赣中变质岩带的Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素年代研究

赣中变质岩带主要由斜长(云母)变粒岩、十字石榴云母片岩、云母石英片岩夹斜长角闪岩组成。斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为1113±19Ma,相当于该变质岩带的原岩形成年龄。ε_(Nd)(t)值为2.4±0.1,说明岩浆起源于亏损程度较低的地幔源区:726.6±1.1Ma、403.1±6.4Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄表明赣中地区在新元古代末期、加里东期经历了一次强烈的构造变质热作用,其地质、地球化学特征及时代可与浙闽地区陈蔡群、建瓯群进行对比。因此赣中变质岩带并非长期公认的华南加里东褶皱带,应是华夏地块的一部分,这一事实对华南大地构造单元的划分及构造演化具有重要意义。     

赣中存在中元古代变质基底的岩石地球化学证据及其地质意义

对江西乐安相山地区产出在石榴黑云母片岩内、原岩为拉班玄武质火山岩的斜长角闪岩进行了Sm-Nd同位素组成测定，获得Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为1113±49 Ma，结合弋阳梅树湾斜长角闪岩及余江马荃斜长角闪岩的同位素定年结果(1159±69 Ma，Sm-Nd; 1190±19Ma, U-Pb) 确认赣中变质岩带原岩属中元古代地层。采用微量元素地球化学比值模糊聚类分析方法对浙西陈蔡群、震旦系及赣中变质岩和震旦系地层进行对比，结合斜长角闪岩Pb-Nd同位素地球化学特征研究，确认赣中变质岩系与陈蔡群相当，从而为赣中变质岩归属于华夏地块变质基底提供了重要佐证。根据崇仁-临川-东乡晚白垩纪断陷红盆两侧深部地球物理重力场、磁场及地层和岩浆岩分布特征的对比，推断遂川深断裂为华夏地块在江西省境内的西北段边界。     

中国东部东海地区超高压变质岩构造变形事件的^40Ar／^39Ar定年与超高压变质岩折返过程的重建

近年的研究表明,中国东部东海地区的超高压变质岩在折返过程中,经历了两期构造变形。早期的韧性变形发生在角闪岩相变质作用条件下,晚期的脆韧性变形发生在绿片岩相变质作用条件下。两期构造变形的运动矢量都表现为上盘向南东的运动。对被超高压变质岩构造掩覆的海州磷矿角闪岩相白云斜长片岩中白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,获得的218.0±2.9 Ma的坪年龄和219.8 Ma的等时线年龄,表明早期的角闪岩相变质变形事件发生在约220 Ma。对在第二期构造变形滑脱面上定向生长的角闪石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,获得了坪年龄为213.1±0.3 Ma,等时线年龄为213.4±4.1Ma,表明了晚期变形事件的可能时代;对在滑脱面附近生长的伟晶黑云母和伟晶钾长石的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,获得了黑云母的坪年龄为203.4±0.3 Ma和203.6±0.4 Ma,等时线年龄为204.0±2.0 Ma和200.6±3.1Ma;伟晶钾长石的坪年龄为204.8±2.2 Ma,等时线年龄为204.0±5.0 Ma,表明该区这些岩石直到侏罗纪初才冷却到黑云母和钾长石的K-Ar同位素体系的封闭温度。结合前人关于该区超高压变质作用发生在240Ma的年代学资料,推测该区超高压变质岩在240 Ma到220 Ma期间以3～4 km/Ma的折返速率从地幔(地表以下约80～100 km深处)折返到地壳中下部(约20～30 km深处),220 Ma到213     

金沙江缝合带元古宙残留基底的发现——来自同位素地质年龄的证据

应用颗粒锆石U－Pb法和Rb-Sr全岩等时线法重新研究了金沙江东同办洼龙地区原统归于早二叠世额阿钦群中的一套高级变质岩系的原岩时代和变质时代。其中含蓝晶石二云母片岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为（432±35）Ma;而斜长角闪岩U－Pb锆石的上交点年龄为（1627±192）Ma,暗示这套变质岩系的原岩时代应大于（1627±192）Ma。（432±35）Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄可能代表其变质时代,首次提出金沙江地区应存在早中元古代残留变质其底或策陆块,层位上可与劳山杂岩对比,金沙江缝合带和牢山缝合带是相关联的同一条缝合带。     

大别山含柯石英榴辉岩区—一个晚太古代的超高压变质带

安徽碧溪岭岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄为2774±24Ma。它显示大别山的含柯石英榴辉岩可能形成于晚太古代。榴辉岩多硅白云母的Ar-Ar等时线年龄(662±13Ma)也同样限定其退变质作用的上界年龄在寒武纪。同位素年代学结果与该类榴辉岩严格产出在由大别群组成的太古宙地块中的地质特征一致。我们相信,大别山含柯石英榴辉岩变质地区可能是一个晚太古代的超高压变质带。大别山地区在中生代三叠纪时期处于南秦岭构造带的东延部分。大别群以及赋存其中的含柯石英榴辉岩共同遭受晚期的区域动力变质事件。作者分别测得斜长片麻岩白云母Ar-Ar等时线年龄为192.6±3.8Ma,榴辉岩中低角闪岩相普通角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄230.7±4.6Ma。它们代表大别群片麻岩和榴辉岩两种原始变质岩的印支期改造年龄。     

内蒙古西北部宝音图群Sm—Nd和Rb—Sr地质年代学研究

内蒙古西北部的宝音图群由角闪岩相的变质地层组成。该群中斜长角闪片岩的Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为2485±128Ma,可代表宝音图群的形成年龄。等时线的ε_(Nd)(t)值为2.73±2.81,说明岩浆来源于亏损的地幔源区。相同样品的Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄为623±36Ma,显然反映后期Rb-Sr体系重新均一化的强烈影响,因此该年龄被解释为变质年龄。上述结果表明宝音图群形成于古元古代早期,应属华北板块北缘已知的最古老岩石地层单位,并保留了新元古代末期构造—变质事件的记录。这些认识有助于查明华北板块北缘元古宙构造演化的历史。     

阿尔金山巴什考供地区斜长角闪岩的岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd,Ar同位素特征

阿尔金山地区巴什考供以北、阿尔金山北缘断裂以南为一套变质程度达角闪岩相的片岩、大理岩夹少量斜长角闪岩。地球化学研究表明 ,这些斜长角闪岩原岩为玄武质成分 ,具有拉班玄武岩的特点。斜长角闪岩全岩Sm -Nd同位素等时线年龄为 1185± 130 (2σ)Ma ,其INd=0 .5 114 0 ,εNd(t) =+5 .8± 0 .6 ,表明原岩形成于中元古代晚期 ,源自亏损地幔。斜长角闪岩中角闪石4 0 Ar - 39Ar同位素分析显示变质作用发生在 6 12± 5 .8Ma之前 ,进一步表明其原岩应该形成于前寒武纪。这些年龄的确定 ,为探讨阿尔金山地区中晚元古代的古构造格局提供了重要的证据     

赣中变质岩带的组成及构造变质变形特征

赣中变质岩带不是简单的一套震旦纪地层 ,而是由结晶基底中元古界中深变质岩系 (斜长角闪岩的Sm Nd全岩等时线年龄为 1113± 4 9Ma)和褶皱基底变质较浅的震旦系组成。两者之间以具热流体参与的混合岩化、韧性剪切带和递进变质三位一体组成的动热变质带接触。结晶基底经历了4期构造变质变形的叠加改造 ,每期构造变形都在变质岩石构造单元内留下各种变形形迹 ,变质作用表现为时间上的递进和空间上的叠加演化系列 ,是一套以众多的不平衡结构和多相共生混存的矿物组合 ,热变质带为一套动热变质塑性变形带 ,空间上依次形成绢云母—绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带以及夕线石带     

浙江龙泉八都群斜长角闪岩的Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr年龄测定及其意义

对浙江省龙泉县八都群斜长角闪岩的同位素测定表明，其Sm-Nd内部等时线年龄为521.6±39.8Ma，全岩Rb-Sr法年龄为515．6±18．4Ma。两个年龄值完全一致反映了一次重要变质事件的年龄。它们表明加里东构造运动的早期对浙江龙泉地区产生了重要影响。     

河南洛宁太华岩群斜长角闪岩的锆石^207Pb／^206Pb和角闪石^40Ar／^39Ar年龄

运用单颗粒锆石逐层蒸发法和角闪石40Ar/39Ar阶段加热法研究了河南洛宁太华岩群斜长角闪岩的同位素年龄.获得锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄为2675±2 Ma,角闪石40Ar/39Ar坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为2372.98±47.46 Ma和2349.10±46.98 Ma.锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄代表了斜长角闪岩原岩的形成时代,而角闪石40Ar/39Ar年龄则为其变质时代,与Sm-Nd等时线年龄(2351±103Ma)相一致.上述年龄数据表明河南洛宁地区太华岩群形成于新太古代,在古元古代遭受过一次角闪岩相变质作用.     

Stable isotopic and trace element evidence for restricted fluid migration in 2 GPa eclogites

Mineral stable isotopic and trace element studies in 2 GPa banded eclogites of the Tauern Window, eastern Alps, record mm- to cm-scale heterogeneities that reflect compositional variations in the accompanying metamorphic fluids. A close correlation between dolomite mode and dolomite δ¹⁸O is consistent with equilibrium partitioning among coexisting minerals and fluids. Small variations in dolomite δ¹³C values correspond with δ¹⁸O variations, but an overall decrease in dolomite δ¹³C by c. 1%o across a 12-cm sample is a relict feature that pre-dates eclogite equilibration. Garnet, omphacite, and clinozoisite rims show little systematic mineral-mineral partitioning behaviour for Ti, V, Cr, Y, Sr, or Zr; major elements, however, are well equilibrated among these same minerals. Despite the apparent lack of mineral-mineral trace element equilibration, most of the trace elements vary systematically with water activity calculated in each layer. Trace element behaviour during the eclogite metamorphism thus appears to have been controlled largely by mineral-fluid interactions along grain boundaries. Shallow structural levels in other subduction complexes (c. 10-45 km) typically exhibit fracture-controlled permeability and extensive metasomatism, but there is no field or geochemical evidence for extensive fluid advection during high-pressure metamorphism in the Tauern eclogites. Because most dewatering and devolatilization during tectonic burial occurs prior to eclogite conditions, the volumetric fluid/rock ratio in eclogites should generally be low. Low fluid/rock ratios, coupled with the possible non-wetting nature of the fluids, permits the production and preservation of fine-scale chemical heterogeneities in deeply subducted eclogites and associated fluids. However, the eventual breakdown at greater depth of volatile-bearing dolomite, phengite, clinozoisite, zoisite, or amphibole could lead to renewed fracture-controlled fluid release from the subducted rocks to regions appropriate for arc magma generation.     

苏鲁造山带中胡家林超镁铁质岩岩石地球化学特征

苏鲁造山带中胡家林超镁铁质岩地块主要由两部分组成:南部滑石山以蛇纹岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩为主,夹薄层状石榴橄辉岩-(石榴)单斜辉石岩;北部胡家林主要由(石榴)单斜辉石岩组成,夹厚层状蛇纹岩。蛇纹岩-蛇纹石化橄榄岩低Al2O3、低Ca O和高Mg O,REE含量低,但LREE稍富集。石榴橄辉岩和(石榴)单斜辉石岩低Mg O和Ca O,高REE含量高,其稀土配分曲线均表现出单斜辉石单矿物的配分特征。这些超镁铁岩块中不同岩石的微量元素均具有Pb的正异常,弱的Nb、Ta的负异常,显示地壳流体交代信息。Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征显示存在亏损地幔与地壳之间的混合作用。亲石元素含量最低的蛇纹石化石榴橄辉岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成受交代流体控制明显,而石榴橄辉岩和(石榴)单斜辉石岩不明显。胡家林和滑石山超镁铁岩中所含的交代地壳成分不同,胡家林样品受到含水熔体和富水流体的双重交代,滑石山样品主要受富水流体的交代。     

Determining the direction of contact metamorphic fluid flow: an assessment of mineralogical and stable isotope criteria

ABSTRACT One-dimensional fluid advection-dispersion models predict differences in the patterns of mineralogical and oxygen isotope resetting during up- and down-temperature metamorphic fluid flow that may, in theory, be used to determine the fluid flow direction with respect to the palaeotemperature gradient. Under equilibrium conditions, down-temperature fluid flow is predicted to produce sharp reaction fronts that separate rocks with isobarically divariant mineral assemblages. In contrast, up-temperature fluid flow may produce extensive zones of isobarically univariant mineral assemblages without sharp reaction fronts. However, during contact metamorphism, mineral reaction rates are probably relatively slow compared with fluid velocities and distended reaction fronts may also form during down-temperature fluid flow. In addition, uncertainties in the timing of fluid flow with respect to the thermal peak of metamorphism and the increase in the variance of mineral assemblages due to solid solutions introduce uncertainties in determining fluid flow directions. Equilibrium down-temperature flow of magmatic fluids in contact aureoles is also predicted to produce sharp δ¹⁸O fronts, whereas up-temperature flow of fluids derived by metamorphic devolatilization may produce gradational δ¹⁸O vs. distance profiles. However, if fluids are channelled, significant kinematic dispersion occurs, or isotopic equilibrium is not maintained, the patterns of isotopic resetting may be difficult to interpret. The one-dimensional models provide a framework in which to study fluid-rock interaction; however, when some of the complexities inherent in fluid flow systems are taken into account, they may not uniquely distinguish between up- and down-temperature fluid flow. It is probably not possible to determine the fluid flow direction using any single criterion and a range of data is required.     

大别山榴辉岩氢氧同位素组成及其地球动力学意义

碧溪岭榴辉岩石至少经历了５个阶段的变质作用，矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果与通过岩石学方法计算的温度吻合得非常好，表明碧溪岭榴辉岩体中大部分同位素体系接近或达到平衡，且退变质作用未明显破坏这种平衡，榴辉岩全岩δ＾１８Ｏ为３‰～５‰指示其母岩玄武岩曾与地表水在变质作用之前发生过一定程度的交换作用。     

海南岛古元宙变质基底性质和地壳增生的Nd、Pb同位素制约

基于海南地壳各类型岩石的63个样品Nd和Pb同位素分析数据,研究了海南地块元古宙地壳变质基底的时代、特征和演化。研究结果表明,海南岛元古宙变质基底成熟度低,基底变质岩系的母岩物质来源于长期亏损的地幔源区,主要形成时代为古元古宙晚期－新元古宙;不同时代花岗岩具有较高的εNd(t)值和较低的Nd模式年龄,主要形成于幔源物质参与下的或含地幔成分较多的初生地壳再循环。地壳增生具幕式增生的特点,并在2．0Ga、1.7Ga、1.2Ga出现高峰;Pb同位素组成既不同于扬子地块又不同于华夏地块,介于两地块之间,和Nd同位素特征具有一致或耦合关系。结合海南岛地质特征,初步认为不能单纯地将海南岛基底理解为华南地块统一南延部分或是华夏古陆的部分,可能为不同的构造块体。     

苏鲁—大别榴辉岩研究:形成于不同地质时期的高压-超高压变质带

含柯石英的苏鲁-大别榴辉岩是高压-超高压变质带的产物.依据榴辉岩的总体展布方向、岩石特征、高压-超高压变质作用及退变质作用的温压条件,可划分为NEE向胶东高压-超高压变质带、NNE向郯庐高压-超高压变质带和SEE向大别高压-超高压变质带.榴辉岩的同位素年龄值指示这3个带是主压应力方向不同、形成时期不同、发展和终止时期也各不相同的3个高压-超高压变质带.NEE向胶东高压-超高压变质带主要形成于700～900 Ma的晋宁期,终止于200 Ma左右的印支期;SEE向大别高压-超高压变质带主要形成于400～500 Ma的加里东期,终止于250 Ma左右的印支期;NNE向郯庐高压-超高压变质带初期曾经与胶东高压-超高压变质带是一个带,最早形成于900 Ma左右的晋宁期,但其最重要的形成期是200 Ma左右的印支期,55 Ma左右的喜马拉雅期该带进入推覆造山阶段.胶东、大别和早期的郯庐高压-超高压变质带的主压应力方向都是近SN向,印支期之后的郯庐高压-超高压变质带主压应力方向转变为近EW向.     

Oxygen isotope study of quartz-Al2SiO5 pairs from the Mica Creek area, British Columbia: implications for the recovery of peak metamorphic temperatures

Oxygen isotope analyses of quartz-Al₂SiO₅ pairs have been made for samples from the Mica Creek area, British Columbia. We have analysed quartz–kyanite nodules and quartz–kyanite and quartz–sillimanite in multiphase pelitic rocks from the staurolite–kyanite, kyanite, and sillimanite zones. Apparent temperatures calculated from oxygen isotopic fractionation range from 555 °C (staurolite–kyanite zone) to 695 °C (sillimanite zone). Temperatures from the quartz–kyanite nodules range from 630 to 675 °C. Some of the nodules show isotopic disequilibrium. Most of the results confirm predictions that bimineralic rocks will yield an estimate of peak metamorphic temperatures, when the less abundant mineral (an aluminium silicate) is the slower oxygen diffuser. Using cooling rates of 10–100 °C Ma^?1 for the multiphase rocks, measured crystal sizes and modes, the Fast Grain Boundary diffusion model with ‘wet’ diffusion data (P_H2O?1.0 kbar) yields predicted apparent temperatures which are generally lower than the measured apparent temperatures. The agreement is improved if slower diffusion coefficients are used. This suggests that f (H₂O) during cooling was lower than that of the hydrothermal experiments and thus that there was little interaction with aqueous fluids of internal or external origin to modify the isotopic compositions. The measured apparent isotopic temperatures and apparent garnet–biotite Fe–Mg exchange temperatures show very poor agreement for the sillimanite zone samples, with the garnet–biotite Fe–Mg exchange temperatures generally higher than the oxygen isotope temperatures. Compared with the other calibrations that we tested the measured apparent temperatures using the Sharp calibration show the best agreeement with recently published P–T grids, although some variability in agreement is expected due to variable f (H₂O) during cooling.     

黔东南平秋金矿成因研究:来自氢、氧、硫同位素的制约

黔东南地处江南造山带西南段雪峰隆起西南端,区内金矿床(点)广布,是湘黔金矿集中区的重要组成部分。平秋金矿是该区金矿床的典型代表,其矿体产于下江群番召组浅变质火山-沉积岩,严格受北东向断裂褶皱控制。为理清其成因,对平秋金矿床含矿石英脉中的石英包裹体进行了氢、氧同位素测试。结果显示,其δD为-51.3‰~-59‰,δ18OH2O-SMOW为4.46‰~8.16‰,表明平秋金矿成矿期流体以变质水为主。对成矿期黄铁矿的硫同位素分析结果表明,其δ34S值为-1.86‰~4.55‰,而围岩下江群浅变质岩中黄铁矿的δ34S值为9.63‰~13.56‰,二者相差巨大,表明矿床中硫不是直接来自于赋矿围岩。根据上述氢、氧、硫同位素测定结果并结合区域地质背景,本文认为平秋金矿的成矿流体和成矿物质源自下伏地层的变质脱水作用,成矿作用与加里东运动造成的变质变形有关。     

内蒙古西部伊很查汗庙、哈达呼舒变质岩P-T条件的探讨

作者1982年对内蒙古潮格旗以北伊很查汗庙-勃尔和地区进行了野外考察,并做了大量的室内工作。通过对23个变质白云母的X射线衍射和化学分析,3对黑云母-石榴子石矿物对的元素分配系数及4个闪石类矿物的化学成分的研究,认为该变质带变质压力大约1.5-4kbar,变质温度约470-550℃,应属于低压高温变质带。该带中的闪石矿物应为钙闪石类。没有发现蓝闪石片岩带。