近似性所决定的,更确切地说,是矿石有规律地产在火山岩一定的岩相中。近年来,火山岩系的岩相分析已成为火山岩地区区域地质调查、块状硫化物矿床普查勘探工作中最重要的方法之一。这是因为,一方面岩相分析和古火山恢复方法,可以对火山体、火山岩系的喷发沉积旋回,以及火山岩的层序进行详细的研究,从而较为客观地总结出     

贵州玉屏彰寨奥陶纪红花园期障积岩隆礁

该障积岩隆礁的造礁生物主要为海绵和藻,岩石类型有海绵灰岩、藻席岩、核形石凝决石灰岩、生物屑灰岩等。本文系统介绍其造礁生物的生态特征、岩石组合并分析其沉积相和礁的生长发育阶段,最后运用马尔柯夫概型分析研究期旋回沉积发育较好的礁核相地层的学积特征。     

吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油储层沉积相分析

利用岩芯、薄片、录井和测井等资料,在识别各级次基面旋回界面类型及特征的基础上,将准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组划分为1个长期旋回,6个中期旋回,44个短期旋回,建立高分辨率层序地层对比格架。在总结地球化学、岩性、沉积构造、电性特征的基础上,综合分析古生物化石、测井等资料,以识别沉积相标志为主,进行单井、连井及平面沉积相分析。研究结果认为,吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组为咸化湖泊-三角洲沉积体系,岩性复杂多变,在机械、化学、生物等沉积作用共同影响下,形成由细粒碎屑岩、泥岩、碳酸盐岩构成的混积岩层。芦草沟组发育上、下两个致密油甜点体,上甜点体（SSC37-SSC42）为咸化湖相沉积,微相类型以滩坝为主;下甜点体（SSC6-SSC17）以三角洲前缘沉积为主,微相类型为席状砂、远砂坝等。利用开发试验区及水平井部署区的井多、井密的有利条件,对沉积相边界进行控制,从而实现平面微相的精细刻画,研究表明芦草沟组优质甜点以滩坝主体微相为主,主要集中发育在凹陷中心低隆起处。     

贵州威宁玉龙铌矿化体的发现及其意义

通过对贵州威宁玉龙铌矿化体的成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征的叙述及对矿化成因进行探讨,提出了区域上铌矿找矿方向:区域上陆相沉积的二叠系上统宣威组(P3x)在特定的地质、地球化学环境下可能局部富集形成可供开发的铌矿体;与二叠系上统宣威组(P3x)具有相同物源的陆源碎屑沉积二叠系上统龙潭组(P3l)含煤岩系,在特定的地质、地球化学障背景下铌是否富集成矿值得进一步研究。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组溶斑形成机理

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系马家沟组属蒸发边缘海相地层,其风化壳是中部气田的主要产气层段。该层中广泛发育毫米级、厘米级的溶斑,这些溶斑的产状、大小、成分以及溶孔内的充填物十分复杂,有的具多期充填,充填物为石膏、石英、方解石、白云石、高岭石、黄铁矿等多种矿物。溶斑中下半部残留的岩石经溶蚀后的白云石晶粒形成的渗流砂示底构造十分明显。研究表明,溶斑的形成不仅具有适宜的岩相古地理环境和其复杂的生成演化史,而且与原始沉积以及不同地史阶段的岩溶作用相关。     

Research on Diageneses of Cambrian Shoal Facies Carbonate Rocks in the Xiadong Area, Hubei Province

With continuous outcrops, developed shoal fades rocks, complete types of diagenesis and changeable diagenetic environments, Cambrian strata are well developed in the Xiadong area, Yichang, Hubei Province. Under the combined influence of numerous diageneses, secondary pores can be formed, which result in better reservoir properties of the rock strata.The Cambrian rocks in this area consist of mainly carbonate rocks and secondarily detrital rocks. The carbonate rocks are dominated by grainstones including wormkalk, calcirudite-calcarenite, oolitic limestone and oncolitic limestone. Graded bedding and cross bedding are well developed in the strata, which indicates that the formation environment is of a high-energy shoal facies.In this area, there has developed a sequence of stable Cambrian platform carbonate deposition. The evolution trend is as follows: open sea shelf facies→intertidal low-energy restricted sea facies→Hntertidal high-energy shoal facies→coastal shoal facies→evaporite tidal-flat facies     

Genetic Types of Meter-Scale Cyclic Sequences and Fabric Natures of Facies Succession

Ｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｉｃｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓ,ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｅｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｂｙＡｎｄｅｒｓｏｎａｎｄＧｏｏｄｗｉｎ (1990 ) ,ｒｅｆｅｒｔｏｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎ ｔａｌｕｎｉｔｓｏｆｓｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｉｓｃｅｒｎｅｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｉｎｏｕｔｃｒｏｐ .Ａｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｕｎｉｔｓｉｎｓｔｒａｔｉ ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｒｅｃｏｒｄｓ,ｍｅｔｅｒ ｓｃａｌｅｃｙｃｌｉｃｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｒ…     

湖南东波-平和地区中上泥盆统岩石学特征及沉积相分析

通过对湘南东波-平和地区中上泥盆统岩石学特征的详细研究,划分出了滨海相带、局限台地相带和半局限台地相带等三个沉积相带以及滨海陆屑滩相、浑水潮间泥坪相、清水潮间泥坪相、潮间混乱合坪相、潮沟相、潮汐滩相、潮下浅水相等七个相型。根据对沉积环境的古构造背景,各相型基本特征的分析及时空分布规律,建立起了该区的沉积相模式。     

柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世下干柴沟组上段盐湖沉积特征

利用大量地质及地球化学资料,开展了柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世下干柴沟组上段盐湖沉积特征研究,重点识别岩石类型,恢复古沉积环境,建立沉积模式,探讨控制因素。研究认为：盐湖环境主要发育两大类、五小类沉积相组合,盐湖边缘沉积相包括滨岸斜坡带相组合、缓坡带相组合、陡坡带相组合,盆内沉积相包括水下隆起带相组合和盐湖深水区相组合;盐湖可划分早、中、晚3个沉积演化阶段,分别对应半咸水湖泊、咸水湖泊和盐湖;形成碳酸盐岩与钙质砂岩、富含石膏的碳酸盐岩与泥岩、厚层石盐与薄层碳酸盐岩等主要岩石组合;盐湖沉积主控因素为气候、古地貌与构造运动。     

西秦岭中志留统“硅、灰、泥岩”型层控铀矿的沉积特征及控矿条件

本文详细研究了西秦岭南带中志留统“硅、灰、泥岩”型层控铀矿含矿岩系的沉积相类型及特征,查明了本区中志留世各期的岩相古地理特征。着重讨论了铀矿田内控矿的地质条件。     

冀东迁安英云闪长质杂岩体的成因与演化

迁安地区英云闪长质杂岩是部分熔融产生的岩浆沿迁西群与单塔子群两个变质地体之间的接触部位上侵形成的,经历了结晶分异作用演化,构造应力场对杂岩体有着重要影响,岩石学,地球化学等方面的特征反映着杂岩体的形成是该区太古代末期地壳活动中的重要地质事件之一.     

Evidence of glaucophane-schist facies metamorphism in the East Karkonosze complex,West Sudetes,Poland

In the East Karkonosze complex (Karkonosze = Riesengebirge), which occurs at the northern margin of the Bohemian massif, rocks of the glaucophane-schist facies and transitions between the glaucophane-schist facies, greenschist facies and epidote-amphibolite facies are present. They belong to the Leszczyniec Volcanic Formation (LVF) of Cambrian/Ordovician age and to the mainly metasedimentary Czarnów Schist Formation (CSF) of Ordovician/Silurian age. Similar high-pressure, low-temperature rocks occur in the southern Karkonosze and in the Kaczawa Mountains within metavolcanic formations of approximately the same age. Petrographic and electron probe studies show complex relationships between minerals including chemical zoning. In the East Karkonosze three stages of metamorphism pre-dating contact metamorphism by late Variscan (lowermost Upper Carboniferous) granite intrusion were distinguished [stage 1: ocean floor, amphibolite facies (observed only in part of the LVF); stage 2: high-pressure, low-temperature, variably glaucophane-schist facies, high-pressure greenschist facies and epidote-amphibolite facies; stage 3: medium-pressure greenschist facies accompanied by strong deformations]. Glaucophane-schist facies rocks formed in stage 2 survived the later stages of metamorphism only in the southern part of East Karkonosze, i. e. in Lasocki Range and Rýchory. Using the Maruyama et al. (1986) geobarometer the glaucophane-bearing rocks formed at 6.5–7 Kb, those with crossite at 5–6 Kb and rocks with magnesioriebeckite/riebeckite at 4–5 Kb. Other estimates for glaucophane-bearing rocks give somewhat higher values of pressure, i. e. 7–12 Kb at temperatures between 300 and 530°C. The highest temperatures are recorded in the glaucophane- and garnet-bearing rocks. Stilpnomelane may occur in all of these rocks. The subduction/obduction episode responsible for this high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphism is considered to have taken place in the early Variscan, although no geochronology is yet available to confirm this.     

宇宙尘似文象结构的图像分析和成因探讨

宇宙尘较广泛地分布于各地质时代和各种岩石中,它形成在不同的物理化学环境下,因此具有比较复杂的结构构造。本文对产于不同时代、不同岩性岩石中具有似文象结构的宇宙尘进行了广泛的研究,一方面研究Si、Al等元素的赋存状态,另一方面研究这些元素与似文象结构的关系,进一步为它们的成因提供信息。     

黑龙江五道岭组地层时代划分及其与钼矿的关系

五道岭组是黑龙江重要的与成矿关系密切的陆相火山岩地层,长期以来对它的地质时代存在不同认识.本文依据近几年新取得的同位素测年数据,结合与五道岭组紧密伴生的花岗岩类的时代研究,以及对五道岭组火山岩类与伴生花岗岩类的地球化学特征对比研究,提出五道岭组地层时代属于晚三叠世—早侏罗世的新认识.论述了五道岭组火山岩类、晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩类和与前二者关系密切的钼矿是在大体相同的地质时代依次相继形成.较早的陆相火山喷发形成五道岭组火山岩地层,随后发生多阶段的花岗岩类侵入,而钼矿在同源岩浆演化到更晚阶段形成.五道岭组火山岩类和晚三叠世一早侏罗世花岗岩类具有相同的岩浆起源,它们分别是同源岩浆在不同演化阶段和不同深度的产物,因而在时空关系、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土配分和同位素组成等方面表现了明显的一致性.五道岭组地层与钼矿及花岗岩类的密切时空关系和成因联系可用于评价钼矿成矿远景区.     

苏北下第三系阜宁群碳酸盐岩的基本特征

苏北下第三系阜宁群中的碳酸盐岩,据现有露头剖面和钻井揭露,主要分布于盆缘阜二、阜四段内(表1)。其中阜二段的碳酸盐岩层发育较好,由下而上大体可分三个亚段:下部主要由虫管-藻灰(云)岩、各种粒屑灰(云)岩、砂灰(云)岩夹粉砂岩组成;中部亦称“七尖峰”亚段,主要由薄层状、纸片状泥灰岩、泥晶灰岩组成;上部为灰、深灰色泥岩夹白云质泥晶灰岩组成。关于碳酸盐岩的基本特征,现依次讨论如下。     

The evaporitic celestite-barite deposits of Neuquen,Argentina

Celestite-barite occurrences of early Cretaceous age were studied in the Extra-Andean region of Neuquén, West central Argentina. The ores are located in a Subandean Mesozoic belt and show a conspicuous stratabound character related to evaporitic facies. The study of the geologic evolution of the sedimentary sequence allows prediction of the temporal and spatial setting of the evaporitic facies. Stratigraphy is the main geologic control for the celestite-barite ores and their areal distribution depends on the structure of the region. Based on the geometry and texture of the mineralization three types of ores have been recognized: 1) celestite beds syngenetic with the evaporitic facies; 2) epigenetic stratabound ores formed by "in situ" mobilization of celestite with stalactite growth and cavity infilling; 3) epigenetic vein-type ores formed by mobilized barium enriched solutions.Lithofacies and isotopic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analyses together with the geological evidence confirm an evaporitic origin for the celestite beds.     

内蒙古大青山高级变质岩韧性剪切带及其流变机制

大青山高级变质岩不仅记录华北克拉通早期大陆形成演化历史,也保留了中下部地壳岩石流变信息,它们经历了下部地壳构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件变质变形、深熔作用改造,形成了复杂构造样式和构造要素组合.韧性剪切带是高级变质岩中主要构造形迹,控制着早前寒武纪高级变质岩主体构造格架.依据野外地质产状、变形特征与构造要素叠加改造关系,韧性剪切带划分为早期近水平顺层伸展型和晚期陡倾韧性剪切带.近水平顺层伸展韧性剪切带呈残留状保留在后期变形改造较弱部位上,主要沿着不同地质单元或者岩性层界面上发育,是在伸展变形体制下形成的.晚期陡倾韧性剪切带呈近东西方向展布,规模较大,叠加和改造早期构造形迹,形成于晚期造山挤压构造环境中,以左行滑移为主.这两种韧性剪切带都形成于地壳中深部构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件下,变形机制主要为熔体增强颗粒边界扩散和颗粒流动,使岩石发生大规模的塑性流动.在宏观上形成了不对称流动组构、条纹条带构造、熔融线理、层内流动褶皱等构造形迹,在微观上矿物晶体没有发生明显塑性变形,均匀消光,晶体为三边平衡结构,与静态变质结构相似,形成了地壳深部构造层次上变质构造岩-构造片麻岩.      

Carbonate platform growth and cyclicity at a terminal Proterozoic passive margin, Infra Krol Formation and Krol Group, Lesser Himalaya, India

Abstract The Infra Krol Formation and overlying Krol Group constitute a thick (< 2 km), carbonate-rich succession of terminal Proterozoic age that crops out in a series of doubly plunging synclines in the Lesser Himalaya of northern India. The rocks include 18 carbonate and siliciclastic facies, which are grouped into eight facies associations: (1) deep subtidal; (2) shallow subtidal; (3) sand shoal; (4) peritidal carbonate complex; (5) lagoonal; (6) peritidal siliciclastic–carbonate; (7) incised valley fill; and (8) karstic fill. The stromatolite-rich, peritidal complex appears to have occupied a location seaward of a broad lagoon, an arrangement reminiscent of many Phanerozoic and Proterozoic platforms. Growth of this complex was accretionary to progradational, in response to changes in siliciclastic influx from the south-eastern side of the lagoon. Metre-scale cycles tend to be laterally discontinuous, and are interpreted as mainly autogenic. Variations in the number of both sets of cycles and component metre-scale cycles across the platform may result from differential subsidence of the interpreted passive margin. Apparently non-cyclic intervals with shallow-water features may indicate facies migration that was limited compared with the dimensions of facies belts. Correlation of these facies associations in a sequence stratigraphic framework suggests that the Infra Krol Formation and Krol Group represent a north- to north-west-facing platform with a morphology that evolved from a siliciclastic ramp, to carbonate ramp, to peritidal rimmed shelf and, finally, to open shelf. This interpretation differs significantly from the published scheme of a basin centred on the Lesser Himalaya, with virtually the entire Infra Krol–Krol succession representing sedimentation in a persistent tidal-flat environment. This study provides a detailed Neoproterozoic depositional history of northern India from rift basin to passive margin, and predicts that genetically related Neoproterozoic deposits, if they are present in the High Himalaya, are composed mainly of slope/basinal facies characterized by fine-grained siliciclastic and detrital carbonate rocks, lithologically different from those of the Lesser Himalaya.